• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2018

The average life expectancy in Korea was 62.3 in 1970 and 82.3 in 2016, which increased by more than 20 years and it's expected to enter super-aged society after passing through the aged society. The poverty, loneliness, inactivity, and disease which were called as four problems of senior citizens have become social issues. Thus, the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly(Project supporting social activity of seniors) was carried out as the senior welfare policy. First purpose was to help the elderly engage in society actively, make their income and build up health while preventing the problems of the aged and reducing social cost as well. The second purpose was to help them live healthy later lives through various jobs. This study aimed to investigate whether the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly increased quality of later lives through health promotion and healthy later lives while engaging in the society, rather than making income according to its purpose, by conducting the survey before and after participating in the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly. It's expected to see this study could contribute to making more opportunities for the senior citizens to engage in the society continuously, rater than making money.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 1999

An integrated wastewater treatment pond system is developed for treatment and recycling of excreta from dairy cattle. It is composed of three ponds in series. A pit with a capacity of $10m^3$, 2-day hydraulic residence time, and overflow velocity of $1.5m^3m^{-2}day^{-1}$ is located internally in primary pond. It is designed for efficient sludge sedimentation and effective methane fermentation. It receives $5m^3/day$ of diluted cattle excreta by the water used for clearing stalls. A submerged gays collector for the recovery of methane is installed on the top of the pit. The average BOD_5 concentration of influent is 398.7mg/l. That of the effluent from primary pond is 49.2mg/l. About 88% of BOD_5 are removed in primary pond. It is assumed that about 60% of the influent BOD_5 is removed in the pit and that almost all of the carbon of the removed BOD_5 in the pit is converted to methane and carbon dioxide. Methane fermentation of the pit is well established at $16^{\circ}C$. This phenomena results from temperature stability, complete anaerobic condition, and neutral pH of the pit. Gas from the collector is almost 90% methane, less than 9% nitrogen, and less than 1% carbon dioxide. Thus a purified methane is produced, which can be used as energy source.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Background: We evaluated new patient's satisfactory consultation time (SCT) and their willingness to pay additional costs (WPAC) for their SCT. Methods: We surveyed medical service satisfaction, SCT, WPAC for their SCT, and payable amount to 612 new patients of single general hospital and measured their real consultation time (RCT). To compare WPAC and payable amount, we divided RCT into 4 groups (${\leq}3$ minutes, 3-5 minutes, 5-10 minutes, and > 10 minutes), and SCT into 3 groups (${\leq}5$ minutes, 5-10 minutes, and > 10 minutes). On the basis of WPAC, we estimated new patient's SCT. Results: RCT was 6.2 minutes, SCT was 8.9 minutes, and medical service satisfaction score was 4.3 (out of 5). The number of patients having WPAC (payable group) was 381 (62.3%) and the amount was 5,853 Korean won. Their RCT and SCT were longer than non-payable group (6.4 minutes vs. 5.7 minutes, 9.3 minutes vs. 8.2 minutes). From multiple logistic regression analysis, WPAC of RCT 5-10 minutes was higher than that RCT ${\leq}3$ minutes (odds ratio= 1.78). Payable amount was highest in RCT > 10 minutes (6,950 Korea won) and SCT > 10 minutes (7,458 Korean won). Intuitively we suggest 10 minutes as SCT, based on payable group's SCT (9.3 minutes) and cut-off time differentiating payable group with non-payable group (10 minutes). Conclusion: We found that new patient had WPAC for their SCT and the longer the SCT, the greater the amount. From this, we hope that current simplified new patient consultation fee calculating system should be modified combining the consultation time factor.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1373-1381
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• 1999

이 논문에서는 통신망 설계 응용분야의 문제를 그래프 이론 문제로써 고려해 보았다. 개별 기업체가 서로 떨어진 두 곳을 연결하고자 할 때 공용통신망의 회선을 빌려 통신망을 구축하게 되는데 많은 경우 여러 종류의 회선들이 공급됨으로 어떤 회선을 선택하느냐의 문제가 생긴다. 일반적으로 빠른 회선(low delay)은 느린 회선(high delay)에 비해 비싸다. 그러나 서비스의 질(Quality of Service)이라는 요구사항이 종종 종단지연(end-to-end delay)시간에 의해 결정되므로, 무조건 낮은 가격의 회선만을 사용할 수는 없다. 결국 개별 기업체의 통신망을 위한 통로를 공용 통신망 위에 덮어씌워(overlaying) 구축하는 것의 여부는 두 개의 상반된 인자인 가격과 속도의 조절에 달려 있다. 따라서 일반적인 최소경로 찾기의 변형이라 할 수 있는 다음의 문제가 본 논문의 관심사이다. 두 개의 지점을 연결하는데 종단지연시간의 한계를 만족하면서 최소경비를 갖는 경로에 대한 해결을 위하여, 그래프 채색(coloring) 문제와 최단경로문제를 함께 포함하는 그래프 이론의 문제로 정형화시켜 살펴본다. 배낭문제로의 변환을 통해 이 문제는 {{{{NP-complete임을 증명하였고 {{{{O($\mid$E$\mid$D_0 )시간에 최적값을 주는 의사선형 알고리즘과O($\mid$E$\mid$)시간의 근사 알고리즘을 보였다. 특별한 경우에 대한 {{{{O($\mid$V$\mid$ + $\mid$E$\mid$)시간과 {{{{O($\mid$E$\mid$^2 + $\mid$E$\mid$$\mid$V$\mid$log$\mid$V$\mid$)시간 알고리즘을 보였으며 배낭 문제의 해결책과 유사한 그리디 휴리스틱(greedy heuristic) 알고리즘이 그물 구조(mesh) 그래프 상에서 좋은 결과를 보여주고 있음을 실험을 통해 확인해 보았다.Abstract This paper considers a graph-theoretic problem motivated by a telecommunication network optimization. When a private organization wishes to connect two sites by leasing physical lines from a public telecommunications network, it is often the cases that several categories of lines are available, at different costs. Typically a faster (low delay) lines costs more than a slower (high delay) line. However, low cost lines cannot be used exclusively because the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements often impose a bound on the end-to-end delay. Therefore, overlaying a path on the public network involves two diametrically opposing factors: cost and delay. The following variation of the standard shortest path problem is thus of interest: the shortest route between the two sites that meets a given bound on the end-to-end delay. For this problem we formulate a graph-theoretical problem that has both a shortest path component as well as coloring component. Interestingly, the problem could be formulated as a knapsack problem. We have shown that the general problem is NP-complete. The optimal polynomial-time algorithms for some special cases and one heuristic algorithm for the general problem are described.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.35
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• pp.63-86
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• 2013

Security officers' intent to leave their job would have devastating effects on national security related industries. That is because excessive turnover would result in wasting the money for recruiting and training for organizations as well as putting the level of national security at risk. Therefore, this study has a goal to investigate the factors influencing the intent of leave job among security staff working for one of public institution, airports(n=198). Specifically, this study has a focus on examining the effect of job satisfaction, job commitment and security staff's level of commitment on national security on their turnover intent. The results of the multivariate ordinary lest square regression analysis reveal that job satisfaction, job commitment, and the level of national security commitment directly influence turnover intent. Also, the job satisfaction and the level of national security commitment has indirect impact on the turnover intent via job commitment. However, the results indicate that gender, age, and educational level are not related with security staff's decision to leave their job. Policy implications and study contribution were discussed in this study.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

Large trees in the apartment complex are playing an important role to decide the quality of external environment. They are planted with the object of utilizing themselves as a landmark of the complex and enhancing space symbolism. Since planting large trees would require high maintenance costs and generate defect, it would cause decline in quality of external environment. This study researches on large trees in artificial ground of the apartment complex. This study analyzes actual condition of planting and tries to provide improvement direction of planting. In order to conduct this research, three target areas (over R30) and 265 trees are selected. Based on the drawings and specifications this study researches on the plan of landscape design, changes of field design, actual condition of completion, present condition of planting, minimum soil depth of growth and development and types of extra action for soil depth. The result shows that 85% of drawings and specifications for large trees in the apartment complex are deep-rooted tree species. On average large trees with R 35 are planted in artificial ground and there is lack of on average 65cm minimum soil depth of growth and development. Reviewing changes of field design is conducted in such limited size as mainly R30 and R40 and there is no extra plan for lack of soil depth. The plan for securing additional soil depth is done by 85% of mounding. However, since there is only 10% of satisfaction, the inappropriateness in securing additional soil is pointed out. This research also points out that the size of large trees, root characteristics and location-allocation for planting are pivotal factors for securing minimum soil depth of growth and development. This research also provides improvement direction in case of planning planting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2011

PET/면, 나일론/PET, 나일론/면 등 다양한 복합섬유소재를 염색하기 위해서는 복합섬유소재를 구성하는 각각의 섬유소재에 따라 적합한 염료를 선정하고 그에 맞는 염색방법을 사용하여 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이런 경우 색상과 견뢰도 등의 물성을 맞추기 위한 복잡한 염색공정 및 긴 염색시간에 의한 생산비용 상승 등 여러 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 하나의 염료를 이용하여 다양한 섬유를 염색하는 방법에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 새로운 염료합성의 경우 섬유와 결합할 수 있는 반응기를 분산염료구조에 도입하여 염색조건에 따라 다양한 섬유를 염색할 수 있는 universal dye의 개발에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 반응성염료와 분산염료의 특성을 동시에 만족시키기 위한 일환으로서 염료의 분자 구조 내에 상기의 염료특성을 동시에 발휘하는 소위 "반응성 분산염료"의 개발이 이에 속한다. 본 연구의 목적은 화학구조가 다른 네 종류의 sulphatoethylsulphone기를 갖는 반응성분산염료들을 합성하고 이들의 나일론, PET, 면 및 교직물에 대한 염색성을 분석하는 것이다. 면 섬유에 대한 Dye 1~4의 염색온도에 따른 염색성을 살펴보면, 각 염료들의 염색성은 염색온도에 따라 큰 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있으며, Dye 1, 4는 염색온도가 높을수록 K/S 값이 증가하고 Dye 2, 3은 염색온도가 낮을수록 K/S 값이 증가함을 알 수 있다. Nylon에 대한 Dye 1의 염색속도는 pH 4 > pH 5 > pH 8 > pH 7 > pH 6의 순서로 나타나 pH 6에서의 염착 평형이 pH 4보다 40분 정도 늦게 도달하였다. 나일론과 PET의 동욕염색에 있어 Dye 1은 나일론의 경우 초기부터 빠른 흡착을 보이며 $100^{\circ}C$가 되는 60분에는 K/S값이 16에 도달하여 염착 평형에 근접한 것을 알 수 있으며, PET는 $100-200^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 염색속도가 빨라지며 본격적으로 흡수하였다. N/C 교직물에 대한 Dye 2, 3의 빌드업성은 두 염료 모두 염료농도의 증가에 따라 K/S 값 역시 선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 나일론 섬유는 네 가지 염료로 우수하게 염색되었고, 면 섬유는 수용성기를 가진 Dye 2와 3, 그리고 PET 섬유는 소수성이 높은 Dye 1과 4가 적합하였다. N/P 및 N/C 교직물의 염색에 있어 나일론 성분으로 염료가 더 많이 흡착하여 나일론섬유가 더 진하게 염색되지만 교직물의 직물조직에 의하여 표면과 이면은 각각 거의 동색으로 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1676-1684
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• 2004

Gel properties of recovered protein from mackerel, frozen blackspotted croaker, chicken breast and pork leg using acidic and alkaline processing were evaluated. Myofibrillar protein from mackerel by acidic processing did not form a heat-induced gel. However, the recovered protein including sarcoplasmic protein formed heatinduced gel. Breaking force of gel from mackerel processed at pH 10.5 was the lowest. A deformation value of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest, followed by chicken breast, pork leg and mackerel. Whiteness of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest among heat-induced gel. Breaking force, deformation and whiteness were decreased by addition of recovered protein from mackerel, but price was increased. A breaking force and whiteness of heat-induced gel added recovered protein from chicken breast were increased, and the price was greatly decreased. When the constraint of breaking force, deformation and price of raw material were set up above 110 g, 4.5 mm and below 2,000 won/kg. A optimum formulation for blending protein was 36∼50% for frozen blackspotted croaker, 34∼40% for chicken breast, 14∼25% for pork leg. The heat-induced gel of recovered protein from frozen blackspotted croaker showed compact structure compared to that of recovered protein from mackerel. A formulation of chicken breast and pork leg based on blackspotted croaker can be used in surimi based seafood products having various texture.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated customers' perception of a hygiene grade certification system for restaurants and this study also determined way to promote the application of the hygiene grade certification. Methods: A total of 315 customer responses were used for the data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 23.0) for frequency analysis, χ²-tests, t-tests, analysis of variance, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Results: The composition of the respondents was 43.8% males and 56.2% females. The 73.3% lived with their families while 26.7% lived alone. Among those surveyed, 84.5% dine out at least once a week and 66.8% dine out during weekends evening. In addition, the most preferred types of restaurants were Korean restaurants (37.5%), delivery restaurants (14.6%), and Western restaurants (8.9%). Information about restaurant was most frequently obtained through Internet searches (54.0%). The average expenditure of eating-out per person was 15,483 Korean won, and the overall satisfaction averaged 3.58 out of 5 points. According to the results of IPA, the restaurant selection attributes that were priorities for improvement were the foods' taste and restroom cleanliness. In addition, 30.5% of respondents recognized the hygiene grade certification system for restaurants. The intention of dining at restaurants with a hygiene grade certification in the future was on average 4.02 out of 5 points. A total of 56.8% of respondents were willing to pay more for a restaurant with a hygiene grade certification. The average percentage of additional price was 6.02%. Conclusion: In order to apply and quickly disseminate the hygiene grade certification system all over the Korea, the study results suggest that relevant policy should be provided by the Korean government for certified restaurants along with the relevant education and promotion of the system to customers.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.189-216
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• 2005

본 연구는 혁신과정에 중대한 영향을 미치는 혁신네트워크를 혁신과정을 둘러싼 제반 지식흐름과 이러한 지식흐름의 네트워크로 재정의하고, 지식흐름과 지식네트워킹 차원에서 접근하였다. 이러한 차원에서, 지식흐름의 대리변수로 간주되는 특허인용데이터를 활용하여 한국의 혁신주체를 둘러싼 지식네트워킹의 특성을 분석하는 방식으로 혁신네트워크를 분석했다. 그 결과, 한국의 기술혁신의 수준이 강화되면서 한국의 지식네트워킹 수준도 제고되었지만, 기술선진국과 비교할 때 상당히 미약한 수준임이 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 기술분야별로 보면 전기전자와 컴퓨터통신에서만 지식네트워킹이 상대적으로 활발하고 여타 기술부문에서는 상대적으로 저조하여 지속적인 기술혁신에 장애로 작용할 가능성이 크다. 동종기술과 이종기술로 구분하는 경우 여전히 동종기술간 지식흐름이 이종기술간 지식흐름을 압도하고 있어서 융합추세의 국제적 트렌드를 반영하고 있지 못하는 한계를 보였다. 이들 지식네트워크는 혁신기업이 주도하고 있는데, 그 방식은 주로 기업과 기업간 유형이 보다 지배적이었음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 최소한 특허인용데이터로 볼 때 대학과 연구소 등 비기업과의 지식네트워킹에 비해, 기업과의 네트워킹이 보다 지배적임을 알 수 있는데, 이것은 국내외를 막론하고 적용되었다. 한국 혁신시스템의 취약한 고리인 네트워킹의 저조를 개선하기 위해선, 기술부문간 차별적인 네트워킹 정책이 세심하게 입안되어야 한다. 이때 한국에서 가장 파급효과가 높은 혁신주체는 대학이 아니라 대기업이라는 점이 적극 고려되어야 한다.. 제안하는 시스템의 신뢰도 측정 방법은 부분이 가지고 있는 신뢰도가 전체 신뢰도에 미치는 영향을 산술적으로 측정할 수 있어 시스템이 요구하는 신뢰도에 접근할 수 있는 방법과 근거를 제공하는 장점이 있다.소시키는 장점을 갖는다.것으로 조사되었으며 40대 이상의 연령층은 점심비용으로 더 많은 지출을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 끼니별 한식에 대한 선호도는 아침식사의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 이는 40대와 50대에서 높게 나타났다. 점심 식사로 가장 선호되는 음식은 중식, 일식이었으며 저녁 식사에서 가장 선호되는 메뉴는 전 연령층에서 일식, 분식류 이었으며, 한식에 대한 선택 정도는 전 연령층에서 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5) 각 연령층에서 선호하는 한식에 대한 조사에서는 된장찌개가 전 연령층에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었고, 김치는 40대 이상의 선호도가 30대보다 높게 나타났으며, 흥미롭게도 30세 이하의 선호도는 30대보다 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 떡과 죽에 대한 선호도는 전 연령층에서 낮게 조사되었다. 장아찌류의 선호도는 전 연령대에서 낮았으며 특히 30세 이하에서 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도 조사에서는 연령이 올라갈수록 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도는 낮아지고 있었으나, 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 양과 가격에 대한 만족도는 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 한식에 대한 선호도는 식사 때와 식사 목적에 따라 연령대 별로 다르게 나타나고 있으나, 선호도는 성별이나 세대에 관계없이 폭 넓은 선호도를 반영하고 있으며, 이는 대학