• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The goal of crashworthiness is an optimized vehicle structure that can absorb the crash energy by controlled vehicle deformations while maintaining adequate space so that the residual crash energy can be managed by the restraint systems to minimize crash loads transfer to the vehicle occupants. Front side assembly is one of the most important energy absorbing components in relating to the crashworthiness design of vehicle. The structure and shape of the front side assemblies are different depending on auto-makers and size of vehicles. Thus, it is not easy to grab an insight on designer's intention when you glance at a new front side member without experiences. In this paper, we have performed the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis on the front side assembly of a passenger car to investigate the effect of thickness distribution of the front side assembly on the collapse shape, which is important in the aspect of controlling deformation to maintain adequate space, from the viewpoint of reverse engineering. To do this, we have performed crash FE analysis for the assembly by varying the thickness distribution of the assembly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

A long-span (more than 8m) plastic greenhouse is currently being used in farms due to its magnified benefits, such as the convenience of the farming equipment used, and the land usage efficiency. In this study, the reinforcing effects of the use of a pretension tie were shown. In a previous study, tests for a 6.5m single-span-type greenhouse announced by Rural Development Administration were carried out. The tests of symmetric and eccentrics now loading by the sun and wind were conducted for the 10.2m span with a ${\phi}48.1{\times}2.1$ section in this study, after which the load-deflection relationship was compared for the cases of reinforcement with a tie and without a tie. The results of the symmetric snow loading test showed that the strength increased by 68~93% in the case of the specimen with a tied arch. The failure mode of the specimen without a tie tended to be that with a sway failure mechanism, and that of the reinforcement specimens with a tie tended to be that with an arch buckling mechanism. The results of the eccentric snow loading test showed that the strength of the specimen with a tie increased by 10~20% compared to that of the specimen without a tie. For the failure mode of the latter, a combined failure mechanism was adapted, although the failure mode of the tied specimens tended to be that with an arch buckling mechanism.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

This study develops an approximate procedure for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using modal pushover analysis (MPA) with empirical equations of the inelastic displacement ratio ($C_R$) and the collapse strength ratio ($R_C$). By using this procedure, it is not required to conduct linear or nonlinear response history analyses of multi- or single- degree of freedom (MDF) systems. Thus, IDA curves can be effortlessly obtained. For verification of the proposed procedure, the 6-, 9- and 20-story steel moment frames are tested under an ensemble of 44 ground motions. The results show that the MPA-based IDA with empirical equations of $C_R$ and $R_C$ produced accurate IDA curves of the MDF systems. The computing time is almost negligible compared to the exact IDA using repeated nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of a structure and the original MPA-based IDA using repeated nonlinear RHA of modal SDF systems.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 1999

In spite of 6.8 magnitude and the neighborhood of the epicenter, the steel moment frame survived after Northridge earthquake without collapse or casualties. However, following investigation revealed that there were severe damages at the column-weld interface of welded flange-bolted web (WFBW) steel moment connection, which was believed to be economic and safe from earthquakes based on experience and past tests. In this paper, this unexpected brittle fracture of the steel moment connection is explored using linear elastic fracture mechanics and post-Northridge tests. A method to predict the brittle fracture strength of the steel moment connection is proposed. Using this method, the failure mode of the WFBW connection and reduced beam section (RBS) connection are presented.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.167-177
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• 2009

This study investigates a failure mechanism of a tunnel shotcrete lining with respect to a concentrated load due to blocky rock mass. First of all, it is carried out to survey relevant researches to shotcrete failures by literature reviews and to numerically re-investigate the failure modes of shotcrete lining given by previous researches. Through this study, the failure modes are relocated with the conditions which induce each failure mode newly proposed by this study. In addition to this, the arching shape of tunnel lining, which has not been considered in the previous research despite of inherent geometrical characteristics in tunnels, is taken into consideration in numerical investigation on lining failure in this study. As a result, it is shown that more simplified failure modes can be found on the tunnel boundary condition and the corresponding failure condition to each mode can be different from ones of the previous study due to a tunnel arching effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2555-2562
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• 1993

In this paper, the axial crush of the rectangular STS304 tube is analyzed using DYNA3D, and 10 models are tested under quasi-static load. The deformed shapes of analysis and test are present, and the analysis results are compared with the results of quasi-static test. This paper describes that free rotational boundary condition causes a very similar deformed shapes to expermental results, and using the elastic buclking modes as initial imperfecion shapes, the deformed shapes are very close to the experimental shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.501-501
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• 2015

댐과 같은 수공구조물의 치수능력부족은 구조물의 파손이나 붕괴로 직결되며, 대규모 재산피해와 인명피해가 불가피하다. 또한 최근 기후변화 현상에 의해 발생되고 있는 예상치 못한 큰 강우와 홍수는 댐 안전을 저하하는 요소로 간주되며, 복합적으로 발생시 댐의 치수능력이 크게 저하되어 댐 파괴에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 크다. 또한 ICOLD, 세계대댐회 등의 조사 결과 댐 파괴에 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 수문학적 요소로서 예상치 못한 강우, 홍수 및 월류로 조사되었다. 이러한 이유로 수문학적 위험인자를 효과적으로 고려하기 위해 2000년도 이후 선진국에서는 위험도 해석 기법을 기반으로 파괴모드, 다양한 하중조건 등을 조합하여 위험도 해석을 통해 댐의 안전도 검토를 실시하고 있다. 따라서 최근 증가하는 기상변동성을 능동적으로 고려하기 위해서는 위험도 해석기반의 수공구조물 안정성 평가기법을 기반으로 하는 종합적인 위험도 해석 방안수립이 요구된다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 BN 모형 기반의 댐 위험도 적용에 앞서 실증댐을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였으며, 분석 절차는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ICOLD 및 세계대댐회 등 다양한 논문, 보고서 등을 조사하여 댐 붕괴에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 수문학적 파괴인자를 도출하였다. 둘째, BN 모형 구축시 각 노드는 앞서 도출된 수문학적 파괴인자를 이용하였으며, 각 파괴인자에 적합한 확률분포형을 부여하였다. 마지막으로, 노드별 임계값을 부여하여 상황별 파괴인자의 변화 양상을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 인해 연구대상댐의 가장 취약한 수문학적 파괴인자 도출이 가능하며, 댐의 보수 보강시 우선순위 의사결정의 지원이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

We proposed a fusion splicing method for low splicing loss between a single-mode fiber(SMF) and two different photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) such as a photonic bandgap fiber(PBGF) and highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(NL-PCF). The splicing loss between the SMF and PBGF is affected by air-hole collapse. Therefore, we optimized fusion splicer and reduced a splicing loss below 1.22 dB. We also inserted a Intra High Numerical Aperture(UHNA) fiber between the SMF and NL-PCF to achieve a splicing loss of below 2.59 dB.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.74
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• pp.369-374
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• 2006

This paper describes dynamic characteristics of a power transmission tower consisting of lots of power lines and insulators. A numerical 3D modeling for the static, dynamic and buckling analyses of the power transmission tower is presented considering the case when the power lines are cut. Eigenvalue analysis indicates that the transmission tower shows different behavior comparing to usual structures governed by several low modes. The transmission tower is governed by lots of modes. It is verified that the transmission tower is structurally safe against the static wind and buckling loads. But the structural and buckling safety is not guaranteed when all power lines are cut, which comes to collapse the transmission tower. Further study is in need to overcome such case. Wind dynamic analysis shows that fluctuating wind loads increase the response of the tower.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.2 s.86
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

The presence of voids behind tunnel linings is very likely to result in settlement or structural collapse. One proposed method of detecting such voids by non-destructive method is radar. More than effectively judging the existence of voids behind tunnel linings, this study aims to develop the analysis algorithm of radar capable of estimation of the shape of specific voids. To acquire directional information and estimate the shape of three-dimensional voids, the radar of three-dipole antenna type is used. As a foundation to this ongoing research, an investigation of microwave polarization methods using three-dipole antenna carried out with various void orientations and void geometries. As a result, it is clarified that the response of four microwave polarization modes depends on void geometry and thus there is a possibility of identifying the geometry and orientation (the shape) of specific voids using radar of three-dipole antenna type.