• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.403-413
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• 1998

Purpose: We investigated reproducibility of the quantification of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, and grading of myocardial wall motion and systolic thickening when we used gated myocardial SPECT and Cedars quantification software. Materials and Methods: We performed gated myocardial SPECT in 33 consecutive patients twice in the same position after Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT We used 16 frames per cycle for the gating of sequential Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT. After reconstruction, we used Cedars quantitative gated SPECT and calculated ventricular volume and ejection fraction (EF). Wall motion was graded using 5 point score. Wall thickening was graded using 4 point score. Coefficient of variation for re-examination of volume and fraction were calculated. Kappa values (k-value) for assessing reproducibility of wall motion or wall thickening were calculated. Results: Enddiastolic volumes (EDV) ranged from 58 ml to 248 ml (122 ml +/- 42 ml), endsystolic volumes (ESV) from 20 ml to 174 ml (65 ml +/- 39 ml), and EF from 20% to 65% (51% +/- 14%). Geometric mean of standard deviations of 33 patients was 5.0 ml for EDV, 3.9 ml for ESV and 1.9% for EF. Their average differences were not different from zero (p>0.05). k-value for wall motion using 2 consecutive images was 0.76 (confidence interval: 0.71-0.81). k-value was 0.87 (confidence interval: 0.83-0.90) for assessment of wall thickening. Conclusion: We concluded that quantification of functional indices, assessment of wall motion and wall thickening using gated Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT was reproducible and we could use this method for the evaluation of short-acting drug effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2020

The distance between the source and the detector, the diameter of the detector, and the volume effect of the radiation source result in a change in solid angle at the detector entrance, which affects the determination of detection efficiency by causing a difference in path length within the detector. A typical analysis method for calculating solid angles was useful only for a source (⁶⁰Co) with a simple geometric structure, so in this experiment, the distance between the detector and the source was measured by switching on for up to 25 cm with the reference point of window cap 0.5 cm. In addition, 450 and 1000 ㎖ Marinelli beaker of standard volumetric sources were closely adhered to the detector. For circular point sources co-axial with the detector, the change in the solid angle to the distance from the detector window is equal to half the square radius of the source versus the square radius of the detector, if the resulting relationship of the calculation analysis results in the detector being less than the radius of the source. Since the solid angular difference is 0.5 the result of Monte Carlo is acceptable. The relationship between detector and source distance is shown. Solid angles have been verified to decrease rapidly with distance. Measurement and simulation results for a volumetric source show a difference of ±1.01% from a distance of 0 cm and less than 4 % when the distance is reduced to 5 and 10 cm. It can be seen that the longer distance, the smaller efficiency angle, and the exponential increase in attenuation as the energy decreases, is reflected in the calculation of efficiency. Thus, the detection efficiency has proved sufficient for the use of solid angle and Monte Carlo codes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.101.2-101.2
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• 2015

급속한 산업화로 인하여 에너지 부족 문제가 대두되고 있는 가운데 에너지 저감 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 국내 반도체 공정의 배기계통에서 소비되는 에너지는 전체 공정에 소비되는 에너지중 상당량에 달하며 10%의 에너지 절감은 연간 1000억원 이상의 비용절감 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 반도체 공정 배기계통은 진공펌프의 특성, 챔버의 부피, 도관의 구조(직경, 길이, 형상), 진공재료의 기체방출 등 여러 가지 요소의 복합적인 영향으로 그 상태가 달라지므로 보다 효과적인 공정의 운용과 에너지 절감을 위해 반도체 공정의 복합 상태 진단기술 개발이 요구되고 있으며 그중 큰 비중을 차지하는 드라이펌프의 실시간 모니터링 기술의 개발이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 반도체 공정의 복합 상태 진단기술 개발에 대한 기초 연구로서 반도체 공정 배기계통의 conductance 및 유량 변화에 대한 드라이펌프의 특성을 이론적 계산으로 얻어진 결과와 실험을 통하여 얻어진 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 진공펌프의 기본 특성은 한국표준과학연구원에서 국제규격에 따라 도달진공도, 배기속도, 소비전력, gas load, 소음, 진동 등을 분석하였고, 나노종합기술원의 PECVD 장비(chamber A: amorphous silicon 및 loadlock chamber)에 챔버의 부피, 도관의 구조, 공정가스의 유량 등을 측정하여 simulation 하였으며, 실제 측정값은 LabVIEW 프로그래밍으로 자동화 된 MFC를 이용하여 실제 공정 상태를 모사하였다. 실험은 PECVD의 특성을 고려하여 질소분위기에서 CDG (Capacitance Diaphragm Gauge)를 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.269-271
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 사람이 바다에 빠졌을 때 생명유지에 필요한 최소 부력을 지원하기 위한 방법을 모색하는데 있다. 이 연구를 위해서는, 각종 기체의 부력에 관한 이론을 조사하여 해상에서 어떠한 기체를 이용하는 것이 가장 최적인지를 탐구하는 것과, 어떠한 재질을 이용하여 부력을 형성할 것인지?, 어떠한 해상실험을 통해서 최적의 부력 값을 입증할 것인지 등 그 내용이 방대하다. 본 고찰에서는 풍선에 기체를 주입한 경우 그에 대한 부력실험 방법을 검토하였다. 최소한의 부력을 지원하기 위하여 풍선에 일정량의 $CO_2$를 넣고 이에 대한 부력측정 방법을 검토하였다. 그리고 $CO_2$가 주입된 풍선을 이용하여 다수의 실험자를 통해서 최소의 $CO_2$ 주입량을 측정하였다. 검토결과, 일정량의 $CO_2$를 넣은 풍선의 부피는 풍선의 재질에 따라 달랐으며, 당연한 결과이지만 부피가 클수록 실험자들은 물에서 잘 뜰 수 있었다. 본 검토결과는 휴대가 간편한 최소 부력 지원 장치의 개발에 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 1995

Chitosan microcapsules and microbeads were prepared by W/O emulsion method, and their morphologies were observed through SEM. The microcapsules have skin layer of 8 Um and 250 Um of mean diameter, The swelling test showed higher s welling ability in protic solvents than in aphotic solvents. After containing moth-yl violet in the microcapsules, the release patterns were investigated. The results sho wed that the addition of Iysozyme in pH 5.1 acetate buffer accelerated the re-lease rate. In case of the microbeads, the mean diameter was about 70 Um. The surface of the microbeads showed porous structures. The swelling ability of the beads revealed two times higher than the one of the microcapsules.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.355-363
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• 2003

Purpose: Regional contractility can be calculated using the regional volume change of left ventricle measured by gated myocardial SPECT image and curve of central artery pressure obtained from radial artery pressure data. In this study, a program to obtain the regional contractility was developed, and reproducibility of regional contractility measurement was assessed. Materials and Methods: Seven patients(male:female=5:2, $58{\pm}11.9$ years) with coronary artery diseases underwent gated Tc-99m MIBI myocardial SPECT twice without delay between two scans. Regional volume change of left ventricle was estimated using CSA (Cardiac SPECT Analyzer) software developed in this study. Regional contractility was iteratively estimated from the time-elastance curve obtained using the time-pressure curve and regional time-volume curve. Reproducibility of regional contractility measurement assessed by comparing the contractility values measured twice from the same SPECT data and by comparing those measured from the pair of SPECT data obtained from a same patient. Results: Measured regional contractility was $3.36{\pm}3.38{mm}Hg/mL$ using 15-segment model, $3.16{\pm}2.25{mm}Hg/mL$ using 7-segment model, and $3.11{\pm}2.57{mm}Hg/mL$ using 5-segment model. The harmonic average of regional contractility value was almost identical to the global contractility. Correlation coefficient of regional contractility values measured twice from the same data was greater than 0.97 for all models, and two standard deviations of contractility difference on Bland Altman plot were 1.5%, 1.0%, and 0.9% for 15-, 7-, and 5-segment models, respectively. Correlation coefficient of regional contractility values measured from the pair of SPECT data obtained from a same patient was greater than 0.95 for all models, and two standard deviations on Bland Altman plot were 2.2%, 1.0%, and 1.2%. Conclusion: Regional contractility of left ventricle measured using developed software in this study was reproducible. Regional contractility of left ventricle will be a new useful index for myocardial function after analysis of the clinical data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2001

백판지는 포장용기로 사용되기 때문에 인쇄적성 이외에 다양한 후가공적성이 요구 된다. V Varnish Coating도 이러한 후가공적성 중의 하나로서 국내 인쇄소에서는 기계 코팅으로 불리 우며, 목적은 표면에 고분자수지 피막을 입힘으로써 인쇄물의 광택을 높여서 상품가치를 높이고 수운침투와 같은 외부환경의 변화로부터 상품을 안전하게 보관하기 위함이다. arnish C Coating은 인쇄기의 마지막 Unit에서 인쇄와 동일한 방식으로 진행되는데, 코팅액의 배합은 인쇄소와 인쇄물에 따라 상이하다. 본 연구는 Varnish Coating(OI하 기계코팅) 광택향상을 통 한 품질개선 목적으로 수행되었다. 기계 코팅의 특 성 을 파 악 하 기 위 해 서 Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometer와 FT -IR Sp e ectrometer를 사용하여 성문운석을 실시해본 결과 코팅액으로 사용되는 광택바니스는 아크 랄과 페놀수지를 툴루엔 계열의 용매에 녹인 용액이고, 흐$\mid$석제로 쓰이는 인쇄바니스는 스티 렌수지를 동일한 용매에 녹인 용액으로 조사되었다. 기계코팅광택 저하현상의 원인파악을 위해서 도공층의 공극구조를 Mercury Porosimeter를 이용하여 파악한 결과 기공의 부피가 상 대적으로 크게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 토대로 기계코팅광택 저하는 코팅액이 과도한 기공부피를 갖는 도공층 내부 로 대부분 홉수되고 표면에 적은 양만이 잔류하기 때문으로 판단하고 해결방안은 도공층의 기공부피를 줄이는 쪽으로 정하였다. Mayor Coater와 QC를 이용하여 Coating Color Formula t tion 번경실힘을 진행하여 도공지 물성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Double Coating의 Top Color에 서 강력한 상호작용을 하는 Protein과 콜레이를 감량 하고 경질탄산칼숨을 배제하여 기공의 부피를 줄인 경우 기계코팅광택 향상효과가 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 Lab 실험을 바탕으로 결정된 Color Formulation에 대한 현장실험을 진행하였고 Lab 평가 및 실인쇄 평가 결과 원하는 수준의 기계코팅광택 향상을 얻을 수 있었다. 몇 차례의 현장실험과 Long-Run Test한 제품들에 대한 물성을 문석한 결과 기계코팅굉택은 인쇄 광택과 같은 경향을 나타냈으며 실협실적으로 간단하게 측정되는 물성 중에서 Air Permeability와 강한 음의 상관관계롤 보였다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1996

The sensory and instrumental characteristics of Jeung-pyun made from various additives were investigated to improve the qualify of Jeung pyun and to know the effects of additives on Jeung-pyun preparation. In sensory evaluation of Jeung-pyun made from various additives, hardness was significantly lower by addition of soy bean flour, whole milk powder, and egg yolk. The cell uniformity of Jeung-pyun was significantly lower by addition of egg yolk and mugwort. And the dgree of bitterness Jeung-pyun containing soy bean flour and mugwort flour were significantly higher than that of control. Retrogradation of Jeung-pyun assessed from DSC thermogram and hardness measured by texturometer was delayed by addition of soy bean flour, and whole milk powder.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

This study presents the thermal behaviors of glass beads-rubber mixtures depending on the volumetric fraction of each constituent and relative size between them. The transient plane source method is used to measure the effective thermal conductivity of mixtures. The discrete element method (DEM) and the thermal network model are integrated to investigate the particle-scale mechanism of heat transfer in granular packings. Results show that 1) the effective thermal conductivity decreases as the rubber fraction increases, and 2) the relative size between two solid particles dominates the spatial configuration of inter-particle contact condition that in tum determines the majority of heat propagation path through particle contacts. For the mixtures whose volumetric fraction of rubber is identical, the less conductive materials (e.g., rubber particles) with a large size facilitate heat transfer in granular materials. The experimental results and particle-scale observation highlight that the thermal conduction behavior is dominated not only by the volumetric fraction but also the spatial configuration of each constituent.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

In this study, the production of proper emulsion fuel and the evaluation of its rheological stability in various experimental conditions were carried out. The W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion fuel was made using n-decane, pure water, and Span 80 was used as a surfactant. Increments of water volume ratio and fuel temperature were the factors, which boosted the phase separation of the emulsion fuel. Rheological characteristics for different water/oil volume ratio, temperature, and elapsed time after the fuel production were examined. As the water volume ratio in the fuel increased, the behavior of non-Newtonian fluid was observed. Viscosity declined as the fuel temperature increased due to the cohesion of water droplets in the fuel. The effect of elapsed time on viscosity was not severe for lower water ratio. However, gradual decrease of viscosity 3 hours after fuel production, in the case of ratio of 3:7, was clearly observed.