• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics and cultural conditions for artificial fruiting body(synnemata) production of Paecilomyces japonica. In the morphological characteristics of P. japonica, the size of it's conidia was ranged from $5.0{\sim}1.5\;to\;7.9{\sim}2.4\;{\mu}m$. The artificial fruiting body showed yellow in color, shape was confirmed ellipsoidal or obovoid type, and the length was $50.6{\sim}104.5\;mm$. The mycelial growth on the PDA medium treated with pH7, at $25^{\circ}C$ was superior to that of other treatments. The formation period of an artificial fruiting body of P. japonica treated with polypropylene and glass bottle culture was 30 days and 50 days, respectively. The length and number of fruiting body was longer and higher in the polypropylene bottle culture than those of the glass bottle culture. As the results, the artificial fruiting body production in the polypropylene bottle increased 1.2g per bottle compared to that of the glass bottle. It also increased in $100{\sim}400\;lx$ illumination, whereas the elongation of synnemata, pinheading and fruiting body growth were inhibited by continuous use of 900 lx illumination. The results of these experiment indicated that fruiting body formation seemed to be lower as the light intensity increased. The fruiting body formation was also dependent on the light color. There was a higher incidence in red color light and fluorescent light treatment than that of incandescent and blue color light. The fruiting body of the naked barley medium had so much better growth compared to other media that it would be able to use for it's production. The growth of fruiting body was affected by $CO_2$ concentration. It increased after putting the lid on the bottle.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2019

Purpose: A dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare lethal tumor characterized by a low grade chondrosarcoma juxtaposed with a high grade dedifferentiated sarcoma, such as osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma. The aim of our study was to document the clinical manifestation and oncologic outcomes of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Materials and Methods: This study identified 11 patients who were diagnosed and treated for dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma between January 2007 and December 2016. The identified cohort was then reviewed regarding age, sex, symptom onset, tumor location, magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs), surgical margin, and pathologic diagnosis. The time to local recurrence and/or metastasis, follow-up duration, and the patients' final status were analyzed. Results: The patients were comprised of 7 males and 4 females with a mean age of 54 years (range, 33-80 years). The location of the tumor was in the femur in 6 cases, pelvis in 4 cases, and metatarsal in 1 case. The average tumor diameter was 12.7 cm (range, 6.0-26.1 cm). At the time of diagnosis, 2 patients showed pathologic fracture; 1 patient was Enecking stage IIA, 9 patients were stage IIB, and 1 patient was stage III. Eight patients were classified as a primary dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and 3 patients were secondary. One of the primary lesions was misinterpreted initially as a low grade chondroid lesion by MRI and underwent curettage. Local recurrence occurred in 8 cases and distant metastasis occurred in 10 cases with a mean duration of 8 months (range, 2-23 months) and 7 months (range, 1-32 months), respectively. The three-year overall survival of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma was 18%, and 10 patients died due to disease progression. Conclusion: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma developed lung metastases in the early period of the clinical courses and the prognosis was dismal.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 1982

DNA synthesis, unscheduled DNA synthesis, excision of pyrimidine dimers and phtoreactivation were determined in UV-irradiated differentiating muscle cells at various times of primary culture of 12 day chick embryos and results obtained were as follows. The rates of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis were increased as increase of UV dose. And the rates were gradually decreased as the increase of time after culture, but at higher doses the decreasing tendency was remarkable. The patterns of DNA replication were changed drastically as a function of time so that in the seven day cultures the rate of $^3$H-thymidine incorporation was found to be 0.2% of the original activity. The pattern of inhibition of DNA replication by UV damage demonstrated that in cells of earlier stages there were no remarkable changes, but in cells of later stages there was significant fluctuation. Photoreactivation and the excision of pyrimidine dimer in the one day cultures showed that photoreactivation occurred immediately after UV-irradiation, but excision of pyrimidine dimer was gradually and slowly occurred. These results indicate that the differentiation of embryonic muscle cells accompanies the gradual reduction of DNA replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis, and that the photoreactivation is rapid process compared to excision repair.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2011

To optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., we investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators and medium supplements on plant regeneration using stolon explants excised from mature plant grown in a green house. Plant regeneration frequency was 33.3% when stolon tissues with a node were cultured on the regeneration medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of kinetin. Comparing the basal media tested, MS medium showed higher plant regeneration performance than N6 or SH medium. Addition of 5 mg/L $AgNO_3$ with 10 mg/L cysteine improved frequency of plant regeneration up to 40%. Among different carbon sources, 3% sucrose was found to show the best for regeneration frequency. This rapid and efficient plant regeneration system would be useful for using genetic transformation experiments of manilagrass without intervening callus-mediated regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 1994

In an attempt to optimize the in vitro-regeneration conditions necessary for the genetic manipulation of tomato species, we examined several hybrid lines and wild species (peruvianum, pimpinellifolium, glandulosum) of Lycopersicon for. their, different regeneration ability. The basal medium used for callus growth and organogenesis was MSB (MS + B5) supplemented with three combinations of TDZ (Thidiazuron) 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L, BA 2.0mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L, and zeatin 3.0 mg/L + IAA 0.02 mg/L. In the genotype of Lycopenicon grandulosum, combination of TDZ and NAA was more effective in inducing shoot and root differentiation than those of BA and NAA or zeatin and IAA. When all genotypes tested were considered, however combination of zeatin and IAA was shown to be the best in shoot regeneration. Result indicate that callus and organogenesis of Lycopenicon species are dependent upon the hormone types and plant genotypes, but MSB medium with zeatin 3.0 mg/L + IAA 0.02 mg/L maybe appropriate for genotype-independent plant regeneration system of Lycopercicon species. We also tried TDZ as a cytokinin source in tomato tissue culture and found it highly significant in tomato regeneration system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.366-370
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the optimum culture conditions for inducing callus and regenerating plantlets from cultured leaf tissues of Aralia elata. Young leaf tissues(1cm) of A. elata plant were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and Thidiazuron. Embryogenic callus was induced along the leaf veins, more efficiently on the medium containing 1.0mg /1 Thidiazuron in 4 weeks after culture initiation. Calli were subcultured to proliferate on MS media containing 2, 4-D, Dicamba, Picloram, and Thidiazuron. Callus was better proliferated on the medium containing Dicamba than on the others.. However, callus subcultured on the medium containing Thidiazuron was more embryogenic and light green-colored, of which some showed embryoid-like structure on the surface. Hormone-free medium was more efficient to regenerate plantlets than media supplemented with Kinetin, BA, and Thidiazuron.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1997

한국산 기름종개속 어류중 Cobitis taenia complex의 집단간 유전적 차이에 따른 종 분화 여부를 밝히고자 6개 집단을 대상으로 mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)의 RFLP분석을 실 시하였다. C. taenia complex mtDNA를 10개의 6-base cutting 제한효소로 처리한 다음 그 절편 양상을 비교, 분석한 결과 6개 집단 공히 mtDNA 의 전체 genome 크기는 약 17.0$\pm$ 0.5Kbp였으며 공동절편수(F)에서 C. t. taenia 2개집단과 C. t. stria와 C. t. lutheri 4개 집단 간의 F값은 평균 0.263으로 차이가 있었으나, C. t. striata 와 C. t. lutheri 사이는 F=0.569로 가깝게 나타났다. 염기치환율 (p)에 있어 C. t. taenia는 C. t. striata 및 C. t. lutheri와 평균 p=0.082로 뚜렷한 종간차이를 보였으나, C. t. striata와 C. t. lutheri 집단들은 p=0.033으로 매우 가까운 유사성을 나타내었다. MtDNA 분석결과 C. taenia complex 중 C. t. taenia는 완전히 종분화가 이루어진 별종으로, C. t. striata와 C. t. lutherisms 아직 종수준의 분화가 이루어지지 않은 아종으로 분류함이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-128
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• 1997

The most effective cytokinin source for adventitious shoot regeneration of in vitro grown leaves from 'Gala' apple was BA with the concentration of 4.0 mg/L, while auxin source was IAA, IBA and NAA with the concentration of 0.1 mg/L, respectively. As the result of combinational treatment of BA and NAA, 6.0 or 8.0 mg/L BA with 0.5 mg/L NAA was effective for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf tissues of 'Gala', 0.1 mg/L NAA + 8.0 mg/L BA and 1.0mg/L NAA + 8.0 mg/L BA for internode, and 0.1 mg/L NAA + 4.0 mg/L BA for petiole.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.267-271
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• 1995

To improve regeneration efficiency of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (chinese cabbage) in vitro, the effect of ehtylene inhibitors [AgNO$_3$ and silver thiosulfate (STS)] and optimal age of explantse were investigated. On the effect of ethylene inhibitors either 100 $\mu$M of AgNO$_3$ or 5 $\mu$M of STS enhanced shoot regeneration from cotyledons when it was added in basal shoot induction media(MS salts, B5 vitamine, sucrose 2%, BA 2.0mg/L, NAA 1.0mg/L). But at higher concentrations, AgNO$_3$ induced abnormal shoots, and STS greatly reduced regeneration frequency. On the other hand, the maximum regeneration rate was obtained from the cotyledons taken from 3-day old seedlings. However there was no distinctive effect among the containers used for cultivation. The most optimal condition of root induction was a minimal Murashige and Skoog media containing 0.1 mg/L NAA. In order to induce bolting and flowering from in vitro regenerated chinese cabbage, the plant were healed at 4$^{\circ}C$ for weeks in a cold chamber. When they were planted in pots, the plane produced phenotipically normal flowers and seeds. The overall results suggest that ethylene inhibitors promote regeneration of shoot from cotyledons of chinese cabbage without alleviating fertility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2013

We established that regenerated plants of Panax ginseng were directly transplanted into the soil without the acclimatization process. When regenerated plants were treated at the concentration of $0.4mg\;l^{-1}$ for 9 hr before transplantation into the soil, our results showed that the survival rate of them was the highest. The optimal size of the root was above 4 cm in length and 0.4 g by weight before transplantation into the soil. The highest survival rate increased to 59.6%. After 4 years of cultivation in the fields, our results showed that there were no significant morphological differences between regenerated plants and wild-type ginseng. Also, we obtained healthy seeds from regenerated plants. This study provides the basis for a relatively rapid multiplication of selected genotypes and will allow a much more rapid evaluation of the germplasm of the unexplored and unstudied Korean ginseng.