Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2021.41.5.0533

Seismic Fragility Evaluation of Inverted T-type Wall with a Backfill Slope Considering Site Conditions  

Seo, Hwanwoo (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)
Kim, Byungmin (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)
Park, Duhee (Hanyang University)
Publication Information
KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research / v.41, no.5, 2021 , pp. 533-541 More about this Journal
Abstract
Retaining walls have been used to prevent slope failure through resistance of earth pressure in railway, road, nuclear power plant, dam, and river infrastructure. To calculate dynamic earth pressure and determine the characteristics for seismic behavior, many researchers have analyzed the nonlinear response of ground and structure based on various numerical analyses (FLAC, PLAXIS, ABAQUS etc). In addition, seismic fragility evaluation is performed to ensure safety against earthquakes for structures. In this study, we used the FLAC2D program to understand the seismic response of the inverted T-type wall with a backfill slope, and evaluated seismic fragility based on relative horizontal displacements of the wall. Nonlinear site response analysis was performed for each site (S2 and S4) using the seven ground motions to calculate various seismic loadings reflecting site characteristics. The numerical model was validated based on other numerical models, experiment results, and generalized formula for dynamic active earth pressure. We also determined the damage state and damage index based on the height of retaining wall, and developed the seismic fragility curves. The damage probabilities of the retaining wall for the S4 site were computed to be larger than those for the S2 site.
Keywords
Seismic fragility; Inverted T-type wall; Backfill slope; Site characteristics;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Argyroudis, S., Kaynia, A. M. and Pitilakis, K. (2013). "Development of fragility functions for geotechnical constructions: Application to cantilever retaining walls." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 50, pp. 106-116.   DOI
2 Chiou, J. S., Chiang, C. H., Yang, H. H. and Hsu, S. Y. (2011). "Developing fragility curves for a pile-supported wharf." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 830-840.   DOI
3 Coulomb, C. A. (1776). "Essay on maximums and minimums of rules to some static problems relating to architecture." Academie Royale Des Sciences, Vol. 7, pp. 343-382 (in French).
4 Darendeli, M. B. (2001). Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves, Ph.D. Dissertation, Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
5 Huang, Y., Hu, H. and Xiong, M. (2019). "Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of retaining walls based on the probability density evolution method." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 103-112.   DOI
6 Itasca (2011). FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) user's manual-dynamic analysis, Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis, MN.
7 Jo, S. B., Ha, J. G., Yoo, M. T., Choo, Y. W. and Kim, D. W. (2014). "Seismic behavior of an inverted T-shape flexible retaining wall via dynamic centrifuge tests." Bulleting of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 12, pp. 961-980.   DOI
8 Green, R. A. and Ebeling, R. M. (2002). "Seismic analysis of cantilever retaining walls, Phase I." Earthquake Engineering Research Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC, USA.
9 Green, R. A., Olgun, C. G. and Cameron, W. I. (2008). "Response and modeling of cantilever retaining walls subjected to seismic motions." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 23, pp. 309-322.   DOI
10 Hashash, Y. M. A., Musgrove, M. I., Harmon, J. A., Ilhan, O., Xing, G., Groholski, D. R., Phillips, C. A. and Park, D. (2020). DEEPSOIL 7.0, User Manual, Urbana, IL, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
11 Lysmer, J. and Kuhlemeyer, R. L. (1969). "Finite dynamic model for infinite media." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 95, No. 4, pp. 859-77.
12 Kim, J. S., Lim, J. H., Jung, Y. S., Kwon, M. H. (2018). "Seismic fragility evaluation of retaining wall by 2D finite element analysis." Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 21-27 (in Korean).   DOI
13 Kim, W. C., Park, D. and Kim, B. (2010). "Development of a generalised formula for dynamic active earth pressure." Geotechnique, Vol. 60, No. 9, pp. 723-727.   DOI
14 Lee, J. S., Chae, H. G., Kim, D. S., Jo, S. B. and Park, H. J. (2015). "Numerical analysis of inverted T-type wall under seismic loading." Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 66, pp. 85-95.   DOI
15 Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MOLIT) (2008). Standardized shop drawings of retaining wall (in Korean).
16 Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) (2017). Study on seismic reinforcement plans for existing transmission and distribution cable tunnels and electric facilities around the Yangsan fault (in Korean).
17 Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) (2017). Minimum requirements for seismic design, Sejong, Korea (in Korean).
18 Okabe, S. (1924). "General theory on earth pressure and seismic stability of retaining walls and dams." Journal of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 1277-1323.
19 Rankine, W. J. M. (1857). "On the stability of loose earth." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Vol. 1, pp. 9-27.
20 Kakderi, K. and Pitilakis, K. (2010). "Seismic analysis and fragility curves of gravity waterfront structures." International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics.
21 Matasovic, N. (1993). Seismic response of composite horizontally-layered soil deposits, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
22 Mononobe, N. and Matsuo, O. (1929). "On the determination of earth pressure during earthquakes." In: Proceeding of the World Engineering Congress, Vol. 9, pp. 179-187.
23 Zamiran, S. and Osouli, A. (2018). "Seismic motion response and fragility analyses of cantilever retaining walls with cohesive backfill." Soils and Foundations, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 412-426.   DOI