• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.527-531
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• 2005

지진해일파는 풍파에 비해 파장이 매우 길어 장파로 간주되지만 조석에 비하면 파장이 짧아 상대적으로 분산성이 강하므로, 먼거리를 전파하는 경우에는 분산성을 고려하여 해석하여야 한다. 특히 동해에서 발생하는 지진해일의 경우 파원이 작고 수심이 깊어 단주기파 성분이 강하므로 그 물리적인 분산효과가 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지진해일 수치모의시 임의로 구성된 유한요소망과 양해법을 사용하면서도 복잡한 Boussinesq 방정식 대신 간단한 Boussinesq-type의 파동방정식을 사용하면서도 물리적 분산효과를 정도 높게 고려할 수 있는 능동적인 분산보정기법을 이용한 2차원 유한요소모형을 개발하여 가상진원에 의해 발생된 2차원 지진해일 전파에 대하여 수치모의한 결과, 요소크기와 시간간격이 고정되었음에도 불구하고 다양한 수심에 대해 선형 Boussinesq 방정식의 해석해와 매우 잘 일치하는 좋은 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

This study evaluated the effect of vibration, level of lateral yielding strength, site conditions, ductility factor, strain-hardening ratio, and post-capping ratio of the strength limited bilinear SDF systems on the inelastic displacement ratio. The nonlinear response history analysis was conducted using 240 ground motions which were collected at the sites classified as site classes B, C, and D according to the NEHRP. To account for the P-$\Delta$ effects, this study considered negative stiffness ratios ranging from -0.1 to -0.5 of elastic stiffness. Four different damping ratios are used: 2, 5, 10, and 20%. From this study, an equation of inelastic displacement ratio was proposed using nonlinear regression analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.142-146
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• 2017

지진해일의 수리특성을 분석하기 위하여 유사한 파형특성을 가진 고립파를 많이 이용하고 있다. 그러나 고립파의 근사파형은 실제 지진해일에 비해 상당히 좁은 파형분포를 가지고 있다. 이에 수치모의에서는 기존의 고립파 근사식을 개량하여 고립파형의 지진해일을 수치적으로 생성하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진해일의 파형분포에 따른 월파특성을 수치적으로 조사하기 위하여 개량된 고립파 근사식을 2차원 N-S solver에서 적용하였다. 이것에 기초하여 수치파동수조에 직립호안과 그 배후에는 월파수조를 설치하고, 지진해일 월파량을 측정하였다. 수치해석결과로부터 직립호안 주변의 공간파형과 마루 위의 유속분포로부터 파형분포에 따른 월파현상을 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 기존 고립파 근사이론 대비 개량된 고립파의 체적비에 따른 월파량 변화를 정량적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 지진해일의 체적비가 증가할수록 월파량이 거의 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

The actual hysteretic behavior of structural elements and systems is closer to smooth hysteretic behavior than piece-wise linear behavior. This paper presents a methodology for computing the constant-ductility inelastic response spectra for smooth hysteretic behaviors. The effect of the hysteretic smoothness on the inelastic response spectra for acceleration, displacement, and input energy is evaluated. The results indicate that increasing smoothness in the hysteretic behavior decreases the inelastic response spectra.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.5 s.51
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

In seismic response analysis of building structures, the input ground accelerations have considerable effect on the nonlinear response characteristics of structures. The characteristics of soil and the locality of the site where those ground motions were recorded affect on the contents of earthquake waves. Therefore, it is difficult to select appropriate input ground motions for seismic response analysis. This study describes a generation of artificial earthquake wave compatible with seismic design spectrum, and also evaluates the nonlinear response spectra by the simulated earthquake motions. The artificial earthquake wave are generated according to the previously recorded earthquake waves in past earthquake events. The artificial wave have identical phase angles to the recorded earthquake wave, and their overall response spectra are compatible with seismic design spectrum with 5% critical viscous damping. Each simulated earthquake wave has a identical phase angles to the original recorded ground acceleration, and match to design spectra in the range of period from 0.02 to 10.0 seconds. The seismic response analysis is performed to examine the nonlinear response characteristics of SDOF system subjected to the simulated earthquake waves. It was concluded that the artificial earthquake waves simulated in this paper are applicable as input ground motions for a seismic response analysis of building structures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2021

Retaining walls have been used to prevent slope failure through resistance of earth pressure in railway, road, nuclear power plant, dam, and river infrastructure. To calculate dynamic earth pressure and determine the characteristics for seismic behavior, many researchers have analyzed the nonlinear response of ground and structure based on various numerical analyses (FLAC, PLAXIS, ABAQUS etc). In addition, seismic fragility evaluation is performed to ensure safety against earthquakes for structures. In this study, we used the FLAC2D program to understand the seismic response of the inverted T-type wall with a backfill slope, and evaluated seismic fragility based on relative horizontal displacements of the wall. Nonlinear site response analysis was performed for each site (S2 and S4) using the seven ground motions to calculate various seismic loadings reflecting site characteristics. The numerical model was validated based on other numerical models, experiment results, and generalized formula for dynamic active earth pressure. We also determined the damage state and damage index based on the height of retaining wall, and developed the seismic fragility curves. The damage probabilities of the retaining wall for the S4 site were computed to be larger than those for the S2 site.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

The ground-structure interaction of the bridge foundation has been pointed out as a major factor influencing the behavior of the bridge during earthquakes. In this study, the effect of characteristics of ground and bridge foundation on the earthquake vulnerability is investigated. From the pseudo-static analysis, it is confirmed that non-linearity becomes lesser and horizontal load becomes greater when surcharge is considered. It is also found that as the ground worsens and the size of foundation decreases, horizontal load reduces. To derive reasonable structural model for bridge foundation, fragility curve is obtained considering four conditions (fixed condition, equivalent linear condition, non-linear without surchage condition, non-linear with surcharge condition) and compared. Seismic analysis is performed on single pier with Opensees. From the earthquake vulnerability analysis, it is found that shallow foundation can be assumed as fixed condition. In conservative approach, stiffness of spring can be obtained based on Korean highway bridge design code for pile foundation which can consider the ground condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.5 s.60
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• pp.577-591
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• 2002

This study presented a composite beam element for modeling the inelastic behavior of the steel beam, which has composite slabs in steel moment frames that are subjected to earthquake ground motions. The effects of composite slabs on the seismic behavior of steel moment frames were investigated. The element can be considered as a single-component series hinge type model whose predicted analytical results were consistent with the experimental results. Likewise, the element showed a significantly better performance than the bare steel beam elements. The composite model can also predict more accurately the local deformation demands and overall response of structural systems under earthquake loading compared with the bare steel models. Therefore, composite stabs can significantly affect locally and globally predicted responses of steel moment frames.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2017

Aseismic designs of pile-supported wharves are commonly performed utilizing simplified dynamic analyses, such as multi-mode spectral analyses. Simplified analyses can be useful for evaluating the limit state of structures. However, several pile-supported wharves, that have been damaged during past earthquakes, have shown that soil deformation and soil-pile dynamic interaction significantly affect the entire behavior of structures. Such behavior can be captured by performing nonlinear effective stress analyses, which can properly consider the dynamic interactions among the soil-pile-structure. The present study attempts to investigate the earthquake performance of a pile-supported wharf utilizing a three-dimensional numerical method. The damaged pile-supported wharf at the Kobe Port during the Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake (1995) is selected to verify the applicability of the numerical modeling. Analysis results showed a suitable agreement with the observations on the damaged wharf, and the significant effect of excess pore pressure development and pile-soil dynamic interaction on the seismic performance of the wharf.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.69
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• pp.24-38
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• 2005