• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.59-77
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• 1994

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2023

This paper theoretically explores the calculation of development impact fees focusing on urban growth, new urban development, developer, urban planner, housing, real estate market, community planning, community financing, local government, land use planning, public facilities, and development cost. Many questions related to who bears the burden of paying impact fees beg for answers based on empirical analysis. Those questions involve the extent to which landowners bear the burden, the effect of different levels of impact fees on the socioeconomic mix of communities, the distribution of fiscal benefits within a region where urban communities assess different levels of impact fees, and the preparedness of urban communities to accommodate development displaced by impact fees. Broader questions also relate to how urban and regional form is affected by differential application of impact fees throughout an area and whether money gained from the impact fees makes regional growth more or less efficient. Who ultimately pays development impact fees? There has been little empirical evaluation of how the market responds to development impact fees, but there is considerable information to suggest that, on the whole, the occupants - residents and users - pay the majority of the development impact fees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.316-319
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• 2007

복잡해지는 비즈니스로 인해 생산에 필요한 직접비용보다 유통${\cdot}$물류 등의 간접비용의 부담이 점차 증가추세를 보이고 있으며 그로 인해 기업의 부담이 커지고 있다. 최근 기존 마그네틱테이프나 바코드 등이 갖고 있는 구조적, 기능적 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 수단으로 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) 기술이 각광받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유통 및 물류 분야에서 각광받고 있는 RFID 기술을 물류 창고의 최적관리에 적용하여 봄으로써 이의 활용가능성에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

• 해운
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• no.3 s.49
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• pp.18-24
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• 2008

국제해사기구(IMO)의 선박재활용협약 세계적인 해운이슈로 부각되고 있다. 이는 동 협약이 발효될 경우 세계해운시장에 상당한 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 파괴력을 지녔기 때문이다. 동협약의 적용대상 선박은 총톤수 500톤이상 선박으로 현재 협약적용 대상선박은 약 5만여척에 달하고 있다. 이 협약이 발효되면 선주들은 협약 발효후 5년내 선내의 유해물질 조사, 목록을 작성하여 기국정부 인증후 증서를 유지하고, 선박재활용전 유해물질을 사전에 제거해야 하는 등 선주들의 비용부담이 가중될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 더구나, 문제의 핵심은 선박보유 자체가 부담이 되는 협약이라는 것이다. 다음은 선박재활용협약의 논의배경과 전망을 정리한 것이다.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: In establishing policies for agricultural safety, evaluating injury burdens as well as investigating the rates and characteristics of work injury is important. This study investigated the types and characteristics of agricultural injury subjective burdens. Methods: By analyzing the injured farmers identified in the 2013 Korean Farmers' Occupational Injury Survey, the burdens caused by injuries were categorized using one direct cost item (medical costs) and five indirect cost items (including productivity decreases and wage increases). Statistical differences among the burden items were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. Results: Among the subjective burdens indicated by the 457 injured farmers, disruption to work was most common. The major influences on each subjective burden item are as follows: for the item of disruption to work, age, time of injury occurrence, treatment period, and farming machine use were influential; for an increased family member's burden of farm works, the number of family members and treatment period were influential. Regarding cost burden of treatment, the results varied according to whether or not the patient was hospitalized and annual income. Conclusion: Subjective burdens induced by indirect costs rather than those induced by direct costs were found to be higher in ratio. In regard to each burden item, the results varied according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. To support injured farmer, setting goals to reduce indirect cost burdens and preparing concrete methods is necessary.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.174-184
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• 2018

The impact of regulations on industrial activities is significant. Because the food industry has to observe given obligations and bear costs and expenses resulted from complying with applicable food safety regulations. Meanwhile, A government drafts the regulatory impact analysis report prior to enactment, amendment or reinforcement of any regulations. The analysis powered by objective and scientific methodologies enable a government to judge whether a particular regulation will be good or bad for the society. An effective policy implementation in practice and cost-bearing is entirely up to industries. Moreover, opportunity cost and actual cost relating to or arising from regulatory compliance will be estimated only by the respective industries. Therefore, the food Industry needs to collect and accumulate the said information and also to disseminate their hardships and financial burdens. Objective and practical information will encourage a government to set out regulatory frameworks that rational policy making.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1421-1429
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• 2015

During the six years from 2006 to 2011, based on a study of projects with an area equivalent to or less than $2,700m^2$ located in Jeju self-governing province, it was shown, through comparison with the pre-existing calculation methods, that there were many problems with the application of the standard cost. Accounting for the uniqueness of Jeju province, the study suggested an alternative method for applying the standard cost, basing it on property usage of either urban area or non-urban area pursuant to the National Land Planning and Utilization Act rather than land type of either mountain area or non-mountain area, with the utilization of T-test and ANOVA raising the reliability of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.591-596
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• 2014

This study investigates the perception of the sunken costs of an urban development project, which is currently a social problem through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that local and federal governments, political authorities, association members, landowners, etc. partially recognize their responsibility in bearing the sunken cost. It is also found that all stakeholders who participated in the maintenance project felt shared responsibility of bearing the sunken costs and exchanging solutions to mitigate the same, rather than making one party deal with the same. This study also suggests that with regard to reducing these sunken costs, the public sector should offer indirect support (by bearing the cost of infrastructure, tax benefits, regulation relaxation, etc.) rather than direct support so that the association members can make a reasonable choice on the project execution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.427-437
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• 2001

중소기업의 경우 ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) 시스템 구축은 비용부담 때문에 개별적인 구축이 용이하지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구는 중소기업들의 비용부담을 해소하기 위한 ASP (Application Service Provider) 기반의 ERP 시스템을 제시한다. 시스템 개발에 있어, 한국의 중소기업 업무 현실을 반영한 체계적인 구현에 주안을 두었으며, 또한, 리눅스 환경의 안정성에 대한 장점의 활용과 데이터의 보안성 확보에도 많은 노력을 기울였다. 제시한 시스템을 통해 향후, 중소업체의 의사결정 수준 제고 및 생산성 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.475-479
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• 2003

도금에 따른 공업용수의 사용량이 단순히 PCB의 세척만을 위한 세척수 투입으로 인하여 도금 전 과정의 처리 비용에 비하여 과도하게 사용됨에 따라 도금에 소모되는 실제 비용보다는 오히려 공업 용수의 사용량과 같은 부가 비용으로 산업현장에 많은 부담이 되고 있다. 따라서 제조 산업의 경제적 비용 부담은 기하급수적으로 증가하고 결국 생산 단가의 상승으로 이어진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도금 공정에서 사용되는 세척 작업시 산.알카리에 따른 수소 이은 농도(H+)와 수산이온농도(OH+)를 제어 하기위한 방법으로 각종 제어기법을 이용하여 최적의 제어기를 설계하고자 하였으며, 이 결과는 세척수를 효율적으로 투입하여 귀중한 수자원을 절약함은 물론 생산 단가를 낮추어 경쟁력에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.