• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 1984

New formulas to determine the critical elastic buckling load of long tapered columns are given. This study is restricted to solid round or rectangular columns with fixed-free ends as often used in highway design. The exact solution of the differential equation of the deflection curve is expressed in terms of Bessel Function and the solution is numerically evaluated using Bisection method by computer. In the F.E.M analysis of columns under their own weight, the stability problem can be resulted in a eigen value problem of conservative system. Approximate solution by the F.E.M is evaluted numerically using Jacobi method and compared with exact solution of the prismatic column to increase the precision. In addition, critical buckling load of the tapered column for every shape factor and ratio of cross-sectional change (Diameter of bottom end/Diameter of upper end) was converted into a comparable expression to critical buckling load of the prismatic column.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 1996

It is well-known that the hearing strength in vertical joints of precast concrete large panel system is affected by grout compressive strength angle of shear key and bearing area. 21 vertical joint specimens were tested to investigate the effects of these parameters The analysis of test results shows that : 1. The higher be grout compressive strength, the higher will shear strength be. And the bearing strength does not so increase in proportion of bearing area. 2. The shear key with the angle of $20^{\circ}$shows the highest bearing strength among three angle variables of $20^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1999

In this study, fifteen reinforced high-strength lightweight concrete(HLC)beams were tested to investigate shear behavior of specimens according to shear reinforcement ratio. Test variables are shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d=2.5, 3.5, 4.5) and shear reinforcement ratio(0~1.0${\rho}_{v,ACI}$). Concrete compressive strength and tensile steel reinforcement ratio are constantly 439kg/$cm^2$ and 0.0203, respectively. Test results for the HLC beams showed that ACI code equation underestimates the shear strength of concrete($V_c$), and overestimates the shear strength of shear reinforcements($V_s$). It is revealed that the effectivenesses of shear reinforcements of reinforced HLC beams are lower than those of normal weight concrete beams. Then, the shear strengths of shear reinforcements are increased in proportion not to first degree of shear reinforcement ration but to square root of them.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2015

Effects of aeration intensity on local fouling were investigated in submerged membrane modules. Higher liquid velocities were observed at the section with the lower fiber packing density. The liquid velocity is increased with increasing the gas-liquid injection factor. The high shear stress coincided with the high liquid velocity. The shear stress increases with the increasing of gas-liquid injection factor and the liquid velocity improves with the increasing of gas-liquid injection factor. Irreversible fouling resistance ($R_{ir}$) of the fiber position is significant in a local region of high suction pressure near the suction point of the fiber (position 1). The ratio of $R_{ir}/R_m$ and $R_{ir}/R_r$ of position 1 was highest compared to the position 2 and 3. Irreversible fouling resistances results confirmed the preferential deposition of foulants near the suction part of the fiber where the local suction pressure is the highest and correspondingly, more particles are accumulated to the membrane surface. The effects of local fouling along the fiber length are significant factors to optimize the design of submerged modules.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.2270-2275
• /
• 2008

수문학적 하도추적법의 하나인 Muskingum 모형은 미 육군공병단(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)에 의해서 미국 Ohio 주의 Muskingum 유역에 홍수조절계획으로 처음 사용되었으며 모형의 구조 및 입력자료의 단순성에 비하여 비교적 우수한 결과를 모의할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 1938년 McCarthy에 의해서 개발되었고 구간내 총저류량은 prism 저류와 wedge 저류로 구분하여 prism 저류는 유출량에 wedge 저류는 유입량과 유출량의 차에 직접 비례한다는 가정하에 추적식을 개발하였다. 이후 지속적인 연구가 이뤄져 1985년 O'Donnel은 측방유입량(lateral inflow)을 상류단의 유입량에 비례하는 형태로 3-매개변수 muskingum 모형을 제안하여 추적계수의 결정을 선형대수(linear algebra)에서 동차(homogeneous)연립방정식 해를 구하는 Cramer 법칙인 matrix 기법을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 홍수사상으로부터 측방유입량이 고려되고 추적계수 결정에 있어서 직접 계산이 가능한 O'Donnel(1985)이 제안한 3-매개변수 muskingum 모형을 적용하였다. 추적계수들의 결정은 직접 matrix 기법을 적용하였고 적용대상은 낙동강 유역의 낙동 지점을 상류단으로 구미 지점을 하류단으로 선정하였다. 홍수사상은 낙동강 유량측정 조사사업 2005년${\sim}$2007년 보고서에 수록된 수문자료를 선정하여 관측치와 계산치를 비교하였고 홍수사상에 적용하여 수문곡선을 추정하였으며, 각각의 매개변수가 추적구간에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 변수간의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 관측치와 계산치의 적합도 검증은 평균제곱근오차(root mean squar error; RMSE)와 모형 효율성 계수(model efficiency; ME)를 산정하여 분석하였으며, 하도 구간내 저류량은 대상구간에 대한 유입량과 유출량의 가중합에 비례한다는 선형모형을 적용하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 1998

Developing robot hands with multi-degree-of-freedom is one of the topics that researchers have recently begun to improve the limitation by adding flexibility and dexterity. In this study, an articulated servo-pneumatic robot hand system with direct-drive joints has been developed whose main feature is the minimization of the dimension. The servo-pneumatic system is advantageous to fabricate a dexterous robot hand system due to the high torque-to-weight and torque-to-volume ratio. This enables the design of a finger joint with an integrated rotary vane type actuator which produces high output torque without reduction gears, being very robust. In order to control the servo-pneumatic finger joints, a miniature proportional valve that can be attached to the robot hand is required. In this paper, a flapper nozzle type 4/3-way proportional directional valve has been designed and tested. The experimental results show that the developed valve can control a finger joint satisfactorily without much vibratory joint movements and acoustic noises.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 1998

This paper presents in-process compensation methodology to eliminate cutter runout and improve machined surface quality. The cutter runout compensation system consists of the micro-positioning mechanism with the PZT (piezo-electric translator) which is embeded in the sliding table to manipulate the radial depth of cut in real time. For the implementation of cutter runout compensation methodology. cutting force adaptive control was proposed in the angle domain based upon PI (proportional-integral) control strategy to eliminate chip-load change in end milling process. Micro-positioning control due to adaptive acuation force response improves the machined surface quality by compensation or elimination of cutter runout induced cutting force variation. This results will provide lots of information to build-up the precision machining technology.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 1993

Nowadays, the cartridge valve can be controlled proportionally in remote place by adopting proportional solenoid and it becomes widely used as control component in hydraulic systems. Especially, multi stage proportional valve is attractive because it consumes less input power though its characteristics might slightly be defected. But, the system parameter should be carefully chosen to obtain optimistic characteristics. This study concerning three stage proportional throttle control valve is purposed to examine the influences of paameters to the dynamic characteristics. The typical transient and frequency responses of proportional throttle control valve were inspected through the experiments and compared to those derived from the theoritical analyses. And it was confirmed that the analyses are appropriate. Then the influences of various system parameters to the dynamic characteristics were examined by means of simulations. For the analyses, the basic equations derived from lumped model were linearized and the linearized equations were transformed to the transfer functions between inputs and outputs. Then the transient responses and frequency responses were obtained from transfer functions. 1. It is appropriate to estimate the dynamic characteristics of valve which has relatively sophisticated structure by means of system analyses using linearized equations. 2. Though the valve has two pilot stages, fairly good characteristics can be obtained by carefully choosing system parameters. 3. Main valve very quickly follows the movement of second pilot valve when the parameters of main valve(the oil supply passage and discharge passage fpr second pilot valve) are appropriately chosen.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.6A
• /
• pp.643-651
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we analyze the performance of normalized SNR based proportional fair scheduling with partial feedback information for multiuser MIMO-OFDMA systems. The closed form expression on the downlink capacity of the selective partial CQI feedback scheme is derived and its asymptotic behavior is investigated. From the performance analysis and numerical results, it is found that the optimal growth rate of downlink capacity can be achieved with bounded average feedback overhead irrespective of the number of users.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.99-121
• /
• 2009

This study analyzed the difficulty trend of item which are common with TIMSS 1999, 2003, 2007 and are released since TIMSS 2007. The results show that the 7th curriculum has positive effects on the students' achievement in the domain such as spatial sense of rotation, ratio proportion percent, pattern, calculation of decimal numbers, concept of angle, area of triangle, and qualitative approach to graph. And the results leaved the consideration for the process of scoring, teaching method of statistical probability concept, and making table as a problem solving method.