• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1984

An experimental study has been performed on the heat transfer characteristics of condensation by the injecting steam flow in the tube. The comparison between results of experimental data and available data concerning equivalent Reynolds number has studied. As the result, the followings were obtained. 1. The shear stress of the radial direction in the tube when the injecting steam flow was condensed can be written as root($\tau$sub(0)/$\tau$sub(0v))=1+1.46X sub(tt) super(0.20). 2. The effect of the heat transfer in the injecting steam flow was less than the value of equivalent Reynolds number. The reason are the nonuniform fluid film of the axial and radial direction in the tube. 3. The value of N sub(u) by the heat transfer of condensation can be written as N sub(u)=1.08$\times$[{$\rho$ sub(l) d/$\mu$ sub(l)}/{$\delta$+(2.5/P sub(rl)) ln(y sub(i)/$\delta$)}]$\times${$\tau$ sub(0)/ $\rho$ sub(l)} super(1/2).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.905-911
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• 2017

Effects of injector position and momentum flux ratio on a vertical jet in a cross flow field were studied qualitatively and shown by using air and water. The experiment was carried out by fixing the momentum flux ratio and varying the position of the injector hole. Conversely, the injector hole position was fixed and the momentum flux ratio was varied. Image visualization was performed by a Shadowgraph technique using a high speed camera. The visualized images were compared for finding differences in spraying through Density Gradient Magnitude Image. It is observed that as the x/d of the apparatus increased the jet break up height decreases and the spray angle also decreases. When x/d is 0, the spray reaches the floor and ceiling at any momentum flux ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2021

This study was carried out to analyze the properties of the gel propellant and spray characteristics according to the addition of fine particles. The multi-hole diameter was 0.4 mm to induce a high shear rate, and a kerosene gel propellant was prepared using 5 wt% of the Thixatrol ST and SUS304 of 100 nm. The experiment was conducted by fixing the supply pressure in the axial direction to 0.7 MPa and adjusting the supply pressure in the radial direction from 0.7 MPa to 2.1 MPa. Due to the addition of fine particles, pressure vibration during spraying, a small TMR(Total Momentum Ratio) of up to 0.19, and a phenomenon that the spraying angle rapidly increased to more than 70 degrees occurred.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 1981

The proper nozzle spacings have been tried to determined the better evenness of distribution on the development of the boom type nozzle system with three nozzles made in Korea-disk type, cap type and bolt type. The operating pressure has been changed in 7 levels ($2kg/cm^2-8kg/cm^2$) and the operating height in 3 levels (30, 40, 50cm) to find characteristics of deposit pattern and the proper spacing of each nozzle was examined and computed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The CU(%) of the deposit distribution was improved with the operating pressure of $5kg/cm^2$ or $6kg/cm^2$ in Nozzle A with 80% and Nozzle C with 83%, and $7kg/cm^2$in Nozzle B with 80% 2. The better deposit distribution was got ten at operating height 40cm with CU 86% in Nozzle A, and 50cm in both Nozzle B, C with 80% 3. The spray deposit distribution was getting of improvement with decrease of nozzle spacing, nevertheless about half diameter of the spraying circle was recommended in regard to the cost and the work performance. 4. Improvement of quality of nozzles tested in this research may be required not to be less than their CU 90% in the use as boom-type nozzle system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1999

The effect of operating condition was studied experimently on the characteristics of twin sprays ejected from two airblast atomizers, within the range of the mass air-fuel ratio 1.36∼3.54. Water and nitrogen gas were used as test fluids for the experiments. Spray characteristics of liquid spray were measured with measurement of mass distribution and instantaneous image of the spray cone. Experimental results show that the maximum specify of the distribution were lowered but distributed over the larger area when the ROA ratio increased, Center of mass position did not change with increasing water mass flow, Increase of the nozzle distance has an small effect on mass distribution of interaction area but distributed over the larger area. It was also conformed that the effect of interaction near central point of collision decreased with the increase of the ROA ratio on interaction area from comparison using superposition method

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.624-631
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• 1996

This study describes extinguishment mechanism of the purely buoyant diffusion flame using the water spray. Experiments are systematically carried out for the oul pool fire with the six different atomizing nozzles. From the measurement of burning rate which represents the combustion intensity of fire, it is observed that the water spray is able to act to enhance fire rather than to extinguish fire. The air entertainment due to the water spray is visualized to understand this phenomenon, acting to enhance fire. In order to observe effects of droplet size on fire extinguishment, and amount of water which reaches the flame base, fuel surface, and mean diameter of droplets are measured. When water droplets are too small, they do not reach the flame base because they can the water spray having too small doplets is ineffective for extinguishment of the oil fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.88-96
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• 2018

Effects of injector position and momentum flux ratio on a vertical jet in a cross-flow field are qualitatively studied and displayed using air and water. The position of the injector hole and the momentum flux ratio is changed and image visualization is performed using a shadowgraph technique and a high-speed camera. The visualized images are compared to find differences in spraying using density gradient magnitude image. It is observed that, as the x/d of the apparatus increases, the jet break-up height decreases. When x/d is 0, the spray reaches the bottom and ceiling at any momentum flux ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

An experimenta investigation of unsteady impinging DI diesel spray on the unheated plate and heated plate has been conducted in a pressurized chamber using high speed shadowgraphy. The ambient agas pressure was varied using nitrogen with chamber pressure of 1.1MPa, 2.1MPa and 2.6MPa. As the increase of ambient gas pressure of ambient gas pressure, the height of spray is increased if entrainment and circulation . At higher temperature of impinging plate, the radial penetration of the impinging spary is incresed , but the height of impinging spray is decreased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.127-138
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• 2016

Diesel vehicles should be equipped with urea-selective catalytic reduction(SCR) system as a high-performance catalyst, in order to reduce harmful nitrogen oxide emissions. In this study, a three-dimensional Eulerian-Lagrangian CFD analysis was used to numerically predict the multiphase flow characteristics of the urea-SCR system, coupled with the chemical reactions of the system's transport phenomena. Then, the numerical spray structure was modified by comparing the results with the measured values from spray visualization, such as the injection velocity, penentration length, spray radius, and sauter mean diameter. In addition, the analysis results were verified by comparison with the removal efficiency of the nitrogen oxide emissions during engine and chassis tests, resulting in accuracy of the relative error of less than 5%. Finally, a verified CFD analysis was used to calculate the interanl flow of the urea-SCR system, thereby analyzing the characteristics of pressure drop and velocity increase, and predicting the uniformity index and overdistribution positions of ammonia.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

For the promotion of the evaporative cooling efficiency of hot air in greenhouse in summer, a fog sprayer consisted of a high volume spraying two-fluid nozzle with turbo fan and a blowing fan was set up at 2.2 m height from bottom of small glass greenhouse and tested to estimate the possibility of the greenhouse cooling. The mean droplet size and the volume sprayed by one of fog sprayer were $29{\mu}m$ and $160m{\ell}/min$. All the droplets sprayed and blown by the fog sprayer were evaporated within 2 m radius. The result from the cooling test that two sprayers set up in glass greenhouse of plane area $228m^2$ was represented lower cooling effect that the temperature and relative humidity of inside air of greenhouse were $28.8^{\circ}C$ and 87.5% when those of outside air of greenhouse were $30.2^{\circ}C$ and 81.2%. Through investigation of literatures and results of the cooling test, it was estimated that the water spraying rate of evaporative cooling of single span greenhouse with 50% light curtain and with air change rate of 1 volume/min was $10m{\ell}/min/m^2$ so that the inside air temperature may cool down $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ on the basis of $35^{\circ}C$ atmospheric temperature in summer of south korean area.