• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.410-419
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• 2017

Since the beginning of the water shortage by disasters such as global warming, environmental pollution, and drought, development of original technology and studies have been undergone to increase availability of water resources. Among them the water treatment separation membrane technology is an environmentally friendly process that does not use chemicals and shows better water quality improvement effect than conventional physicochemical and biological processes. The water treatment membrane can be applied to various fields such as waste water treatment, water purification treatment, seawater desalination, ion exchange process, ultrapure water production, organic solvent separation and water treatment technology, and it tends to expand the range of application. In the core technology of water treatment membrane, researches are being actively carried out to develop a separation membrane of better performance by controlling the pore size to adjust the separation performance. In this review, we summarized the frequency of announcement by country and organization through the technological competitiveness evaluation of patents and papers of the water separation membrane. Also, we evaluated the results from membrane research for waste water treatment, water purification treatment, seawater desalination, ion exchange process and present the future direction of research.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1035-1046
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• 1993

Some iron(III)porphyrin complexes were prepared, and identified by the spectroscopic methods. Elution behavior of iron(III)porphyrin complexes was investigated by reversed-phase HPLC. The optimum conditions for the separation of iron(III)porphyrin complexes were examined with respect to flow rate and mobile phase strength. These complexes were successfully separated on NOVA-PAK $C_{18}$ column using methanol / water(95/5) for $[T_pCF_3PP)Fe(R)]$ and methanol / water (98/2) for $[(P)Fe(C_6F_5)]$ as a mobile phase. It was found that these complexes were largely eluted in an acceptable range of capacity factor value ($0{\leq}logk'{\leq}1$). The dependence of the capacity factor (k') on the volume fraction of water in the binary mobile phase as well as the dependence of k' on the liquid-liquid extraction distribution ratio$(D_c)$ in methanol-water / n-pentadecane extraction system showed a good linearity. It means that the retention of iron(III)porphyrin complexes on NOVA-PAK $C_{18}$ column is largely due to the solvophobic effect. Also, there was a good linear dependence of the capacity factor(k') on the column temperature and enthalpy calculated by van't Hoff plot. From these results, it was confirmed that the retention mechanism of iron(III)porphyrin complexes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography was invariant under the condition of various temperature, and the solvophobic binding process exhibited isoequilibrium behavior.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.320-325
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• 1992

For natural antioxidant test, the Rhus javanica $Linn\'{e}$ was extracted by 75% ethyl alcohol and fractionated it by chloroform and ethyl acetate using separatory funnel and column chromatography. In the Rhus javanica L. extract, the effective material was disolved easily in ethyl acetate and chloroform. When 600 ppm of ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was added to palm oil and lard, AI(antioxidant index) of each oil was 1.60 and 3.90 respectively. The $CHCl_3$ and EtOAc fractions were more effective than whole extract of Rhus javanica L. The palm oil, lard and soybean oil containing different levels of the Rhus javanica L. extract were stored at $60^{\circ}C$ to compare their antioxidative activity. Peroxide value, acid value and TBA value of each oil were monitored. The Rhus javanica L. extract was very effective to retard oxidation of palm oil and lard. This result coincided with Ranimat test.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2016

One of oriental medicinal plants, Potentilla chinensis, has been used for anti-inflammation, hemostatic, decryption, and antipyretic. Especially, a root of Potentilla chinensis was used as important material for oriental medication. Although several kinds of bioactive component of Potentilla chinensis extract from stems and leaves were identified, the major component of Potentilla chinensis from roots is not well established. In this study, the root of Potentilla chinensis was extracted in different solvent system and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to HPLC analysis, a major component was isolated and its physicochemical properties were evaluated by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on these results, isolated compound was identified as 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid. And quantification of 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid with different extraction solvent system was performed for industrial application.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.951-962
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• 2015

To develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease, Aristolochia tagala Champ. was extracted by methanol and its extract was fractionated into several solvent fractions. The chloroform fraction, which showed the highest antimicrobial activity, was separated by column chromatography and obtained forty three subfractions. The forty three fractions were searched the anti-fungal activities by bioassay. The most active No. 26 subfraction was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to MS database of Wiley library. As a result, 2,4-di-tetra-butyl-phenol, 2-mono-palmitin, 1-mono-stearin were profiled as maine compounds in No. 26 subfraction. Bioassay using commercial 1-mono-stearin to test for the anti-microbial activity conformed the antimicrobial active compound. In conclusion, 1-mono-stearin identified from Aristolochia tagala Champ. was antimicrobial chemical against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.887-896
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• 2015

To develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease, Usnea longissima was extracted by methanol and its extract was fractionated into several solvent fractions. The chloroform fraction, which showed the highest antimicrobial activity, was separated by silica gel-column chromatography and obtained into nine group subfractions. The nine group fractions were searched the antifungal activities by bioassay. The most active No. 3 subfraction was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to database of Wiley library. As a result, Usnic acid was identified as main compounds. In conclusion, Usnic acid isolated from Usnea longissima was antimicrobial chemical against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2010

The chloroform layer of fermented glasswort (Salicornia herbacea) juice was found to have higher radical-scavenging activity than the other layers by the assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. Two antioxidative compounds were isolated and purified from the chloroform layer by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography using the guided assay of DPPH radical scavenging. Based on mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance, the isolated compounds were identified as cirsiumaldehyde (1) and chrysoeriol (2). This is the first study to report the presence of those compounds in fermented glasswort juice. Compound 2 showed higher radical-scavenging activity than 1.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

Major saponins in ginseng were analysed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with binary mobile phase gradient control system instead of normal phase column. The optimum condition were as following : reverse phase column; ${\mu}{\beta}ondapak\;C_{18}$ column (Waters, $3.9mm{\times}300\;mm,\;5{\mu}m$), methyl cyanaide/water binary mobile phase gradient control system, solvent flow rate; 1.5 ml/min, and UV($203{\mu}m$ ) detector. The complete separation of ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2,\;Rc,\;Rd,\;Re,\;Rf\;and\;Rg_1$ was achieved within 55 min. The Regression coefficients of the calibration curves for seven ginsenosides were 0.99.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1059-1065
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• 2003

Antimicrobial activity of Mokdan bark (Paeonia suffruticosa $A_{NDR}$) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried Mokdan was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. Ethylacetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes, and E. coli at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/disc. Ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated into 3 fractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethylacetate fractions No. 1 and 2 had the highest antimicrobial activity. They were mixed again, reseparated, and 3 fractions were obtained. Among them, No. 1 had the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, No. 1 fraction was identified as isobutyl isopentanoate by HPLC, and GC-MS.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.144-147
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• 1997

Different isolation methods for the volatile components of Anise(Pimpinella anisum L.) are compared in terms of the difference of components obtained with each analytical procedure. These methods include headspace(purge & trap) sampling procedure, simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE), steam distillation and solvent extraction. Total 43 components were identified by? comparing gas chromatography retention time and mass spectral data. Different isolation techniques result in compositionally different isolates. The headspace(purge & trap) sampling procedure was found to be the best method of choice for a qualitative analysis of the volatile components.