• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

As part of measures to reduce fine dust, the government is promoting a project to convert the fuel of Yard Tractors(YT, tractors operated at ports), from diesel to LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). While a port having a small number of yard tractors, it is not proper to construct a stationary LNG fueling station and supply LNG to YT due to a problem of BOG (Boil off gas) generation. Therefore, it is necessary to make a regulation and a standard on mobile LNG YT refueling station installation and inspection as an alternative. In this study, we have investigated domestic and foreign mobile LNG refueling cases and refueling standards, including the USA and Europe. In addition, we have suggested the risk reduction method according to the cause after investigation of the cause of LNG accidents. And last, based on the proposed risk reduction measures, we have proposed an amendment to the Regulation of the Urban Gas Business Law in Korea. The proposed mobile LNG YT refueling amendment of the Regulation includes ; maintenance of the safety distance from the protection facility, installation of an interlock device to prevent refueling in places other than the authorized place, installation of the identification system through biometrics, separation of the tank lorry and tow vehicle before refueling, checking the wheel fixed status of tank lorry before refueling, construction of the impounding area, safety measures before, during and after refueling, etc. The safety standards proposed in this study could be used as a reference in establishing standards for mobile LNG vehicle refueling in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

In this paper, we review the applicability of fog screen to implement 'Spatial Augmented Reality' which displays the image on the whole space of real space or in real space by separating display equipment and user, in contrast to the traditional Augmented Reality. Through three exhibitions and one performance, we confirmed t hat the fog screen, which can be passed through, is a suitable material for implementing the Spatial Augment ed Reality. We found that the hologram production was easier than before because of fog screen. Through the questionnaire survey conducted on performers along with the exhibition, we found that only about half of people know what a fog screen is, and about 10% of the total respondents saw the fog screen. In order to investigate the effect of fog screen on the surrounding space, we conducted an experiment to observe the change of humidity according to the time and distance in the Children's Culture Center of the Asian Culture Center. We found that the humidity within a radius of 5m around the fog screen could increase by 2~3%($6,400m^3$ standard). Thus we provided some safety requirement with fog screen when works made of materials vulnerable to moisture such as paint, paper, and wood are exhibited at the same time with fog screen in the exhibition hall.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.213-223
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• 2018

This study assessed the maintenance plan of the Shimbashi-Toranomon Development Area in Japan, which has recently been completed using the three-dimensional road system. In the main relevant law system, a three-dimensional road system, which enables the construction of buildings above and below the road, was applied. The specific construction regulations applying the financing power and knowledge of private business operators were applied. In the development district, city maintenance guidelines were established, and housing and shopping malls were regulated. This purpose was to promote change, unity of distance, effective use of land, and continuous urban revitalization with charm and vitality. The main features of the maintenance plan were accessibility and greenery, comfort and a sophisticated design, and a maintenance concept utilizing historical buildings and road space through the participation of local residents and the opinions of related committees. In addition, in the case of the construction of the upper and lower roads, the construction restrictions were relaxed, and the separation of the roads and the undergrounding of electric poles were promoted. The main aim was to improve the convenience of the residents and produce a pleasant road landscape.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.725-733
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• 2018

With urbanization projects involving trunk roads progressing, many simple interchanges, which separate passing traffic into the main traffic and access subtraffic, are being constructed to maximize the traffic capacity. Under the current Road Connection Rule, the access-prohibited section in an interchange is determined based on the access lane and limit distance in the complete interchange road, but separate criteria for the simple interchange are not defined. This may cause confusion in the Road Management Office's determination of the access-prohibited section in the simple interchange, or lead to the application of the criteria for the access-prohibited section in the complete interchange without considering the features of such interchange. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the domestic and overseas systems related to the installation of access section in trunk roads, such as general national roads. This paper presents a survey of the methods for applying the access-prohibited section in the interchange along with the actual cases and proposes improvement measures for a rational calculation of the access prohibited installation section in the simple interchange to minimize the downsides associated with the application of the extremely strict criteria. The proposed road connection rule improvement measures based on the consideration of the purpose of installing the simple interchange and on the consideration the features of the simple interchange are expected to prevent administration confusion by the field road management offices as well as the waste of unnecessary efforts and costs by petitioners so they can boost the service satisfaction for people and the administrative reliability.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

This study traced the origin and transformation of word library linked with archives in the ancient Near East, and Greece and Rome. First, the word library has two origins. One is derived from the Latin bibliothēkē from the ancient Greek βιβλιοθήκη. The first trace is Pollux's Onomasticon in the second half of the 2nd century, and if considered as a set of literature texts, it is Lipsius's De Bibliothecis Syntagma in 1602. The other was established as an library in the early 14th century after Latin libraria (or librarium) was translated into Old French librairie (or librarie). The word library was coined by Chaucer in 1374. Second, the clay tablet repository that existed in the ancient Near East is close to an archive, but the official name is unknown. However, the Ashurbanipal clay tablet archive is far from the principle of respect for original order and origins emphasized by the archivists, so it is not a royal archive, but a prototype of the royal library. And the official name of the Library of Alexandria was 'Βιβλιοθήκη της Αλεξάνδρειας', and then it was changed to 'ALEXANDRINA BYBLIOTHECE'. Third, In ancient Greece and Rome, archives and libraries were separated. Greece libraries were at the level of a small libraries attached to gymnasiums, and had few independent titles. The names of the Roman libraries often attached to the public baths were mixed with βιβλιοθήκη and Bibliotheca. Finally, the ancient library was succeeded to the cathedral bibliothek, and was transformed into 'bayt al-hikmah' in the Islamic Empire. In Japan, China, and Korea, Japanese-Chinese word library was accepted at the end of the 19th century, but there are many issues that require follow-up research.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Construction waste is generated at a rate of approximately 221,102 tons/day in Korea. In particular, mixed construction waste generates approximately 24,582 tons/day. The other components were recycled by 98.9%. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the waste was 17.1 million tons of CO2 equaling 2.3% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reducing the environmental impact is becoming increasingly important. However, appropriate treatment must first be established, as mixed construction waste is also increasing. Thus, an effective plan is urgently needed because it is frequently segregated and sorted by the landfill and incinerated. In addition, there is an urgent need to prepare various effective recycling methods rather than a simple treatment. Therefore, this study analyzed the environmental impact of the treatment of mixed construction waste by calculating greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, the highest greenhouse gas generation occurred during the incineration stage. Moreover, the optimal method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is recycling and energy recovery from waste. In addition, the amount of greenhouse gas generated during energy recovery from the waste stage was the second highest. However, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by using waste as energy to reduce fossil fuel consumption. In addition, for the transportation stage, the optimal reduction plan is to minimize the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by setting the optimal distance and applying biofuel and electric vehicle operations.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2022

Recently, multiple methods using small aircraft for geophysical exploration have been suggested as a result of the development of information and communication technology. In this study, we introduce the hybrid unmanned aircraft electromagnetic system of the Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral resources, which is under development. Additionally, data processing and interpretation methods are suggested via the analysis of datasets obtained using the system under development to verify the system. Because the system uses a three-component receiver hanging from a drone, the effects of rotation on the obtained data are significant and were therefore corrected using a rotation matrix. During the survey, the heights of the source and the receiver and their offsets vary in real time and the measured data are contaminated with noise. The noise makes it difficult to interpret the data using the conventional method. Therefore, we developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model to enable rapid predictions of the apparent resistivity using magnetic field data. Field data noise is included in the training datasets of the RNN model to improve its performance on noise-contaminated field data. Compared with the results of the electrical resistivity survey, the trained RNN model predicted similar apparent resistivities for the test field dataset.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Bikes have recently emerged as an alternative to carbon neutrality. To understand the demand for public bikes, we endeavored to estimate travel frequency of public bike by considering the intermediate stops. Using the GPS trajectory data of 'Ttareungyi', a public bike service in Seoul, we identified a stay point and estimated travel frequency reflecting population, land use, and physical characteristics. Application of map matching and a stay point detection algorithm revealed that stay point appeared in about 12.1% of the total trips. Compared to a trip without stay point, the trip with stay point has a longer average travel distance and travel time and a higher occurrence rate during off-peak hours. According to visualization analysis, the stay points are mainly found in parks, leisure facilities, and business facilities. To consider the stay point, the unit of analysis was set as a hexagonal grid rather than the existing rental station base. Travel frequency considering the stay point were analyzed using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model. Results of our analysis revealed that the travel frequency were higher in bike infrastructure where the safety of bike users was secured, such as 'Bikepath' and 'Bike and pedestrian path'. Also, public bikes play a role as first & last mile means of access to public transportation. The measure of travel frequency was also observed to increase in life and employment centers. Considering the results of this analysis, securing safety facilities and space for users should be given priority when planning any additional expansion of bike infrastructure. Moreover, there is a necessity to establish a plan to supply bike infrastructure facilities linked to public transportation, especially the subway.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2001

The characteristics of the heavy metal contamination in the soils affected by the tailings of the Palbong mine have been studied. The soils in the studied area consist mostly of loam by the particle size analysis, but a little of it, located near the stream, consist of loamy sand to sandy loam, finally to loam downward. The organic contents of soils are significantly low aoom 2 percent and the pH is in acidic ranging 6.0 $\pm$ 0.1. The samples of the parent rocks, the normal soils, the tailings and the channel deposits from the studied area were chemically analysed. From the result, the heavy metal concenlration of the soils is a little Jow compared with that of the parent rocks, shows the hydrologic process of the surface and the groundwater. The contamination of the tailings from the ore mining are high in lead, copper and arsenic. In the channel deposits the concenlrations of lead and copper are abnormally high but that of arsenic is uniquely low. And most of heavy metal contamination are decreased with the distance from the mine. It is caused by the properties of the surface and the ground water during the process of the heavy metal migration. The correlation-coefficient between sand and silt contents and the concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb are significant but the amounts of As and Hg are increased with the clay contents. The dispersion of the heavy metals with the distance shows that the concentrations of them in the soils sampled at distance of 100 m to 200 m along the stream started near the Palbong mine are extremely high compared with those from other distances. These discrepancies are significant in Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg, but low in As. All the samples contain below detection limit of Cr+6 In the present stream water the concentrations of the heavy metals are not detected. So, it is interpreted that the concentrations in the soils are caused by the activities of the mining during the operation and have been continued by the dispersion from the tailings since after the closure of the mining, especially by the surface and ground water. The concentrations are diminished with the distance from the mining site, but in the interval of 800-2000 m increases abruptly. In the soil samples counted on the dispersion direction by wind, the lowering of the concentration is relatively uniform with the distance from the mining site. So, the rapid increase of the heavy metal concentrations is presumed to have been caused by the ground-water movement. In the migration of the heavy metals, the groundwater conditions, such as pH, Eh, the contents of colloidal particles, and Mn and Fe oxides are closely involveo. Integrating with these factors, it is interpreted that the groundwater conditions which have caused the heavy metal contamination of the studied area are those that the pH is about 3 in oxidized conditions, the contents of the colloidal particles are low, and Mn and Fe oxides are not involved in the migration of the heavy metals. Meanwhile, the vegetables growing on the soils in the studied area are not affected by the contamination of the heavy metals.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate propriety of using SID 180cm at Chest PA examination and to find effect of geometrical cause to the image. XGEO-GC80, INNOVISION-SH, CXDI-40EG detector and a chest phantom designed self-production was used for this study. Images were acquired at SID 180cm with changing the factor OID as 0, 75 and 83mm and were analyzed by Centricity Radiography RA1000 PACS system. Statistical program was used the SPSS (Version 22.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), p-value(under 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant. In OID 0 mm was enlarged about 2.7~3.5 mm than the actual degree of the HS, BS of phantom in all equipments. Compared with the calculated magnification has been expanded 1.6~2.8% when viewed. The OID 75 mm with OID 83 mm was extended from the CS and BS 6~8 mm range. Compared to the calculated values, the measured values are expanded from 6.1 to 7.9%. CS and BS according to the OID change showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among each group, the post-analysis only OID 0 mm group appeared as an independent group, 75 mm and 83 mm are separated in the same group It was. But had no statistically significant difference could change depending on the OID (p>0.05), post-mortem analysis showed, both in the same group. Heart sizes appears larger than actual size 6~8 mm at chest PA examination which is enlarged 6.1~7.9% more than the actual theoretical value. We can find magnification of the image because of the increase of the OID due to technical limitations between cover of standing detector and the image plate. so we suggest to have occurred between them when considering the need to adjust the equipment installed by the SID to match the characteristics of the equipment.