• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2005

Lipid-soluble fractions extracted with methylene chloride and ethyl acetate as well as 70% ethanolic extract were made from 5 cultivars of the pigmented rice brans (DZ 78, Elwee, LK1A-2-12-1-1, LK1-3-6-12-1-1 and Killimhukmi) to determine their antioxidative activities and to measure the contents of phenolic compounds, phytic acid, together with unsaponificated compounds such as retinol, tocopherol and stigmasterol. We also attempted to characterize candidate components in charge of antioxidation and measure their relative contents in each methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fraction by using GC-MS techniques. As the results, we found a 30% higher antioxidative activity with 26-fold greater phenolic compound content of the pigmented rices as compared to those of the normal rice. Especially, in Killimhukmi, the contents of the unsaponificated compounds such as retinol, tocopherol and stigmasterol were also found to be more than 2.3-fold greater than those of normal rice. However, we could not find the overall correlations between antioxidativity of rices and their color values, or unsaponificated compounds contents. Methylene chloride fraction from Killimhukmi and LK1A-2-12-1-1, both showing strong antioxidativity, contained relatively high contents of (Z)-9-hexadecenyl ester-9-octadecanoic acid and 2-Hydroxyl-1-1(hydroxymethyl) ethyl-9-octadecanoic acid, respectively. In ethyl acetate fractions, on the contrary, 1H indene, methyl ester-tetradecanoic acid and methyl ester-hexadecanoic acid were detected as the commonly-occurring substances in the 5 cultivars of pigmented rices, implying a possible role in antioxidative action.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.860-868
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• 1997

The effects of oil unsaponifiables (8 species) and methanolic plant extracts (53 species) on the thermal oxidation of oils during 14 or 16 hour heating at $180^{\circ}C$ were studied by analyzing the fatty acid composition of soybean oil or cottonseed oil. All the unsaponifiables tested did not show any antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of soybean oil. However, among the 53 species of methanolic plant extracts, some species (Rheum undulatum L., Chelidonium majus L. var. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T.) showed very strong antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil. The antioxidative activities of methanolic extracts of these 3 species on thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil during an extended heating period were also studied by heating cottonseed oils for 7 hours a day for 8 days at $180^{\circ}C$. The methanolic extracts of Chelidonium majus L. v. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T. greatly reduced both polymer formation and linoleic acid decomposition after the 8 day heating at $180^{\circ}C$. However, the methanolic extracts of Rheum undulatum L. was effective for the reduction of polymer formation, but not for the reduction of linoleic acid decomposition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.170-171
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.122-123
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• 2004

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1987

Effects of the extraction-methods and solvents on some minor components in crude rapeseed-oil and the autooxidation of the oils were examined in this study. The contents of unsaponifiable matters and sterols were not significantly variied depending on the extraction-methods and solvents. Chlorophyll-contents were elevated with the increasing molecular weights of extractionsolvents. Any significant effect of the extraction-temperature on the yield of chlorophyll was not observed. Autoxidation-tendency of the oils was found to be dependent on the boiling points of extraction-solvents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.585-592
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to analyze the physiological and antimicrobial activities of wheat germ. The fatty acid components of the wheat germ included palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Furthermore, the acid value was 8.5, the peroxide value was 7.1, the iodine value was 126.8, the saponification value was 159.7, and the refractive index was 1.547. In the unsaponifiable matter, the total phenol concentration extracted by ethanol, along with physiological activity were 2.02% and 0.45%, respectively, and the amount of flavonoids and activity were 6.89% and 6.90%, respectively. The amount of flavonoids was larger than the phenol concentration in the wheat germ. In addition, the nitritescavenging ability of the wheat germ was lower than ascorbic acid but greater than BHT and tocopherol. The peroxide value in the linoleic acid changed over 5 days, presenting as 0.67, 22.70, 44.25, 5.81, and 91.17 meq/kg, and increases were also consistently shown as time passed for the ethanol extractions and unsaponifiable. Additional data showed that antimicrobial effects could not be detected in the wheat germ concentration or method of extraction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.179-194
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• 2006

목적 : 이번 연구에서는 일반인의 치주질환 치료제에 대한 인식도를 설문을 통하여 알아보았고 현재 국내에서 시판중인 치주질환, 치료제를 의약품 검색 사이트를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사한 치료제의 효과를 해당 약품의 성분과 관련된 문헌을 고찰함으로써 알아보았다. 재료 및 방법 : 일반인의 치주질환 치료제에 대한 인지도를 조사하기 위하여 열 개의 문항으로 구성된 설문을 실시하였다. 설문은 한림대학교 성심병원 산업의학과에 정기 건강검진을 위하여 내원한 사람들을 대상으로 하였다. 보건복지부에 등록된 치주질환 치료제를 조사하기 위하여 킴스 온라인 홈페이지를 이용하였다. 의약품 종합 검색 페이지에서 '추가조건 입력하기'의 '복지부 분류'란에 '231. 치과-구강용약'의 조건을 주어 검색하였다. 검색 결과로부터 경구 치주질환 치료제를 구별하여 정리하였다. 치주질환 치료제와 관련된 문헌을 조사하기 위하여 미국 국립도서관의 검색 서비스인 Pubmed 홈페이지를 이용하였다. 검색어는 각 지료제의 성분명과 치은염, 치주염, 치주질환의 조합어를 사용하였다. 결과 : 설문에 참여한 사람은 100명이었다. 이 중 85%는 치주질환이라는 말을 들어본 적이 있었으며 72%는 자신의 치주건강상태가 좋지 않다고 생각하였다. 14%는 치주질환 치료제를 복용한 경험이 있었다. 61%는 치주질환 치료제에 관한 정보를 광고로부터 획득하였다. 향후 치주질환 치료제의 선택과 관련하여 35%는 치과의사에게, 24%는 의사에게 그리고 20%는 약사에게 문의하겠다고 대답하였다. 치주질환 치료제는 70개였다. 이 중 38개는 아스코르빈산 제제, 25개는 옥수수 불검화 추출물 제제, 5개는 저용량 독시싸이클린 제제였고 아보카도-콩 불검화물과 동양의학적 제제가 각각 한 개였다. 결론 : 치주질환 치료제에 대한 일반인의 인지도는 비교적 낮았으며 정보를 획득하는 주요 경로는 광고였다. 일반인들이 치주질환 치료제를 선택하는 데 치과의사는 큰 역할을 하지 못하였다. 시판중인 치주질환 치료제는 70개였다. 치료제는 다섯 개의 군으로 분류할 수 있었으며, 아스코르빈산 제제, 옥수수 불검화 추출물 및 저용량 독시싸이클린이 대부분이었고 아보카도-콩 불검화물과 동양의학적 제제는 각각 한 개였다. 옥수수 불검화 추출물과 저용량 독시싸이클린은 임상 연구에 의해 그 효과가 입증되었으나 아스코르빈산 제제는 임상 연구가 없었으며 따라서 이상적인 제제라고 할 수 있다. 기존의 문헌에 기초하여 볼 때 옥수수 불검화 추출물과 저용량 독시싸이클린만이 전통적인 치주질환 치료법(SRP)과 병행하여 치료제로 사용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.431-436
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• 1985

The major sterol in the unsaponifiable matter (15.9 mg per gram on basis) of the sesame oil was 4-desmethylsterol (55.6%). 4-desmethylsterol consists of sitosterol (29.5%), campesterol (9.8%), ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol (6.6%) and stigmasterol (5.9%). Between the packing bags kept the sesame seeds in, namly, the cotton and polyethylene bag, the campesterol content of sesame stored in the cotton bag was not nearly changed, whereas stored in the polyethylene bag was increased upto 4 months storage and then decreased until 15 months. The sitosterol content of sesame stored in cotton bag was increased upto 4 months and then decreased sharply until 15 months of storage, whereas stored in the polyethlene bag was not changed upto 4 months and slightly increased upto 9 months and again decreased until 15 months. Between the storage conditions, namly, light and dark storage, the stigmasterol content of the sesame stored under light condition was hardly changed upto 9 months and slightly increased after that, whereas stored under dark condition was increased upto 4 months, decreased upto 9 months and again slightly increased after that. ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol was not much changed in all the storage conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

Unsaponifiables in the kernel and the cob of 7 maize varieties were analyzed by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for the identification of phytosterols and their concentrations. The unsaponifiables of the kernel were clearly separated into band I (campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}$-sitosterol), band II (${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol), band III (${\Delta}^7$- stigmastenol), and band IV (${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol). In the cob, on the other hand, three or more bands were separated in addition to bands. The GC analysis of unsaponifiables showed good separation of campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, but the mixture of ${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol (retention time[RT] 22.846), ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol (RT 22.852), and ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol (RT 22.862) showed poor separation. Phytosterol content of the maize kernel was 635.9 mg/100 g, and that of the cob was 273.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The phytosterol content of the kernel was 2.4-fold higher than that of the cob. The phytosterol content of the kernel was higher in the order ${\beta}$sitosterol 80.05% > campesterol 10.5% > stigmasterol 9.46%, but that of the cob was higher in the order ${\beta}$-sitosterol 59.43% > stigmasterol 31.72% > campesterol 10.98%. Based on these results, it appears that the phytosterols of the maize kernel are synthesized in the maize cob and are transferred to the kernel, because the precursors (${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol, ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol, and ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol) of major phytosterols were detected in maize cobs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 1992

The present study was designed to analyze the lipid and fatty acid compositions of ark shell, Anadara broughtonii. The crude lipid was extracted by Bligh and Dyer's method, and then fractionated by TLC and quantitatively analyzed by TLC scanner. Lipid extracted from ark shell was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid by column chromatography with silicic acid. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Total lipid content of ark shell was 0.83% base on wet weight. The content of unsaponifiable matter was 20.19%, and iodine value was 156.13. The main components of total lipids were triglyceride, diglyceride, hydrocarbon, and sterol ester. The fatty acid composition of total lipid chiefly consisted of $C_{17 : 0}$, $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$ and $CT_{16 : 1}$. The main fatty acids of neutral lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$, $C_{22 : 1}$, $C_{18 : 0}$ and $C_{16 : 1}$. The major fatty acids of polar lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 2}$, $C_{20 : 5}$ and $C_{22 : 6}$. In total lipid fractionation, saturated acid contents were high in all (SA>MA＞ PA), in neutral lipid fractionation, menoenoic acid contents were high in all (MA > SA> PA), and in polar lipid fractionation, saturated acid con-tents were high in all (SA> PA> MA).