• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.302-323
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• 2016

To date, the literature has focused on formal R&D activities, such as internal, joint or external R&D, but informal R&D activities, such as job training or design, can also have a positive impact on technological innovation. To address this research gap, this paper examined 1) the influence of informal R&D activities on innovation adoption, and 2) the differences between formal R&D-oriented and informal R&D-oriented firms in process and product innovation. For this, statistical analysis was conducted using the data set from 2012 Korea Innovation Survey. The results suggest that 1) informal R&D activities can influence process innovation, and 2) firms engaging in both informal and formal R&D actively adopt product innovation. Findings suggest that 1) firms should recognize the importance of informal R&D and 2) national R&D policy should reflect the positive role of informal R&D in technological innovation.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2018

In the 21st century, as the emergence of the age of creative economy is expected, interest in the cultivation of creative talents required in society around the world is newly rising. Sustainable development education should not be limited to school education, but should be promoted and supported at all social education sites for the purpose of lifelong education. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship between the possibility of formal and informal learning and the development of capacity in higher education. Exploratory and qualitative research based on intensive groups was designed using several groups of formal and informal learning settings. In China, the creation of a creative economy is set as a major national policy direction for the new government. What is required for talented people in the creative economy era and how to educate them is becoming a major policy issue. The development of core competencies requires multiple contexts based on cognitive non-cognitive disposition. By combining the formal and informal learning environment within higher education for the purpose of a new learning culture, it can provide a variety of situations and improve competency development. While this study can identify aspects of formal and informal learning settings, the interdependencies between them are still difficult to grasp. However, practical implications can be seen clearly. In other words, based on the results, you can point out key aspects of competency acquisition that can be a key element in the higher education environment. As a result, this study analyzed implications for formal and informal learning environments for new ways of developing core competencies in higher education.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.245-272
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• 2003

Despite the importance of the program development activities and the necessity of the systematical investigation on the features of the program development activities in the social service agencies, it has been observed that recent social work studies have ignored an important study area of program development, including the activities of collecting data in the process of program development in social service agencies. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate salient features of the activities of collecting data for program development in the social welfare centers in Korea. A questionnaire was constructed with three parts, including a dependent variable and 6 independent variables, and 201 questionnaires were collected from 353 agencies during two months. As the result of the descriptive analyses, the five noticeable features were found, (1) the activities of collecting data for program development in the agencies are very active; (2) staff in his/her twenties are in charge of program development; (3) diverse data are collected in the process of program development (4) hard data are more collected than soft data in the process of program development; (5) the respondents are more despondent on knowledge learned from individual studies than knowledge learned from academic institutes. Multiple regressions were applied to analyze the relationship between independent variables and three kind of dependent variables - total feature of data collecting, collecting hard data, collecting soft data. The result showed that the total feature of data collecting was critically influenced by social workers' autonomy, openness, and knowledge learned from academic institutes, and workload. The activities of collecting hard data was influenced by the above variables, except social workers' workload, The activities of collecting soft data were influenced by the social workers' autonomy, openness, and knowledge learned from academic institutes, and workload. Major findings were discussed and several suggestions were made for future research and improvement of the program development in social welfare centers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2013

This research is to investigate the impact of informal communication of smart-phone user while at work on performance. To do this, we proposed the research model including informal offline communication represented by tea time and informal online communication typified by Kakao talk derived from water-cooler effect. The results of this empirical study is summarized as followings. First, Kakao talk with insiders has a positive effect on performance only in male group, and Kakao talk with outsiders has a negative effect on performance in both male and female group. Secondly, tea time has a positive effect on performance in group with high task interdependence, whereas Kakao talk with insiders has a positive effect on performance in group with low task interdependence. The findings have significant implications for policy development to regulate the wise smart-phone use in organization.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2016

This study analyzes the influence of the career plateau perceived by food service industry employees on their turnover intention. The perception of career plateau is classified as either structural or content-driven. This work also examines how organizational support (formal and informal) for career development affect turnover intention in their interaction with career plateau (structural and content-driven). The research hypothesis was objectively verified based on an analysis of the data on 255 employees. As a result, the structural and content-driven career plateaus perceived by employees were observed to have a positive overall effect on their turnover intention. Aslo, informal organizational support for career development moderates the relationship between career plateau and turnover intention but not formal organizational support.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.389-399
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• 2020

Diverse official policies in community are available for caregivers to take care of the elderly in the US and the UK. This study aims to examine the recent changes in government supports based on The Recognize, Assist, Include Support and Engage (RAISE) in the US, and those by Carer Act 2014 in the UK, to take any good lessons for Korean policy. Caregivers will play a new role to develop innovative treatment for patient-centered care. The UK strengthens to provide various efforts for working carers while assuring economic efficiency in labor market with empirical evidence. The major four ways to support carers were developed agreed with the acknowledge of caregiving value and their human right; financial support, direct services for carers, flexible work time, and advocacy. Korean supports policies for carers in long-term care and social welfare will be more effective in community care system if more evidence based policies are prepared.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.479-489
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to develop the equations for concentration time and storage coefficient considering regional trend in urban stream watershed for reliable hydrological analysis. The 13 basins located in Jungrang, Tan, Anyang, and Hongje stream are selected for the data collection and formula development in this study. The stepwise multiple-regression analysis is used for the development considering watershed, urban, and precipitation characteristic indices. The developed formulae are compared with the domestic and foreign empirical formulae and evaluated the accuracy in urban stream area. It shows the computed value from the equation developed in this study is more accurate than those from other empirical formulae. The error sum, average error and RMSE of computed values from the developed equations in this study are the lowest. The formulae considering the regional trend of urban stream watershed are worth in terms of showing better results than the domestic and foreign empirical formulae. It can be concluded the developed formulae can be useful in urban stream watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.329-330
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• 2015

전지구적인 고령화시대를 살아가는 인류에게 행복한 노년기 삶의 질에 관한 유용한 방안은 매우 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 특히, 고령노인의 건강은 삶의 최우선 순위가 될 뿐만 아니라, 가족과 사회 그리고 국가의 다양한 정책과 제도적 시스템을 조절하는 요인으로서 작용한다. 또한 공적 시스템과 비공식적 지원체계는 노년후기 가족의 삶의 질에 큰 영향력을 가질 뿐만 아니라, 노인에 대한 가족 지원을 조절하기 때문에 전방위적으로 구축되어야 한다. 본 연구는 노인의 일상적 건강성을 향상시키고, 노인에 대한 가족지원체계를 보완하며, 성공적이고 행복한 삶의 질에 대하여 파악하고자 한다. 노인의 삶의 질 향상은 노년기 삶의 긍정적 마무리 및 행복감과 관련성이 높다. 따라서, 노년기 공식적 비공식적 지원체계의 다양한 지원과 동시에 가족 지지의 대처자원을 발굴하고, 보완가능한 대체가족 지원시스템을 개발, 강화시켜 독거노인과 돌봄노인의 케어시스템을 다차원적으로 확충해 나가야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.567-593
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• 2016

This study examined longitudinal mediated effects of informal labeling on the relationship between adolescent abuse and academic achievement using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Data were obtained from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=3,168) of the Korean Youth Panel Survey. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, adolescent abuse was found to have a positive association with future informal labeling. Second, informal labeling was found to have a negative association with future academic achievement. Finally, the longitudinal relationship between adolescent abuse and academic achievement was partially mediated by informal labeling. Based on these results, this study suggests directions for adolescent abuse prevention. The need for education and prevention of informal labeling was discussed, as well as the direction of intervention programs for adolescents with experience of informal labeling. Furthermore, this study may provide empirical evidence for labeling theory and contribute to increasing awareness on the longitudinal influence of adolescent abuse and informal labeling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2020

수자원 계획 및 관리 시 증발산량의 정량적 분석은 필수적으로 고려되는 사항 중 하나이다. 일단위 이하의 잠재증발산량 산정은 세계식량기구(FAO)가 Penman-Monteith 방법을 기반으로 개발한 FAO56 PM 방법을 주로 활용하며, 이는 다른 방법에 비하여 높은 정확성과 적용성이 뛰어나다. 그러나 FAO56 PM 방법의 입력 매개변수는 다양한 기상자료이며, 장기간의 신뢰성 높은 자료를 구축하는 것은 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 증발산량 공식인 Hargreaves 공식을 활용하여 FAO56 PM 방법으로 산정된 잠재증발산량과 기온차 사이의 시계열 관계를 재구성한 회귀분석 기법을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형에 유역면적을 적용하여 유역면적별 잠재증발산량을 산정하였으며, 이를 기존의 잠재증발산량과의 비교를 통해 모형의 적합성을 평가하였다. 결과적으로, 복잡한 잠재증발산량식을 단순한 대체모형(surrogate model)으로 제시함으로써 효율적인 증발산량 정량적 평가와 제한적인 기상자료 조건에 보편적 활용이 가능하다. 향후 연구에서는 회귀분석방법에 Bayesian 추론기법을 활용하여 구성함으로 잠재증발산량의 불확실성을 정량적으로 표현하고자 한다.