• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.577-595
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• 2009

This study aimed to reanalyze energy and nutrient intakes of 2007 Korean Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) using CAN-Pro 3.0, a commonly used nutrient analysis software in Korea. Food items and their codes were selected from 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file and converted to food codes of CAN-Pro 3.0 nutrient database (NDB). Of the 1,324 total food items, 1,155 items were converted by direct matching, 123 items were matched using other items in CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and 42 items were matched using external sources. Consumption frequencies of items converted by direct matching contributed 94.5% of total consumption. Nutrient intakes of 4,091 participants of 2007 KNHANES, over 1 year old, were recalculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and compared with intakes in 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file. Intakes for energy and all nutrients except protein and Vitamin C calculated by two NDBs were significantly different by paired t-test (p < 0.001), but significantly correlated by Pearson' correlation coefficients (p < 0.001). Percent differences between the NDBs ranged from 0.3% to 15.1%, low for protein, energy, vitamin C, iron, vitamin B$_2$ (below 5%) but high for phosphorus, retinol, vitamin A, and $\beta$-carotene (over 10%). Age group, sex, and their interactions significantly influenced six nutrients (p < 0.05). Intake levels of zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin E, folate and cholesterol were not available in 2007 KNHANES but were calculated by CAN-Pro 3.0. Mean intake levels of zinc, vitamin B$_6$, vitamin E, and folate by age and sex groups revealed that some groups had mean levels below RI (Recommended Intake) or AI (Adequate Intake) levels. Intake level of cholesterol was higher than the recommended level (below 300 mg/day) in some groups, especially males. Results of the present study indicate the need for comparable and more comprehensive NDB to be used for dietary assessment of KNHANES and other researches. More rigorous evaluation of nutrients which have not been reported in KNHANES is needed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2018

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects quality of life and nutrition. Several studies have demonstrated a link between periodontal disease and low bone density, and vitamin D is expected to have a beneficial effect on periodontal disease as well as on bone mineral density and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between periodontal disease and vitamin D because the results are different in some studies and there is a lack of research in Korea. In this study, we conducted a multiple linear regression analysis of 8,783 subjects among 23,626 subjects who were older than 20 years of age, who had serum vitamin D levels and periodontal disease, who had three years of the National Health and Nutrition Survey that was conducted in Korea from 2012 to 2014. We examined the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and periodontal disease. Tooth loss and vitamin D levels were negatively correlated (${\beta}=-0.028$, p=0.008). In addition, the prevalence of periodontal disease was found to be higher in men younger than 50 years of age with lower vitamin D levels (Q1: 1.769 [1.125~2.782], Q2: 1.182 [0.743~1.881], Q3: 0.676 [0.400~1.881]; p=0.001). Low vitamin D levels and periodontal disease are common diseases in primary care. Vitamin D supplementation is expected to have favorable effect on periodontal disease and falls, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and cancer. Therefore, patients with periodontal disease may benefit from periodic vitamin D management to improve quality of life as well as to manage periodontal disease. In addition, as shown in this study, not only elderly individuals, but also men younger than 50 years of age are related to periodontal disease, so there should be interest in controlling the levels of vitamin D in adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.708-718
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• 2007

The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether vitamin E supplementation could improve the antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage in Korean postmenopausal women. This was double blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-five subject were randomized to receive either placebo 400 mg/capsule or natural $\alpha$-tocopherol 400 IU/capsule, 2 times a day for 6 weeks. We measured plasma vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\gamma$-tocopherol, $\alpha$-carotenoid, $\beta$-carotenoid, lycopene concentration and tail length, %DNA in tail, tail moment in lymphocyte DNA damage index. Vitamin E supplementation group had significantly increased plasma vitamin C(p<0.05), $\alpha$-tocopherol(p<0.000), whereas $\gamma$-tocopherol(p<0.000) and tail length(p<0.05) were significantly decreased. However, placebo supplementation group also had significantly increased plasma vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, our study shows that vitamin E supplementation to Korean postmenopausal women may partially improve antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-183
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• 1998

Yulmoo Mul-kimchi was prepared by fermentation of the mixture of 1 part of leafy radish and 2.75 parts of water. It is thought that during the kimchi fermentation both the biosynthesis and destruction of ascorbic acid occurred at the same time. So the ascorbic acid content in Kimchi broth was strongly influenced by the environment of the processing period. In the present studies, an attempt had been made to elucidate the effect of water quality on the content of ascorbic acid and the population change of microorganism during Mul-kimchi fermentation. Five kinds of water such as tap water, an underground water, one commercially available processed water, distilled water and triply distilled water were examined. Nevertheless there were no differences in the population of microorganism and the pattern of acid formation among the five different kind of waters, a large variation of ascorbic acid content was observed. The ascorbic acid content of Kimchi prepared with triply distilled water showed the highest of 7.2 mg% in contrast to 3.37 mg% in tap water kimchi, and 5.72 mg% in the kimchi using underground water which has relatively high concentration of Ca. These results suggested that pure water free of metal ions might prevent the destruction of ascorbic acid during the fermentation. The considerable amount of ascorbic acid in the Kimchi with underground water might be due to Ca ion in the water.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate dietary factors, bone status, and bone loss in postmenopausal women in rural areas. A total of 189 women participated in the follow-up study after two years. Radius, Tibia, and Phalanx SOS (Speed of Sound) was measured on two occasions 2 years apart by ultra-sonic-metry, and % body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at the baseline and after 2years. Dietary intake data were collected 4 times at different season by 24-hour recall method, and then calculated as average. Bone density of radius decreased by 4.2% during the two year period. When the subjects were divided into three groups, by bone decline level during two years, the lowest bone loss group had higher potassium and vegetable intake than other groups. Age and calcium intakes showed significant correlation with bone decline rate at tibia. In multiple regressions, the baseline SOS, vitamin A, vegetables and eggs intakes were found to be significant factors for tibia bone decline. In conclusion, dietary factors, such as higher vegetable intake, seem to affect the changes in bone mineral density in more favorable way. Therefore, efforts are needed to enhance the access to nutritional care for rural elderly postmenopausal women.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was done to compare the vitamin A levels between hospitalized patients of measles symptoms and of the other infectious diseases common in childhood (bronchiolitis, penumonia, gastroenteritis and etc.). Methods : We have set up a population of 133 hospitalized patients of measles symptoms in the pediatric department of Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between Nov. 2000~Apr. 2001 and compared them to a group of 30 hospitalized patients of other infectious diseases between Dec. 2001~Feb. 2002. The whole patients were divided into three groups by diagnosing measles-specific IgM antibody positive as measles group(n=104), negative as measles-susepcted group(n=29) and other infectious disease group. And we compared the vitamin A levels, clinical symptoms, and general hematological and biochemical results. Results : Among the 104 measles patients, the concentrated age groups were 10 12 months(n=24, 23.1%), 13~15 months(n=16, 15.3%) and 16 months~4 years of age(n=24, 23.1%). The mean levels of vitamin A of measles and measles-susepcted groups were $69.6{\pm}28.6{\mu}g/dL$ and $75.2{\pm}34.4{\mu}g/dL$, respectively, and that of other infectious disease group was $28.1{\pm}17.5{\mu}g/dL$. Conclusion : The mean levels of vitamin A of both measles and measles-suspected groups were significantly higher than that of other infectious disease group(P<0.05) and showed no significant correlations with clinical symptoms and hospitalization duration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1942-1947
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• 2014

Nutritional compositions of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) cultivars, such as Otumsense, Chiak, and Skinny green, were investigated as high value-added food substances. Among minerals, K content of three cultivars was the highest, and P, Ca, and Na contents were relatively higher than those of other minerals. Contents of essential amino acids were analyzed as follows: Otumsense (198.48 mg/100 g), Chiak (413.50 mg/100 g), and Skinny green (270.07 mg/100 g). Total amino acids of Chiak were the highest among the three cultivars, and major amino acids of the three cultivars were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Analysis of fatty acids showed that major fatty acids were palmitic acid as a saturated fatted acid and ${\alpha}$-linoleic acid as an unsaturated fatty acid in the three cultivars. Glucose and fructose were major free sugar constituents in the three cultivars. Total free sugar content of Otumsense was relatively higher than others. Finally, niacin and vitamin $B_6$ of Skinny green (1.55 mg/100 g, 1.92 mg/100 g) were the highest among the cultivars. However, ${\beta}$-carotene as a vitamin A precursor ($3.82{\mu}g/100g$) and vitamin C as a natural antioxidant substance (47.18 mg/100 g) of Otumsense cultivar were the highest.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the association of serum Vitamin D with insulin resistance and ${\beta}-cell$ function in Korean health checkup examinees. Methods: This study subjects were 374 healthy adults (199 males, 175 females) over the age of 20, who visited a general hospital medical center located in Haenam-gun, Jeollanam-do. To find the association of Vitamin D with HOMA-IR and $HOMA-{\beta}$, the used statistical analysis were ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results: Of the study subjects, the level of serum Vitamin D defined by deficient group, insufficient group and sufficient group was 38.5%, 48.1% and 13.4%, respectively. According to the level of serum Vitamin D, the mean values of HOMA-IR were $1.92{\pm}1.08$ in sufficient group, $1.99{\pm}1.04$ in the insufficient group and $2.91{\pm}1.05$ in deficient group and there were statistically significant different(p<0.001). The mean values of $HOMA-{\beta}$ were $84.69{\pm}1.07$ in sufficient group, $78.41{\pm}1.04$ in the insufficient group and $80.48{\pm}1.04$ in deficient group, and there were not significant. As a result of ANCOVA, adjusted mean of HOMA-IR were statistically significant different (p<0.001), but those of $HOMA-{\beta}$ were not statistically significant according to the level of serum Vitamin D. Conclusion: The insufficient level of serum Vitamin D was relatively high in healthy adults who live in rural area, and it was found that HOMA-IR significantly increased when Vitamin D was deficient. To prevent insulin resistance or diabetes, it is necessary to provide sufficient information related to sufficient production of Vitamin D such as Vitamin D supplement, sun exposure, food intake and etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.966-974
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to examine characteristics between nutrient intakes, body composition and physical fitness in gifted athletic boys. The subjects were conducted in 50 boys aged 9~12 years living in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Dietary intake information was collected from participants using 3-day food recorded and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and their anthropometric parameters were measured. Swimming group's daily energy intakes were significantly higher compared to those of other groups. Athletics and swimming groups were significantly taller than gymnastics. Swimming group was significantly higher than gymnastics group in weight, fat mass, body fat percent and lean body mass. Athletics and swimming groups were significantly longer than gymnastics group in sit and ball throwing. Swimming group was significantly better than other groups in sit up, and athletics group was significantly faster than gymnastics group in 50 m run. In correlation result for nutrient intake and body composition: 1) Body weight shows positive correlation with protein, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin $B_1$, C and niacin. BMI shows positive correlation with sodium and niacin. Fat mass shows positive correlation with niacin and folate. Body fat% shows positive correlation with vitamin C, E, niacin and folate. LBM shows positive correlation with all elements except lipid, calcium, vitamin A, C, E and folate. In correlation result for nutrient intake and physical fitness: 2) Push up shows positive correlation with iron and vitamin C. Sit and throw ball shows positive correlation with the events except lipid, fiber, vitamin A, E and folate. Sit up shows positive correlation with vitamin $B_1$. Half squat shows positive correlation with iron. Standing long jump shows positive correlation with total energy, lipid, and vitamin A, B and $B_2$. Long run shows negative correlation with protein, carbohydrate, fiber, phosphorus, iron, sodium and zinc. Side step shows positive correlation with niacin. Sit and reach shows negative correlation with total energy, carbohydrate, phosphorus, sodium, zinc and vitamin $B_2$. In correlation result for body composition and physical fitness: 3) Sit and throw ball shows positive correlation with body weight, BMI, fat mass, body fat% and LBM. Standing long jump shows positive correlation with LBM. But long run and 50 m run shows negative correlation with body weight and LBM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.944-951
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• 2017

This study aimed to determine and examine the contents of vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$ using the high-performance liquid chromatography method in traditional holiday foods in Korea. All analyses were under the quality control chart of vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$. The z-scores for vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$ were 1.3, 0.0, and 0.6, respectively, in food analysis performance assessment scheme proficiency tests assuring reliability of analytical performance. Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$ contents were analyzed in a total of 31 samples. Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$ contents ranged from 0.000 to 0.973 mg/100 g, from 0.037 to 0.264 mg/100 g, and from 0.000 to 1.223 mg/100 g in Korean traditional holiday foods, respectively. The highest contents of vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, and $B_3$ were 0.973 mg/100 g in Yukwon-jeon, 0.264 mg/100 g in Dongtae-jeon, and 1.223 mg/100 g in Yukwon-jeon sample, respectively. However, compared to vitamins $B_2$ and $B_3$, vitamin $B_1$ was not detected, generally. Therefore, these results can be used as basic data for a food composition table and improvement of national health for Koreans.