• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.161-188
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• 2019

Not much is known about the factors of North Korean refugees willingness to report crime. Based on the survey of 800 North Korean refugees living in the metropolitan area of South Korea, this study examined the theoretical factors influencing North Korean refugees' willingness of reporting crime. Focusing on the legal cynicism, procedural justice, and the behavior of law theory, this research verified that procedural justice model is most important in explaining their willingness to report crime. Variables under procedural justice model(i.e., perceived fairness of the law, confidence in the law, and perceived necessity of the law) were significant in an expected direction. On the other hand, most of the hypotheses based on social conditions derived from the five types of stratification, morphology, culture, organization, and social control presented by Donald Black (1974) showed no significant effects on the intent to report crime among North Korean refugees. Implications for research and policies were discussed based on the findings.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Purpose: According to the statistics announced by the Ministry of Unification, the number of North Korean refugees living in South Korea has increased by 200 on average monthly in 2010. The number of refugees increased only by 300 annually until 2000. The total number of refugees as of February 2012 was 20,956. This study aims to investigate the psychobiology of the North Korean refugees who consulted psychiatric clinics among those living daily life in South Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 85 North Korean refugees that consulted psychiatric clinics from January 1, 2005 to July 2011. This study obtained demographic and psychiatric information in a retrospective approach. Results: Among the 85 North Korean refugees, 75 (88.2%) were females and their average age was 48 years of age. A total of 16 (18.8%) were admitted to a clinic and among the inpatients, 4 were admitted twice and two were admitted three times. As for the claimed symptoms of outpatients, insomnia was shown in 47 (55.3%) patients, headaches in 37 (43.5%), anxiety in 20 (23.5%), depression in 19 (22.4%), etc. The major symptoms represented by inpatients were insomnia in 14 (87.5%) patients, depression in 12 (75%), and headaches in 8 (50%), etc. Conclusion: The most frequent psychiatric symptoms of North Korean refugees living in South Korea were insomnia and headaches. It suggests that when performing psychiatric diagnosis and treatment of North Korean refugees, we have to take into consideration the fact that they claimed the physical symptoms more than the emotional ones. Also, from the aspect that most symptoms of North Korean refugees were insomnia, more profound research on sleep is required in the future.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

This study explores how social media influences individual's social development and well-being. Social media is discussed as an effective tool when individuals lacking social and psychological resources are trying to expand their social networks. This study focuses on the social media use of North Korean defectors, who, in general, have closed social media networks in the South Korean society. This study tries to analyze empirically the effect of social media use on North Korean defectors' satisfaction with our society. In particular, this study focuses on how the use of social media influences satisfaction with their life in South Korea at different levels of their emotional states. This study explores that the relationship between social media and satisfaction with their life in South Korea varies based upon the degree of self-esteem and anxiety. This study expects that social media might provide greater benefits for those who are experiencing low self-esteem and high anxiety. In addition, this study conducts the same analysis for the general public and then compares its results with the survey on North Korean defectors. According to the results of North Korean defectors' survey, the impact of social media use on satisfaction with their life in South Korea was greater for those with high anxiety than for those with low anxiety. Meanwhile, the impact was greater for those with high self-esteem than for those with low self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.241-261
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• 2022

The present study aims to investigate the effects of information poverty on North Korean refugees' social adaptation to South Korea based on Chatman's Theory of Information Poverty (1996). Based on the Theory of Information Poverty, information poverty consists of four variables: Secrecy, Deception, Risk-taking, and information acceptance in response to situational relevance. And based on the previous studies, adaptation to South Korean life is divided into social adaptation and psychological adaptation. From August 4 to August 30, 2021, after approval by the IRB through the North Korean refugee support organization , surveys were conducted with North Korean refugees who had lived in South Korea for at least one year and were aged 19 or older. The 100 collected valid data were analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings of the study indicated that information poverty had significant effects on North Korean refugees' social and psychological adaptation. In particular, the "deception" variable had negative effects on social and psychological adaptation. The study has theoretical implications that it explains North Korean refugees' adaptation to South Korea based on Theory of Information Poverty by defining them as information poor. Above all, it attempts a quantitative approach through operationalization of key concepts unlike previous studies that were conducted with qualitative approaches.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

This paper aims to analyze how the Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health, and to provide proposals for policy making on the issue. For the purpose, we specifically suggest analysis of activation plan that 48 Venture Business North Korean managed Enterprise types, Entrepreneur type, Business type, Gender, Profit etc. As a result of analysis of actual proof, First, The Venture Business North Korean refugees managed need to consult to be technology business professionally because they features to be self-employment than expertise and knowledge basis type. Second, the rate of success of North Korean refugees is researched that female is higher than male. Third, to support Venture Business of North Korean refugees, they need one on one incubating support syspen why they are inexperienced in network, technical skills. Fourth, Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health. Since mid 1990's, North Korean refugees have come to South Korea through China or third countries due to collapsing economy of North Korea. In an effort to help those escaping from North Korea, the Seoul government provided them with a 3-month settlement program. But they have had experienced difficulties in communication, cultural assimilation, and confusion in their value system and identity. For the purpose, one-on-one interview was carried out on 45 North Korean refugees living in Seoul and neighboring cities, and the interviewed group was classified into three categories: single households, single-parent families and families with parents. The study findings demonstrated four policy alternatives to help improve quality of life of North Korean refugees and to help their successful settlemen.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 1997

본 연구는 북한 식량사정의 실상과 탈북자들의 북한에서의 영양상태 및 남한에서의 정착 후 영양섭취 변화와 이에 따른 건강상태의 변화를 파악하기 위해 탈북한 일가족 10명을 대상으로 하여, 식이섭취 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 탈북직후와 4개월 후 의료기관에서 검진한 결과를 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반적으로 이들의 체위는 남한의 평균 체위보다 매우 왜소하였으며. 4개월동안 평균 4.5kg 정도의 체중이 증가하였다. 이들의 식생활은 북한에서 주로 감자, 강냉이밥, 강냉이로 만든 국수, 산나물등 식물성 식품위주의 식사였으나 남한에서는 동물성 식품의 섭취가 급격히 증가하였다. 이북에서 이들의 평균 열량섭취량은 한국인 영양권장량에 비교할 때 50% 정도로 매우 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 남한에서도 열량섭취는 증가하지 않았다. 그러나 대부분의 영양소의 섭취는 북한과 비교할 때 남한에서 증가를 보였고, 특히 콜레스테롤 섭취는 급격한 증가를 보였다. 탈북직후의 이들 혈중 알부민, 포토당, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트 농도는 대부분 정상이었으며, 혈액의 지질농도도 정상범위에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 북한 식량난은 더욱 심각할 것으로 추측할 수 있으나 이들의 거주할 당시의 북한에서는 하루 2끼 식사에 강냉이를 주로 하는밥이나 죽, 그리고 나물 등을 주로 먹은 것으로 나타났다. 명절은 김일성 생일, 김정일 생일, 8.15해방절, 조국 해방전쟁 승리일등이 있고, 이런 명절에서는 설탕, 밀가루등 특별배급이 추가되나 특별한 명절음식은 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 북한에는 양념이 매우 귀하며, 특히 고춧가루가 귀해서 주로 백김치를 담가서 먹고 있었다. 현재 북한에서 가장 필요로 하는 것으로 쌀, 잡곡류, 고기 그리고 참깨 등의 양념류와 의약품 및 비누 등을 제시하였다. 현재 자료수집이 극도로 제한된 상황에서 북한 주민들의 정확한 식이섭취 상태와 영양상태 판정은 불가능한 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구의 대상자가 극히 소수이고, 실제로 이들이 북한에서 소외된 계층이었으므로 본 연구결과가 북한의 사정을 정확히 대표한다고 할 수는 없으나 이들의 조사가 앞으로 북한주민의 영양상태를 판정하는데 중요한 자료가 되었으면 한다. 앞으로 통일에 대비하여 북한 주민들의 식생활의 양상과 정확한 영양상태에 대해 많은 연구가 시도되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.354-372
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• 2020

This study analyzed how North Korean defectors recognized and overcame conflict in the South Korean job culture during the course of entering and settling into South Korea, and the association between their old career and adaptation within their new careers. The study selected 13 employed participants who entered South Korea more than five years ago and experienced working. Interviews were conducted over the course of five years. The topics were analyzed after performing interviews 60 to 120 minutes long by recording and transcribing the recordings and using semi-structured questionnaires for the 13 people. The results reflected the job environment in North Korea, their career background, factors for a successful new life, their constant efforts for employment, the difficult adaption to South Korean life, pursuing job stability, accepting South Korean culture, and career compromises. The results of this study are as follows. First, they undergo difficulty in the course of selecting jobs due to the converted environment from passivity to autonomy. Second, they cannot use their previous job history and they complained about prejudice and the lack of job information. Third, major problems included their lack of adaptability, stress, and loss of economic power. The study suggests that these North Korean defectors undergo an integrated course of cultural learning. Fourth, they were hardly able to adapt. Fifth, they tried to overcome conflicts of job culture according to their personal characteristics.

• KDI북한경제리뷰
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

• KDI북한경제리뷰
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.21-29
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• 2020

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship of related variables in order to promote entrepreneurship, which is one way to support the economic independence and stable settlement of North Korean defectors. This study is firstly to examine the influence of individualism and collectivism on entrepreneurial intentions, and secondly, to examine the mediating effect of social adaptability in the relationship between socialist value system and entrepreneurial intention. To this end, a survey was conducted on North Korean defectors, and the empirical analysis target was 223 North Korean defectors. For the verification of the causal relationship between personal disposition and entrepreneurial intention, and the causal relationship between value system and entrepreneurial intention PLS was used. And PROCESS for SPSS Macro was used to verify the mediating effect of social adaptation in the relationship between the value system and entrepreneurial intention. Looking at the results of the empirical analysis, the extraversion factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention level of North Korean defectors, and the self-fulfillment desire factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. It was also found that individualist values have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of North Korean defectors, and collectivist values do not have a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions. As a result of examining the mediating effect of social adaptability between individualism/collectivism and entrepreneurial intention in this study, it was found that individualist value has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intention without engaging social adaptability.