• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.757-764
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• 2013

The estimation of maintenance cost of information system so far has been conducted centered on the ordering body, so the problem of provider's having to cover the cost due to small cost compared to the amount of work is not solved. This study is a base study for estimating the maintenance cost of information system centered on provider, and it deduces cost items of maintenance and suggests adjustment factors for adjusting the gap between the ordering body and provider regarding the maintenance cost. In order to deduce the cost items of maintenance, this study adds the activities of the provider for maintenance to the base study of cost factors regarding the existing maintenance activity, divides, and classifies them into the fixed cost and variable cost. In order to adjust the gap between the ordering body and provider regarding the maintenance cost, this study found the adjustment factors such as the code, utility, and components created by the automatic tool that was not included when estimating the maintenance cost centered on the ordering body. After examining and analyzing K Company's data of maintenance performance for three years, it confirmed that the gap regarding the adjustment factors was about 13% in case of K Company.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 1993

배당정책결정(配當政策決定) 설명 이른들 중에는 배당신호가설(配當信號假說)과 배당대리인비용가설(配當代理人費用假說)이 있다. 본 연구는 대리인비용(代理人費用)이 배당성향과 배당조정계수속도에 미치는 영향을 대리인비용의 대용치인 내부자소유구조(內部者所有構造)와의 관계분석을 통해 고찰(考察)해 봄으로써 두 가설(假說)에 대한 검증을 시도하였다. Value Line Investment Survey에 수록된 기업들 중 일정기준들을 만족시키는 238개 표준기업들을 대상으로 Lintner모델의 배당성향 및 배당조정계수속도가 내부자소유구조의 일차함수(一次函數)라는 가정하에 Lintner모델에 대하여 시계열/비선형 횡단면 회귀분석(回歸分析)을 행하였다. 분석 결과는 배당성향, 배당조정계수, 모두 1%의 유의수준(有意水準)에서 내부자소유구조와 유의적인 부(負)의 관계를 나타내고 있다. 이것은 내부자소유구조가 큰 기업일수록 다른 조건이 동일 하다면 내부자에 대한 배당가치가 적어지기 때문인 것으로 풀이된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2000

퍼지제어기를 실제 플랜트에 적용할 경우, 모델링 오차와 플랜트에 대한 관련지식의 부족으로 만족할 만한 제어 결과를 기대하지 못한다. 이러한 경우 제어기 성능을 향상시키기 위해 제어인자를 다시 조정해야 하고, 이 조정과정은 시행착오방법으로 수행되기 때문에 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 논리를 사용하여 스케일링 계수를 자동조정하는 퍼지 레귤레이터를 제안하였다. 스케일 계수의 출력 범위와 오차, 오차 변화량 따라 퍼지 레귤레이터는 적절한 스케일링 계수값을 결정함으로써 퍼지제어기의 성능을 향상시키게 된다. 제안한 방법의 타당성을 확인하기 위해 2차 플랜트에 적용하여 모의실험을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.42-48
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• 2002

The case that cannot show the satisfactory control results with a modeling error and a shortage of related knowledge about a plant is if a fuzzy controller designed based on the plant model or the experience applies to an actual plant. We must adjust the scale factor which is a controller again in order to improve control performance in case of this and needs a lot of time and costs because this regulation process is carried out with a trial and error way We proposes the fuzzy controller that an automatic control adjust scale factors according to fuzzy logic and normalizer in this paper We confirmed that an automatic adjusted fuzzy controller displayed good performance than the fuzzy controller that scale factors was fixed through simulation. We implemented the controller using the DSP processor and applied in a hydraulic servo system. And then we observed an experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2003

플랜트 모델이나 경험에 근거하여 설계된 퍼지제어기를 실제 플랜트에 적용할 경우, 모델링 오차와 플랜트에 대한 관련지식의 부족으로 만족할 만한 제어 결과를 나타내지 못할 경우가 있다. 이 경우 제어성능을 향상시키기 위해 제어기의 제어인자를 다시 조정하여야 하고, 이 조정과정은 시행착오 방법으로 수행되기 때문에 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 정규화 된 오차와 오차 변화량를 사용하여 플랜트 응답에 따라 입력과 출력의 적절한 스케일 계수를 조정하는 퍼지제어기를 제안한다. 정규화 된 오차를 출력 소속함수의 중심과 폭에 곱해 출력 범위를 재조정하고, 플랜트 응답에 의해 입력의 스케일 계수를 결정한다. 이를 확인하기 위해 2차 플랜트에 적용하여 모의 실험을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

In this paper, we proposed a parametric estimation method for estimating H/W cost by using the development data of professional service robot in Korea. In addition, we derived the factors and weights that we can estimate the costs depending on the application environmental conditions of the robot. For the analysis, we developed the equation of professional service robot cost estimation using parametric method. We also derived the adjustment factors and following weights through FGI and Delphi for environmental conditions. We have developed a cost estimation equation that reflects the weight, volume, and manufacturing difficulty, and can derive a relational equation that reflects the environmental factors(dust/water, heat/cold, safety, test, technology innovation). This provides an objective basis for estimating the cost of professional service robots and will lead to ongoing research for estimating the H/W development cost of professional service robots. In the future, we will increase reliability by collecting abundant data, and will strengthen models through finding functional factors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.6 s.109
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• pp.815-822
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• 2006

It is very important that they accurately predict the software development cost in the early stage of a software development. Because cost estimations are required when bidding for a contract or determining whether a project is feasible in terms of a cost-benefit analysis. The criterions of the software cost estimation was set up to calculate software development cost more exactly, which is applied to made up a budget of the software business or to calculate a suitable cost to start the business in our country. However, as the software technology and environment are changing very rapidly, it need to enhance the criterion of the cost estimation continuously. Therefore, we tried to apply technology of software and a variety of factors of environment changes in present. Most of all, we proposed an introduction and readjustment of the adjustment factor applying 14 general system characteristics to improve the accuracy of the cost estimation and the schedule adjustment factor that is required by practicians. For evaluating the accuracy in terms of the real data, we have used MMRE & PRED. In result, we proved that the accuracy was clearly improved by applying the scale factor and readjusted VAF with 14 general system characteristics. Moreover, we evaluated the accuracy of the schedule adjustment factor.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

One of the most significant tasks of software development project is to know how much it will be the software development cost in the early stage of software development cycle. The software development environment and technology are changing very rapidly. For accuracy, we should apply those to the software cost estimation. And it is important that we select the suitable adjustment factor and the value of a suitable adjustment factor. For that, this paper have applied the method of AHP. And we have also analyzed the sensitivity of the adjustment factor which is influenced by decision metrics. In conclusion, the value of the application type adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the data complexity and the control complexity than processing complexity. And the value of the language adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the supplying manpower and the time of the coding than the time of the debugging. In the future, we will research the selection of an additional adjustment factor and a suitable value of the adjustment factor which are influenced by the environment and the technology of the domestic software development. And then, in the language adjustment factor, we will try to calculate the value about the individual programming language.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.337-366
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• 2004

Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), as non-market valuation approach, has been criticized on that respondents may not realistically reflect their budget constraints in answering willingness to pay (WTP) for hypothetical CV questions. This paper empirically estimates the income calibration factor associated with CV responses through combining travel cost method and contingent valuation method in a utility-theoretic framework. The joint model of recreation demand function and contingent WTP function was applied to an important case study on the Man Kyoung River system, whose water quality is at issue because of the Sae Alan Kum reclamation project. Relevant economic variables such as price, income and water quality had significant influence as anticipated by the economic theory. Equally important, the income calibration factor was not significantly different from one, suggesting that the systematic discrepancies of CV responses relative to the actual behavior was not detected at least in terms of budget exaggeration. Overall, this study supports the notion that carefully designed CVM studies can provide informative data on individuals' willingness to pay for environmental quality changes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.189-191
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• 2006

전력시장의 도입과 함께 그동안 전력사업자가 자체적으로 운용하였던 계통보조서비스를 이제는 각 발전사에게 할당하여 공급하는 체계가 됨에 따라 이에 대한 적절한 보상이 주요 이슈화 되고 있다. 헌재 주파수제어나 예비력확보 등은 보상되고 있지만 무효전력 조정에 대해서는 아직까지 아무런 보상책이 없어 무효전력의 공급을 기피할 가능성이 있다. 그동안 무효전력의 최적비용에 대해서는 최적조류계산이나 한계송전손실계수 산정 등에 의해 각 모선별로 산정하는 방법은 연구되고 있지만 각 발전기의 변동비 측면의 접관은 실재 적용 가능한 현실적인 방법임에도 이에 대한 연구가 적었다. 여기서는 무효전력의 변동비를 산정하기 위해 손실에 따른 부가적 에너지를 구하고, 무효전력 운용 유지보수 비용 및 수명 저하에 따른 비용요소를 고려한다. 이 연구방법의 특징으로는 발전기측의 자료를 사용하여 각 발전기의 무효전력 공급에 따른 변동비를 산정할 수 있어 무효전력 공급에 대한 각 발전기별 보상을 할 수 있는 방법이다.