• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.939-947
• /
• 2010

The Golden ratio which was started to be use by Eudoxos, Greek mathematician, is being used as a tool to explain beauty in various fields like architecture, art, society, nature and so on. In addition, people not only use the golden ratio, also use obesity to consider a standard of beauty. This study's subjects are students of H university. We researched their Golden ratios of their whole body, upper body and lower body. Also, to research their obesity levels, we used Obesity degree, Waist-hip ratio and Percent body fat. According to different features of the subjects, we study differences between the golden ratio and obesity and how the golden ratio of body affects obesity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.145-146
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 남성의 하반신을 촬영한 MRI 영상으로부터 전립선을 분할하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 우선 3 차원 입체 영상을 학습하기 위해 3D 컨볼루션 계층(convolutional layer) 및 3D 풀링 계층(pooling layer)에 기반한 네트워크를 제안한다. 다음으로 네트워크의 최후단에 해당하는 전연결 계층(fully connected layer)의 강인한 학습을 돕는 잡음 계층을 제안한다. 잡음 계층은 네트워크의 학습 파라미터 혹은 출력 영상에 가우시안 잡음를 더함으로써 드롭 아웃과 같이 훈련 영상에 대한 과적합(overfitting)을 막고 테스트 영상에 강인한 네트워크의 학습을 돕는다. 마지막으로 실험을 통해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 우수한 분할 성능을 보임을 확인한다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1990

An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.904-910
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study is to help out-size consumers purchase the ready-made clothes and improve clothing fitness by classifying the lower bodies of abdomen-obese adult males and by setting up some size system according to each size interval of obesity types. The including criteria for subjects in this study was over 25 kg/$m^2$ of the BMI, over 90 cm of waist, and over 0.85 of WHR, and a total of 538 adult males satisfying them were enrolled. Results are as follows; 1st, the higher the age bracket was, the more increase in each age bracket's lower-degree obesity rate there was along with the more decrease in moderate-degree, while the higher the age bracket was, the more increasing tendency toward each age bracket's abdominal obesity there was. 2nd, 3 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis, into abdominal obesity, high-degree-type, trapezoid-type and cylinder-type. And 3rd, as a consequence of size system establishment according to lower-body types, the basic body sizes and reference body sizes were different according to types even in commonly-appeared size names at sections of respective types. The research findings above suggests that it is necessary to figure out the obesity types according to waist and hip sizes representing basic sizes and to design the patterns in consideration of the characteristics of obese body shapes when lower-half body clothes are designed among obesity groups. And it may be used as a basic data to decide the desirable output of production according to respective body types.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.495-503
• /
• 2020

This study classified lower body shape according to thigh and waist shape to improve the fit of skinny blue jeans in adult women in their 20s. We analyzed the three-dimensional automatic measurement data, three-dimensional indirect measurement data, and index data using the three-dimensional female (20-29 years old) body scan data provided by Size Korea (6^th Korean Human Dimensional Survey Project). Factor analysis was performed to classify body type. We selected and analyzed 34 items related to thigh shape based on index items, angle items, and protrusion amount items from 99 items; consequently, seven factors were extracted and 82.39% of the total variance was explained. Cluster analysis according to factor analysis classified it into 4 types, and a post-test Duncan test was conducted to classify thigh features according to classified types. As a result, the characteristics of lower body shape according to the thigh types of women in their 20s are as follows. Lower Body Type 1 is shape with a more prominent belly and less prominent thighs. Lower Body Type 2 is a slender body figure with larger hips. Lower Body Type 3 has more prominent thighs compared to the waist and belly. Lower Body Type 4 has both a prominent belly and prominent thighs.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 1999

The aims of this study is to classify the lower somatotype of adult women and appearance analysis on the shape of flare skirts by using the image processing. Also We have made skirts in order to analyze the various types of appearance of flare skirts by using the image processing. The subjects for our wear test lower somatotype, who were controlled in their waist, abdomen and hip shapes. The flare skirts used for wear test were 112 types(combinated 14 fabric type and 8 lower somatotype). The effect of lower somatotype on the shape of flare skirts was determined by the horizontally hem line section shape and the silhouette of flare skirts with image processing. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and Turkey, Duncan multiple range test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: It is shown that the fabric weight elongation differs in fabrics properties, in direction of textures. The shape horizontal section of flare skirt hem line has differed with the number of nodes, wave-height of nodes and breadth of silhouette by fabrics properties and lower somatotype. It is noticed that the breadth of flare skirts by the silhouette has high correlation with the drape ability of fabrics and lower somatotype. Results for our flare skirts show changes in amplitude and mean with fabrics, somatotype. Therefore we can say that gray-level histograms are correlated with changes in appearance, differences in drape spacing and related fabric properties and their somatotype.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.405-416
• /
• 2008

Background: Spinal cord ischemic injury during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries remains a potentially devastating outcome despite using various methods of protection. Neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel antagonists are known to provide neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic models. This study was designed to compare the neuroprotective effects of phenytoin with those of hypothermia in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. Material and Method: Spinal cord ischemia was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by means of infrarenal aortic cross clamping for 25 minutes. Four groups of 8 animals each were studied. The control group and the hypothermia group received retrograde infusion of saline only ($22^{\circ}C$, 2 mL/min); the normothermic phenytoin group and the hypothermicphenytoin group received retrograde infusion of 100 mg of phenytoin at different rectal temperatures ($39^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively) during the ischemic period. The neurologic function was assessed at 24 and 72 hours after the operation with using the modified Tarlov criteria. The spinal cords were harvested after the final neurologic examination for histopathological examination to objectively quantify the amount of neuronal damage. Result: No major adverse effects were observed with the retrograde phenytoin infusion during the aortic ischemic period. All the control rabbits became severely paraplegic, Both the phenytoin group and the hypothermia group had a better neurological status than did the control group (p < 0.05). The typical morphological changes that are characteristic of neuronal necrosis in the gray matter of the control animals were demonstrated by means of the histopathological examination, whereas phenytoin or hypothermia prevented or attenuated these necrotic phenomena (p < 0.05). The number of motor neuron cells positive for TUNEL staining was significantly reduced, to a similar extent, in the rabbits treated with phenytoin or hypothermia. Phenytoin and hypothermia had some additive neuroprotective effect, but there was no statistical significance between the two on the neurological and histopathological analysis. Conclusion: The neurological and histopathological analysis consistently demonstrated that both phenytoin and hypothermia may afford significant spinal cord protection to a similar extent during spinal cord ischemia in rabbits, although no significant additive effects were noticed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.12 s.159
• /
• pp.1690-1696
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data useful in designing apparel patterns for aged abdominal obese women. The body measurements of 318 women were taken at random, whose ages were over 60 and fields of action were colleges, sports centers, or business sites in Seoul and the neighboring districts. A total of 33 features in the upper body and lower body were used fer the anthropometric measurement and analysis using anthropometry. The collected measurement data were processed statistically using the SPSS 12.0 program for technical statistical analysis, t-test, frequency analysis, correlation analysis. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Subjects were classified into two groups as a result of analysis for measurement data. It was revealed that 251(about 79 percent) women of total subjects(n=318) have a characteristic of abdominal obese body type and elderly women of these group usually had big abdomen rather than hip. The criteria of abdominal obesity based on waist-hip ratio, WHR(=0.85). 2. Aged abdominal obese women have shown much larger size in most body measurements except items of some vertical length, such as bust ponit-bust point, font interscye, back interscye with circumference and depth of armscye, bust, waist, abdomen and hip while showing no difference in height, biacrominal breadth, hip width, neck shoulder point to breast point, crotch length. 3. Vervaeck index(=100.1) and Rohrer index(=1.7) indicated that the abdominal obese women were fat in overall body. And aspect ratio of waist(=0.86), abdomen(=0.92) and hip(=0.75) also appeared high that the shape of cross sections in those regions was similar to a figure of circle 4. In view of the correlation coefficient between hip circumference and the rest measurement items, and between hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion and the rest measurement items, there were found some differences for each group. In case of Group (abdominal obese group), the former is smaller than the other. 5. In case of Abdominal obese women, hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion is more mutually related to the rest items related to make apparel pattern as waist circumference, depth of armscye and so on than what hip circumference is. This result indicated which must be considered hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion to make apparel patterns for abdominal obese women unlike women of common body types.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.126
• /
• pp.79-108
• /
• 2013

Is the development of linguistic competence due to the learning process or the maturational process? According to Piaget, its development is a genuine learning process involving authentic constructions with gradual disclosure of new possibilities. But According to Chomsky, the acquisition of linguistic competence is due to a genetically conditioned maturational process. So it merely involves the actualization of a set of possibilities existing from the beginning Consequently, Piaget supposes that interaction with the environment plays a shaping role, while Chomsky allows it to have a mere triggering role. In broad respective, Chomsky supposes the rationalism that knowledge is largely inborn, while Piaget in the constructivist position which strives to find a middle course between radical rationalism and radical empiricism. In the one hand, an ultra-rationalistic concept such as 'fixed nucleus' supposed by Chomsky is, in my eye, nor plausible. In the other hand, if Piagetian constructivism is to be sustained, it must be sustained independently of its dubious biological fundament, and merely as a developmental psychological theory. In one word, we need to synthesize Piagetian cognitive approach and Chomskian syntactical, in order to explain exactly the source of human linguistic competence.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.18 no.1 s.39
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perception of body size on actual clothing style in middle school girls. To achieve this, this study analyzed self-perception of body size, aspired clothing style, and actual clothing style. By classifying groups into thin and thick, the difference in clothing style according to groups was also analyzed. Subjects of this study were middle school girls in Gwangju and 219 responses were collected from real body measurement and questionnaires. WIN SPSS+10.0 package was used to obtain results. Results are as follows: 1. For the self-perception of body size, middle school girls perceived much thicker in the lower body than the upper body. And they were unsatisfactory about the lower body which was perceived thick. 2. In the correlation of actual and aspired clothing style of middle school girls, they wore a aspired clothing style actually. Their actual or aspired upper clothing style was to cover the skin, exposing or covering a body silhouette. Their lower clothing style was a slacks type that covers a body silhouette and the skin. 3. In selecting actual clothing styles, middle school girls were somewhat affected by self-perceived body size. But they did not prefer the clothing styles perceived thick in girth or big in width in exposing the skin or a body silhouette. On the other hand, as it was perceived long, wearing was increased. frequently wore the upper and lower clothing styles of exposing the skin or a body silhouette than the thick group. But both groups wore the clothing styles of covering the skin or a body silhouette regardless of their thinness and thickness. And when wearing the clothing style of exposing neck and shoulder, middle school girls considered actual body size more than self-perceived size. On the other hand, when wearing the clothing style of exposing arms and silhouette by fitted legs, they considered self-perceived body size more.