• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2016

Objectives: The study is to evaluate biological monitoring and risk assessment for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A resin exposed from waterproofing or finishing work in the apartment building construction. Methods: Subjected workers were working on spray-painting and waterproofing work for 8 hours per day every 20 days. The urine samples were collected at the end of 20 days working period. For urinary bisphenol A as metabolite from epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure, urine samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography mass-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Geometric means of urinary bisphenol A(BPA) with no hydrolysis and with enzymic hydrolysis(BPA-EH) in the workers were $1.10{\mu}g/L$ and $2.90{\mu}g/L$. BPA-EH was 4 times higher than that of control group. The factors for working period and ages did not affect the variation of BPA and BPA-EH. The levels for BPA and BPA-EH were not higher than 95th percentile for exposure on human-life environment. Conclusions: The BPA and BPA-EH were therefore effective biological markers for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure workers, but not seem to hazardous exposure level. Waterproofing work in construction workshop is required to measuring work environment and health care management for the workers.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.223
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• pp.97-117
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• 2011

식품의약품안전청은 유아용 젖병의 사전안전관리를 위하여 유아용 젖병 제조 시 비스페놀 A의 사용금지 규정을 신설하고, 국제기준과의 조화를 통한 기구 및 용기 포장의 안전확보를 위하여 기구 및 용기 포장 제조시에 사용되는 원료유래 유해물질에 대한 안전기준 신설하고자 기구 및 용기 포장의 기준 및 규격 중 일부를 개정고시했다. 본 고에서는 주요 내용과 함께 신구조문을 비교해 살펴보도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

This study was carried out to survey the pollution of bisphenol A(BPA) and total organic carbon(TOC) in surface sediments around Gwangyang bay. BPA is suspected chemicals as endocrine disruption. Gwangyang bay Is located on the mid south coast of Korea. It is a semi-closed bay which Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO(Pohang Steel Company) and Gwangyang container harbor are located. The surface sediments were collected at 15 stations with gravity corer at October, 1999, February, May and August, 2000. Also, the stream and intertidal sediment were collected at 5 sites at August, 2000. Concentrations of BPA in surface sediments were in the range of 0.46 to 24.59 ng/g dry wt.. Seasonal range(mean value) of BPA are 0.59 to 9.00(1.88) ng/g dry wt. at October, 0.99 to 2.97(1.57) ng/g dry wt. at February, 0.46 to 24.59(2.53)ng/g dry wt. at May and 0.54 to 2.46 (1.29)ng/g dry wt. at August. BPA was seasonally fluctuated, and the highest mean value and range were detected at May, 2000. BPA was highly distributed in the inner part of Kwangyang bay than Yosu sound. Concentrations of BPA in stream and intertidal sediments showed the highest value in downstream near Yochon petrochemical industrial complex and Yondung stream. It suggests that the source of BPA are industrial wastewater and municipal sewage. TOC in surface sediments were in the range of 0.09∼1.22%. There was no any correlation between the BPA and TOC.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2015

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was investigated using $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (Degussa P25) in this study. After a 3 hr photocatalytic reaction (${\lambda}=365nm$ and $I=3mW\;cm^{-2}$, $[TiO_2]=2.0g\;L^{-1}$), 98% of BPA ($1.0{\times}10^{-5}M$) was degraded and 89% of the total organic carbon was removed. In addition, BPA degradation by photolytic, hydrolytic and adsorption reactions was found to be 2%, 5% and 13%, respectively. The reaction rate of BPA degradation by photocatalysis decreased with increasing concentration of methanol that is used as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This indicates that the reaction between BPA and hydroxyl radical was the key mechanism of BPA degradation. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant for this reaction was determined to be $7.94{\times}10^{-4}min^{-1}$, and the time for 90% BPA removal was found to be 25 min. In addition, acute toxicity testing using Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 h old) was carried out to evaluate the reduction of BPA toxicity. Acute toxicity (48 hr) to D. magna was decreased from 2.93 TU (toxic unit) to non-toxic after photocatalytic degradation of BPA for 3 hr. This suggests that there was no formation of toxic degradation products from BPA photocatalysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.196-213
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• 2002

The alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring mode followed by three work-up methods for comparison; EPA method, isoBOC derivatization method and TBDMS derivatization method. Eleven phenols in water samples were extracted with dichloromethane. Also, solid-phase extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The recoveries were 85.1~109.9% (EPA method) and 90.3~126.6% (isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization), respectively. The method detection limit of bisphenol A for SIM were 0.732 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (EPA method), 0.002 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (isoBOC derivatization) and 0.021 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (TBDMS derivatization). The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9755~0.9981 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9908~0.9996 (TBDMS derivatization). When these methods were applied to treated wastewater sample from a polyethylene plant, the concentrations of 11 phenols were below the method detection limit.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2014

Nitrite-Type hydrocalumite (calumite) is a material that can adsorb chloride ions ($Cl^-$) that cause corrosion of reinforce bars and liberate the nitrite ions ($NO_2{^-}$) that inhibit corrosion in reinforced concrete. In this study, polymer-modified mortars using two types of epoxy resin with calumite are prepared with various polymer binder-ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20% and calumite contents of 0, 5%. The specimens are tested for chloride ion penetration, carbonation, drying shrinkage and corrosion inhibition. As a result, the chloride ion penetration and carbonation depth of PMM using epoxy resin somewhat increases with increasing calumite contents, but those remarkably decreases depending on the polymer-binder ratios. The 28-d drying shrinkage shows a tendency to decrease with increasing polymer-binder ratio and calumite content. Unmodified mortars with calumite content of 5% did not satisfy quality requirement by KS. However, it was satisfied with KS requirement by the modification of epoxy resin in cement mortar. On the whole, the carbonation and chloride ion penetration depth of epoxy-modified mortars with calumite is considerably improved with an increase in the polymer-binder ratio regardless of the calumite content, and is remarkably improved over unmodified mortar. And, the replacement of the portland cement with the calumite has a marked effect in the corrosion-inhibiting property of the epoxy-modified mortars.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

A white rot fungus Irpex lacteus produced lignin degrading enzymes, which showed degrading activity against various recalcitrant compounds. However, laccase, one of the lignin degrading enzymes, was too low to be assayed by spectrophotometry using o-tolidine as the chromogenic substrate in this fungus under various culture conditions. A laccase expression vector was constructed using a cDNA from Phlebia tremellosa with the constitutively expressed promoter of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and introduced into I. lacteus by the restriction enzyme mediated integration transformation through the protoplast-$CaCl_2$ procedure. Two transformants showed highly increased laccase activities at the early growth phase in the minimal liquid medium, and they not only degraded bisphenol A, a notorious endocrine disrupting chemical, but also removed the estrogenic activity effectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2007

Several studies regarding depolymerization of polycarbonate waste to get the essential monomer, bisphenol A, have been reported in recent years. However, those methods have some environmental safety problems of using highly toxic organic solvents as well as product separation problem due to the use of alkali catalyst. In this study, we proposed the combination of glycolysis and methanolysis to depolymerize the polycarbonate waste. Glycolysis reaction reached at the reaction equilibrium after about 180 minat 473.15K and dissolution of the polycarbonate was found to be a rate controlling step of the reaction. The yield of BPA was improved with the aid of combination of glycolysis and methanolysis. The methanolysis was carried out at a temperature range of $303.15K{\sim}363.15K$ and MeOH/PC molar ratio $0.5{\sim}3$. The yield of BPA had a maximum at 1.0 MeOH/PC molar ratio and increased with the reaction temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.435-441
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• 2014

Objectives: Bisphenol A, or BPA, is a chemical component in polycarbonate plastic with which many people come into contact every day. A great deal of controversy has arisen over its safety since this material, which is known to disrupt the human endocrine system and cause neurological difficulties and cancer, is commonplace in beverage containers, food can liners, and receipt paper rolls. In this study, we determined the levels of exposure to BPA of workers in the service industry depending on the number of receipts contacted. Methods: The participants were 16 male and 18 female workers employed in the service industry. Using a questionnaire, we investigated general and job characteristics. Urine samples were collected and analyzed by the LC-MS/MS technique after enzymatic hydrolysis and solid phase extraction (SPE). Results: The geometric mean (GM) concentration of urinary BPA from all subjects was 1.02 ng/ml. Workers were exposed significantly to more BPA according to the number of receipts they contacted, their work experience, and working hours per day. The BPA concentration of those who touched more than 100 receipts per day was 3.09 ng/ml, while that of the other participants was 0.61 ng/ml. It was shown that wearing gloves can protect from BPA exposure. Conclusion: We determined the urinary BPA concentrations of workers in service industry and found that the contact with receipts could increase the BPA exposure of service workers.