• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1985

Some characteristics of the resistance induced by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on near-isogenic barley leaves were evaluated. Inoculation of heat-killed incompatible inducer conidia did not protect barley leaves against compatible challenger race when the inducer inoculum was removed prior to inoculation of challenger. However, the colony formation of challenger race was greatly reduced by 87.1 to $91.2\%$ when the heat-killed inducer inoculum was not removed from the leaves. Although incompatible inducer conidia were removed before they penetrate the host cell, colony formation of challenger was markedly decreased without change in its infection type. After penetrating the host cell by inducer, however, a change in infection types occurred on the challenged leaves. Irrespective of compatibility of previously inoculated inducer on middle part of leaves, there was no reduction in colony formation of challenger race both on the adjacent acropetal and basipetal parts of the same leaves free of inducer inoculation. The colonies formed on the basipetal part by challenger race showed normal 4 type, whereas the infection type of colonies formed on the acropetal part was somewhat changed, thereby sporulation being reduced. The possibility of translocation of resistance-inducing factors was discussed.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1996

We propose a statistical test for the nonlinear combiner logics which are usually combined with two maximal Linear Feedback Shift Registers and generate pseudorandom bit sequences. This test uses the mutual information between the output and set of inputs which will be a random variable and its distribution is obeyed to an approximate $\{chi}^2$ -distribution. We adopt this statistic to a $\{chi}^2$ -test of independence by using contingency table. We also apply a proposed test to some non-linear crptosystems and show that this useful to evaluate the strength of the cryptosystems.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. Software process improvement helps in finishing with reliable software product. Infinite failure NHPP software reliability models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this study, reliability software cost model considering shape parameter based on life distribution from the process of software product testing was studied. The cost comparison problem of the Lomax distribution reliability growth model that is widely used in the field of reliability presented. The software failure model was used the infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process model. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted. For analysis of software cost model considering shape parameter. In the process of change and large software fix this situation can scarcely avoid the occurrence of defects is reality. The conditions that meet the reliability requirements and to minimize the total cost of the optimal release time. Studies comparing emissions when analyzing the problem to help kurtosis So why Kappa efficient distribution, exponential distribution, etc. updated in terms of the case is considered as also worthwhile. In this research, software developers to identify software development cost some extent be able to help is considered.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. Infinite failure NHPP software reliability models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this paper, reliability software cost model considering logarithmic and exponential fault detection rate based on observations from the process of software product testing was studied. Adding new fault probability using the Goel-Okumoto model that is widely used in the field of reliability problems presented. When correcting or modifying the software, finite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process model. For analysis of software reliability model considering the time-dependent fault detection rate, the parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation of inter-failure time data was made. The logarithmic and exponential fault detection model is also efficient in terms of reliability because it (the coefficient of determination is 80% or more) in the field of the conventional model can be used as an alternative could be confirmed. From this paper, the software developers have to consider life distribution by prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes which can be able to help.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.755-762
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• 2013

In this paper we consider the NHPP software reliability model. And we deal with the maximum likelihood estimation and the Bayesian estimation with conjugate prior for parameter inference in the mean value function of Goel-Okumoto model (1979). The parameter estimates for the proposed model is presented by MLE and Bayes estimator in data set. We compare the predicted number of faults with the actual data set using the proposed mean value function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.161-172
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to classify, evaluate and grade the existing highway tunnels to increase landscape and natural statistics keeping the structural safety about tunnel gates area and induce the ones that will be constructed in the future by drawing the improvements and restoring the techniques as an environment-friendly. To examine the types of tunnel gate area, total 54 tunnels were investigated by selecting Gyeongbu Expressway, Yeongdong Expressway, and Jungang Expressway. Tunnel entrances and exit ports were classified as a Wall-closed type and Protruding type, which is based on tunnel gate type. Vegetation Landscape types were classified as Multilayer-Same as the surrounding landscape_(MS), Multilayer-Difference of surrounding landscape_(MD), Single layer-Same as the surrounding landscape_(SS), Single layer-Difference of surrounding landscape_(SD), and a Desolate type which based on vegetation layers and environment-friendly. Potential vegetation recovery was identified based on the structural stability and revegetation potential of the tunnel. The factors include the structural stability of the slope height and slope gradient were selected. Revegetation potential was identified as a growth potential. This factor was used in the step to classify vegetation recovery potential of a tunnel. The result, which investigated the types of tunnel entrances and exit parts has found that the most typical in 33 places was a Wall closed type with 61.1% of the total ones. The case of vegetation landscape types was created but different from the ones surrounding it with 85.2% of the total ones. It is judged that the currently constructed vegetation of tunnel entrance and exit parts had put convenience on the safety and management before landscape consideration. In addition, tunnel entrance and exit parts with excellent potential for vegetation recovery were all Protruding type. In addition, it is judged that slope stability can easily obtain growth. Therefore, entrance and exist of the highway tunnels, which will be constructed in the future, should reflect location and the result of the natural and ecological survey in design by performing it in advance and their types, which minimize the damage area range, should be applied to the local characteristics suitably. In addition, the ecologically healthy tunnel construction should be done by introducing active vegetation recovery techniques based on its safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

수십만명의 대입응시자와 대학입학을 준비하는 수백만명의 초중고등학교 학생들에게 공정한 경쟁의 규칙과 측정방법을 마련하여 적응하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 현행 대학입학 수학능력 시험에서 각 영역별 표준점수는 응시계열인 인문계열, 자연계열, 예체능계열로 나누어 각 계열의 평균과 표준편차를 사용하여 계산한다. 따라서 동일한 점수도 어느 응시계열에 속하는가에 따라 표준점수가 달라지게 되며, 상이한 표준점수를 사용하여 대등한 경쟁을 하는 경우가 있어 불공정성이 제기된다. 비록 변환표준점수로 조정하여 계열간 불공정이 어느 정도 조정되지만, 자신의 점수에 비하여 집단의 평균점수가 낮을수록 변환표준점수가 증가하게 되므로 계열선택의 영향이 없다고 보기 어렵다. 이러한 결과로 유리한 계열로 대거 이동하는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 대학입학에 필수적인 대학입학 수학능력시험에서 계열간 실력차이를 보정하여 공정한 경쟁을 가능하게 하는 표준점수 계산방법을 제시하였다. 또한 모든 과목이 선택과목이 되는 2005학년도부터 시행될 수학능력시험에서 과목간 표준점수를 보정하는 방법을 제시하였다 본 연구는 결론을 도출하는데 있어 응시자들간 표준점수의 차이는 응시과목에 따라 달라지지 않는다는 과목의 동질성을 가정하였다. 응시과목의 동질성 가정하에서 집단간의 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 동일한 시험문제로 각 집단이 시험을 보는 경우 집단간의 차이만큼을 표준점수에 합하여 보정하고, 각 집단이 고유하게 응시하는 시험과목은 공통과목의 차이만큼을 각 집단에 보정하여 주는 것이다. 과목간에 표준점수를 보정하는 방식은 해당과목에 응시한 응시자들이 다른 과목에서 획득한 표준점수의 평균치로보정하는 것이다.하기 위해서, 기업간 프로세스 협업(collaboration) 부분의 데이터 및 서식, 이를 취급하는 기능과 프로세스에 대란 분석을 통해 업무 프로세스 모델링 방법론과 관련한 모델링 지침 및 메타모델을 이용한 표준 업무 프로세스 모델을 개발하여 기업간 업무 프로세스 표준화에 대한 체계적인 관리에 대한 방안을 연구하고자 한다.의Bullwhip effect를 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 동시에 이것은 향후 e-Business 시스템 구축을 위한 기본 인프라 역할을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 많았고 년도에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 스키손상의 발생빈도는 초기에 비하여 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 특성도 부위별, 연령별로 다양한 변화를 나타내었다.해가능성을 가진 균이 상당수 검출되므로 원료의 수송, 김치의 제조 및 유통과정에서 병원균에 대한 오염방지에 유의하여야 할 것이다. 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 고농도의 유기물이 함유된 음식물쓰레기는 Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR)를 이용하여 HRT 30일 정도에서 충분히 직접 혐기성처리가 가능하며, 이때 발생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부분협착이나 경쟁혈류가 관찰되었다. 결론: 동맥 도관만을 이용한 Off pump CABG를 시행하여 감염의 위험성을 증가시키지 않으면서 영구적인 신경학적 합병증을 일으

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1250-1260
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• 2013

The contrast enhancement techniques based on Laplacian pyramid image fusion have a benefit that they can faithfully describe the image information because they combine the multiple resource images by selecting the desired pixel in each image. However, they also have some problem that the output image may contain noise, because the methods evaluate the visual information on the basis of each pixel. In this paper, an improved contrast enhancement method, which effectively suppresses the noise, using image fusion is proposed. The proposed method combines the resource images by making Laplacian pyramids generated from weight maps, which are produced by measuring the difference between the block-based local well exposedness and local homogeneity for each resource image. We showed the proposed method could produce less noisy images compared to the conventional techniques in the test for various images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new text candidate region detection method that uses genetic algorithm based on information of the segmented regions. In image segmentation, a classification of the pixels at each color channel and a reclassification of the region-unit for reducing inhomogeneous clusters are performed. EWFCM(Entropy-based Weighted C-Means) algorithm to classify the pixels at each color channel is an improved FCM algorithm added with spatial information, and therefore it removes the meaningless regions like noise. A region-based reclassification based on a similarity between each segmented region of the most inhomogeneous cluster and the other clusters reduces the inhomogeneous clusters more efficiently than pixel- and cluster-based reclassifications. And detecting text candidate regions is performed by genetic algorithm based on energy and variance of the directional edge components, the number, and a size of the segmented regions. The region information-based detection method can singles out semantic text candidate regions more accurately than pixel-based detection method and the detection results will be more useful in recognizing the text regions hereafter. Experiments showed the results of the segmentation and the detection. And it confirmed that the proposed method was superior to the existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2002

대규모 수험자를 대상으로 하는 경우, CBT 방식은 PBT 방식에 비해 비용이나 처리 방법에 있어 효율적이라는 장점을 갖고 있다. 하지만, CBT 평가가 제대로 운영되려면 많은 문항으로 구성된 대규모의 문제 은행이 있어야 하며, 기 구축된 문항은 적합성과 공정성이 반드시 보장되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 4,000여 명 이상의 수험자를 대상으로 8000문제가 넘는 문제 은행이 구축되어 실제 CBT 시스템을 개발·운영하고 있는 P 대학교 CBLT 테스트 시스템의 문항들을 분석할 방법을 제안한다. 연구 결과 CBLT 테스트 시스템의 문제 은행의 개별 문항들이 출제자 1인의 주관적 판단에 달려있어 문항에 대한 질 관리가 어렵다는 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 고전검사이론이 적합하다고 판단된다. 그러나 매 시험이 동질한 문항 세트로 구성되기 위해서는 문항에 대한 충분하고 객관적인 자료가 절대적으로 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 CBLT 테스트 시스템과 같이 응답자 수가 2∼300여 명 전후이며, 40문항의 문항 세트에 대한 분석은 2모수 정도가 적당하다고 판단된다.