• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.3 s.110
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• pp.196-206
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of vitamin C deficiency on the orthodontic tooth movement and bony remodeling processes. Thirty six male guinea pigs were divided on the basis of the given amount of vitamin C (normal group: 5mg/day, deficient group: 0.2mg/day) and 75gm of force was applied to the maxillary incisors. Experimental animals were sacrificed at day 0. day 1 day 3, day 5. day 7 and day 14 after force application and the amount of tooth movement was measured and tissues were studied histologically. The results showed that the amount of collagen fiber in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone of the deficient group was less than that of the normal group. In the stretched side. the osteoblastic activity and alveolar bone formation of the normal group increased in a time dependent manner during experimental periods, but the deficient group showed less activity and formation. The amount of tooth movement in the deficiency group was more than in the normal group at day 0. day 1, day 3, day 5, and day 7. According to the above results, a deficiency of vitamin C resulted in a defect of collagen synthesis of the periodontium and inhibition of bone formation and stimulation of bone resorption with rapid tooth movement in early periods of force application.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.24 no.4 s.270
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• pp.136-141
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• 1992

수용성 비타민은 지용성비타민과는 달리 체내에 축적이 많이 되지 않기 때문에 자주 계속적으로 공급해 주어야 한다. 수용성비타민은 주로 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질의 대사작용에 작용하며 조효소의 구성성분이다. 수용성 비타민에는 비타민 B군(群)과 비타민 C가 있다. 비타민 B군에 속하는 비타민에는 비타민$B_1$(thiamin), 비타민 $B{_2}$(riboflavin), 나이아신(niacin), 비타민$B{_6}$(pyridoxine), 판토텐산(pantothenicaicd), 바이오틴(biotin), 콜린(choline), 엽산(folacin), 비타민$B_{12}$ 등이 있다. 이들 B군에 속하는 비타민들은 대체로 자연에 함께 존재한다. 즉, 어느 한가지가 풍부한 곳에는 B군에 속하는 다른 비타민들도 풍부하게 존재하고 있다. 따라서 인간이나 동물이 순수한 어느 한가지 비타민 B의 결핍증에 걸리기는 매우 어렵다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2015

The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1993

A nutrition survey of 99 children, 3 to 6 years old, in the day care center, situated in Kamman-dong of Pusan, as the location of one of the socioeconomically vulnerable groups, was undertaken between July 1 and 14, 1992, to investigate dietary intake and nutritional status. The results are summarized as follows. Hematocrit value was 38.9%. Mean content of serum iron was 53.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$ and 17.2% of the subjects were below the borderline of anemia. Mean contents of serum total protein, serum albumin and serum complement $C_3$were at an acceptable level, But, 27% of the subjects were below the borderline of protein deficiency, Energy intake of the children was 68.6~87.5% of the RDAs and mean protein intake was 94.1~114.1% of the recommendation. Low intake of Ca, Fe, vitamin A, B$_1$, B$_2$, C, niarin were also found. The survey found 10% of the subjects skipped a meal once a day, The children intake 3.3~5.5 kinds of the food every meal. The following percentages of the children intake below 75% of the RDAs ; 68% of the children for Fe, 60.2% for vitamin C, 58.3% for niacin, 58.2% for Ca, 46.6% for energy, 37.9% of vitamin B$_2$, 37.8% of vitamin B$_1$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.336-344
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• 2015

The capacity for liver regeneration involves a variety of nutritional factors. Vitamin C has multiple metabolic and antioxidant functions. In this study, we investigated the role of vitamin C in liver regeneration following hepatectomy in senescence marker protein (SMP)-30 knockout (KO) mice. Partial hepatectomy was performed by resecting the median and left lateral lobes of mice. Vitamin C accelerated liver recovery in SMP30 KO mice treated with vitamin C (KV). The livers of the KV mice exhibited lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase and lower injury than those of the KO mice. Increased type II transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGF-βRII)-mediated regeneration signaling was accompanied by HGF and cMet in the KV but not the KO mice. Consistent with this, the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), increased rapidly in the KV mice. Enhanced activation of ERK and GSK-3β proteins and a significantly increased number of binuclear hepatocytes were also detected in the livers of the KV mice. Moreover, the KV mice synthesized the highest levels of albumin. These data suggest that treating SMP30 knockout mice with vitamin C resulted in earlier recovery and liver regeneration by activation of the regeneration system.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to develop an experimental model and a semipurified diet for vitamin C requirement study in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of the feeding trial, fish were fed the control diet for four weeks to deplete their body reserves of vitamin C, Then fish were divided into six groups and given one of the laboratory developed semipurified diets supplementing either 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 150, o. 1500 mg L-ascorhic acid (AA)/kg diet for eight weeks. Fish fed control diet had lower hematocrit than did fish from groups fed the other diets (P<0.05). Also these fish had significantly lower percent weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and muscle AA than did fish fed diets containing 150 and 1500 mg AA/kg diet (P<0.05). Diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the control diet had 39,7 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, these fingings suggest that the experimental model and the semipurified diet can be useful for vitamin C requirement study, and the dietary vitamin C requirement is greater than 40 mg AA/kg diet, but 150 mg AA/kg diet is adequate for the maximum growth in juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.739-746
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• 2001

To assess the nutrient intakes and diet quality of middle school students living in Kangneung area a dietary survey using th 3-day food record was conducted with 226 subjects. Mean daily energy intake was 2114$\pm$502 kcal with 61.6% of energy supplied by carbohydrate 16.4% by protein and 22.0% by fat. As well as insufficiencies in calcium and iron intakes the bioavailability of calcium and iron consumed is considered to low because most of them came from plant origins. For calcium iron vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$the proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of RDA were all over 46%. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) an index of overall dietary quality was 0.70 for males and 0.73 for females. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except 4 nutrients; 0.48 of calcium 0.64 of iron 0.73 of vitamin A and 0.79 of vitamin B$_2$. Nutrient intake levels less than 75% of RDA may be appropriate as a criteria for insufficiency of nutrient intakes. Based on these results it is evident that some of middle school students in Kangneung area did not consume enough nutrients especially calcium iron and vitamin A.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 1996

부산시 사하구 관내 통합보건지역 주민 100여명을 대상으로 1995년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 실시한 영양실태 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 헤모글로빈 함량은 평균 13.19g/100ml이었으나, 빈혈이 의심되는 조사대상자는 21%이었다. 혈청 알부민 함량은 4.08g/100ml, 총 단백질 함량은 7.81g/100ml로 나타났다. 2) 열량 섭취량은 권장량의 63.1~82.0%를 나타내었으며, 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질의 구성비율은 63.2~72.4% : 13.2~19.5% : 14.4~18.5%이었다. 단백질은 권장량의 79.4%~98.5%의 섭취량을 보였으나, 칼슘, 철, 비타민 $B_{1}$, 비타민 $B_{2}$, niacin, 비타민 C 등은 권장량보다 낮은 섭취를 보이는 주민이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3) 조사 대상자의 18.5%가 점심을 결식하는 것으로 나타났고, 한끼 평균 4.0~9.3가지, 하루 평균 10.9~14.9가지의 식품을 섭취하고 있었다. 4) 해당 영양소의 결핍이 우려되는 수준인 영양권장량의 75% 미만을 섭취하고 있는 주민의 비율이 단백질이 34%, 칼슘 71%, 철분 47%, 비타민 $B_{1}$ 30%, 비타민 $B_{2}$ 30%, niacin 30%로 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.723-735
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• 1998

Background : Vitamin C has been reported to have a role in the decrease of airway hyperresponsiveness in animal models. This data is based on some metabolic actions of vitamin C, such as promotion of histamine degradation, producing more $PGE_2$ than $PGF_{2\alpha}$ in cyclooxygenase pathway, decrease of smooth muscle contraction, and acting as reducing agent of oxidant. It has been also known that heavy smokers have lower blood levels of vitamin C than nonsmokers and this deficiency in heavy smokers have been explained by several mechanisms, such as increased oxidation by oxidants and free radicals, increased biosynthesis of catecholamine and serotonin released by nicotine, and inadequate dietary intake. In this study, We attempted to assess effect of vitamin C on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in heavy smokers who have bronchial hyperresponsiveness and role of vitamin C on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Method: To assess acute effect of vitamin C on airway hyperresponsiveness, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were done in 17 smokers and 8 nonsmokers, and one hour after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were repeated. To assess chronic effect of vitamin C on airway hyperresponsiveness, after daily administration of vitamin C 1 g for one week in 17 smokers, blood sample for vitamin C level and spirometry, methacholine challenge test were done. To assess role of vitamin C, after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g plus indomethacin 100 mg in 12 of 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test, spirometry and methacholine challenge test were done and after oral intake of indomethacin 100 mg in 12 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test, spirometry and methacholine challenge test were repeated. Result: There were no significant differences in whole blood vitamin C levels between smokers($1.17{\pm}0.22$ mg/dL) and nonsmcikers($1.14{\pm}0.19$ mg/dL) (p>0.05). Fifteen of the 17 smokers(88.2%) were reactive to methacholine challenge test and 10 of the 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test were less than 8 mg/dL in $PC_{20}FEV-2$, and 7 of the 8 nonsmokers(87.5%) were nonreactive to methacholine challenge test There were significant decrease in bronchial responsiveness after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g in 13 of the 15 smokers who were reactive to methacholine challenge test This significant decrease persisted with maintenance daily administration of 1 g for one week. $PC_{20}FEV-2$ were not correlated to vitamin C levels in smokers. After oral administration of indomethacin 100 mg, significant reduction of bronchial responsiveness that occured after oral administration of vitamin C 3 g in smokers were attenuated. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in whole blood vitamin C levels between smokers and nonsmokers. heavy smokers have significant increase in bronchial responsiveness than nonsmokers. This bronchial hyperresponsiveness of heavy smokers can be attenuated by vitamin C supplement. Disappearance of vitamin C effect by indomethacin supplement may suggest that vitamin C exert its effect via alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2003

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C and I play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in ethanol-treated rats. In the experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160~180 g were given a liquid diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol for 7 weeks. The pair-fed control rats received an isocaloric amount of diet containing sucrose instead of ethanol on the following day Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of $\beta$-carotene, retinyl acetate or 13-sis-reinoic acid except vitamin A-deficient diet. The results obtained are as follows. The levels of plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide were increased after chronic ethanol feeding in rats. Retinyl acetate supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol feeding Glucose 6-phosphatase activity was significantly reduced in rats fed vitamin A-deficient diet with ethanol and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly induced in rats fed 13-cis-reinoic acid diet with ethanol. Catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities did not show a consistent tendency in experiment groups. The hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities did not significantly changed by chronic ethanol feeding groups. The striking decrease in conversion of $\beta$-carotene to retinol was observed in rats fed a $\beta$-carotene diet with ethanol feeding The level of retinol and retinoic acid in plasma and liver was decreased after chronic ethanol administration Based on this result, these data suggest that ethanol feeding enhances oxidative stress especially in those fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, and vitamin A supplementation, especially, retinyl acetate intake can prevent enhanced lipid peroxidation and related damage to some extent.