• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2008

On July 31, 2008, the Government issued the construction and operation permit for the first low and intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility in the Republic of Korea. In this paper, the fundamental regulatory framework, regulatory requirements and technical standards of the disposal facility are introduced, and the phased review process adopted for evaluation of the safety of the facility is briefly described. The Atomic Energy Act sets forth a stepwise regulatory framework for the whole life-cycle of the disposal facility such as siting, design, construction, operation, closure and institutional control. More detailed regulatory requirements and technical standards are stipulated in the subsequent regulations of the Atomic Energy Act and a series of Notices issued by the Ministry of Eduction, Science and Technology. The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, as entrusted by the Ministry under the Atomic Energy Act, conducted safety review on the disposal facility, and evaluated the compliance with relevant criteria in all technical elements(i.e. siting and structural safety, radiological environmental impact, operational safety, systems and components, quality assurance, and total systematic performance assessment, etc.). The overall safety review process can be phased into inception phase, initial review phase, main review phase and completion phase. The review results were reported to and deliberated by the five Sub-committees of the Special Committee on Nuclear Safety, and then reported to the Ministry. The Ministry issued the construction and operation permit of the disposal facility through the deliberation of the review results by the Nuclear Safety Commission. Hereafter, the safety of the repository will be reassured by a series of subsequent regulatory inspections and reviews under the Atomic Energy Act. In addition, the licensee's continuous implementation of the "Safety Promotion Plan" may also enhance the long-term safety of the repository and contribute to build-up the confidence of the safety case.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2008

The purpose of Radioactive Waste Acceptance Criteria(WAC) is to verify a radioactive waste compliance with radioactive disposal facility requirements in order to maintain a disposal facility's performance objectives and to ensure its safety. To develop WAC which is conformable with domestic disposal site conditions, we furthermore analysed the WAC of foreign disposal sites similar to the Kyung-Ju disposal site and the characteristics of various wastes which are being generated from Korea nuclear facilities. Radioactive WAC was developed in the technical cooperation with the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in consideration of characteristics of the wastes which are being generated from various facilities, waste generators' opinions and other conditions. The established criteria was also discussed and verified at an advisory committee which was comprised of some experts from universities, institutes and the industry. So radioactive WAC was developed to accept all wastes which are being generated from various nuclear facilities as much as possible, ensuring the safety of a disposal facility. But this developed waste acceptance criteria is not a criteria to accept all the present wastes generated from various nuclear facilities, so waste generators must seek an alternative treatment method for wastes which were not worth disposing of, and then they must treat the wastes more to be acceptable at a disposal site. The radioactive disposal facility WAC will continuously complement certain criteria related to a disposal concentration limit for individual radionuclide in order to ensure a long-term safety.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.191-191
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• 2011

최근 빗물이 우리가 앞으로 이용할 수 있는 수자원이라는 사회적인 인식의 변화와 함께 빗물이용이 더욱 요구되어졌다. 특히 빗물의 이용 저류 침투를 목적으로 하는 우수 관리에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 빗물이용시설의 설치, 운용의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 반해 화재발생은 해마다 증가하고 있으며, 화재 증가는 소방력 활동의 증가로 귀결되는데 현장활동 인력과 장비 그리고 화재를 진압하는데 사용되는 소방용수 증가를 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 빗물을 소방용수로 즉, 화재진압시 활용 가능성과 수자원 절약, 화재 사각지역 해소 측면을 살펴보기 위해서 통계분석, 현장조사, 기존 빗물이용시설 및 향후 완공 예정인 우수유출저감시설 활용과 소방용수 미설치 지역과 소방관서 옥상에 빗물이용시설 설치 방안을 제시하였으며, 그에 따른 공공서비스 확대와 경제성 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 기존 빗물이용시설을 소방용수로 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 빗물이용시설의 주 용도로 조경용수, 청소용수, 소방용수로 나눌 수 있는데 이수 측면에서 화재가 발생하지 않으면 소방용수로서 이용이 거의 없는 실정이다. 이는 해당 건물관계자나 소방대원들이 빗물이용시설을 인식을 못하고, 사용과 접근성 불편으로 상수도와 연결된 소화전에 의존하는 경우가 많다고 본다. 둘째, 상수도시설이 없는 지역은 빗물이용으로 소방용수를 확보해야 한다. 섬, 산간, 고지대, 농촌지역 등 상수도 서비스를 공급받지 못하는 지역은 화재발생시 수원확보곤란으로 인명과 재산피해의 증가요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 공공서비스 확대차원에서 화재 사각지역을 해소하기 위해 지붕면을 이용한 각 가정마다 또는 공동 빗물저장소와 지형의 비탈면을 이용한 빗물이용시설 설치로 소방용수 확보의 필요성을 확인했다. 셋째, 소방관서 신설시 빗물이용시설을 도입하여 설치한다. 화재통계와 현장조사를 통하여 소방차 출동대기부터 화재진압까지 많은 양의 물이 사용되는 것으로 파악되었다. 대부분 먹는 물 즉, 상수도를 이용한다는 점에서 수자원 절약과 화재진압에 사용된 물은 재생 불가능이라는 환경보전 측면에서 빗물이용으로 해답을 찾아본다. 따라서 빗물을 많이 저장할 수 있도록 옥상, 부지 등 집수면적을 확대하고 이에 적합한 저류시설을 갖춘 빗물이용시설을 설치한다. 끝으로 신속하고 효율적인 화재진압이 중요한 만큼 빗물을 소방용수로 활용하고자 할 때는 언제 어디에서나 현장 접근성, 사용 편리성, 충분한 수량을 고려해야한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Aging and damaged underground utilities cause cavity and ground subsidence under roads, which can cause economic losses and risk user safety. This study used infrared cameras to assess the thermal characteristics of such cavities and evaluate their reliability using a CNN algorithm. PVC pipes were embedded at various depths in a test site measuring 400 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm. Concrete blocks were used to simulate road surfaces, and measurements were taken from 4 PM to noon the following day. The initial temperatures measured by the infrared camera were 43.7℃, 43.8℃, and 41.9℃, reflecting atmospheric temperature changes during the measurement period. The RP algorithm generates images in four resolutions, i.e., 10,000 × 10,000, 2,000 × 2,000, 1,000 × 1,000, and 100 × 100 pixels. The accuracy of the CNN model using RP images as input was 99%, 97%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. These results represent a considerable improvement over the 73% accuracy obtained using time-series images, with an improvement greater than 20% when using the RP algorithm-based inputs.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2011

In our nature, the utilization of rainwater is essential for healthy water recirculation. This is one of the solutions of the increment of impermeability surface according to the development of new cities; this study of the improvement of rainwater quality has been carried on through the improvement of collecting and restoring system of rainwater. The southwestern region of Daejeon City, the rainwater coefficient of run off was 0.40 and this number had computed to 0.59 after the development. After filtration of rainwater, the heavy metal (Cu, As, Cr, Fe, Mn) contents level were lower than underground water. Moreover, collected rainwater showed better quality than underground water in following criteria; hardness, permanganate consumption quality, chloride, evaporation residue, sulfates and nitrate nitrogen. This water quality met the gray water quality standards. The rainwater quality was still suitable to use as bathroom flushing and gardening after 100 days of storage. This study proved that modification (installation of cover with gutter to existing rainwater collection system, proper filtering, and installation of underground storage tank) of collection system could improve quality of water and maintain this approximately 100 days.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.431-437
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• 2005

In korea, Freight generation models developed in korea were estimated by spatial unit method which predict freight flow by traffic zone. But it is difficult to predict freight generation using these models, because there are the difference of the totality method of sampling data on freight volume and the variability of the variables by these models on each case study, This study developed new estimation model to predict freight flow which is generated from each company using the characteristics of each company such as the freight outbound & inbound volume, the number of employee, sales, gross area, land area. This model is simpler than the that of spatial unit and can apply to the other region. The subjects of study were companies in metropolitan area and types of model were exponential regression models. The adequate explanatory variable in the models were sales. this study have a uniqueness apply micro research method to estimate freight generation not use spatial unit method but use flow unit method by each company unit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

In the United States (U.S.), the monitored natural attenuation (MNA) approach has been used as an alternative remedial option for organic and inorganic compounds retained in soil and dissolved in groundwater. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines the MNA as“in-situ naturally-occurring processes include biodegradation, diffusion, dilution, sorption, volatilization, and/or chemical and biochemical stabilization of contaminants and reduce contaminant toxicity, mobility or volume to the levels that are protective of human health and the environment”. The Department of Soil Environment. National Institute Environmental Research (NIER) is in the process for demonstrating the MNA approach as a potential remedial option for the BTEX contaminated site in Uiwang City. The project is charactering the research site in terms of the nature and extend of contamination, biological degradation rate, and geochemical and hydrological properties. The microbial-degradation rate and effectiveness of nutrient and redox supplements will be determined through laboratory batch and column tests. The geochemical process will be monitored for determining the concentration changes of chemical species involved in the electron transfer processes that include methanogenesis, sulfate and iron reduction, denitrification, and aerobic respiration. Through field works, critical soil and hydrogeologic parameters will be acquired to simulate the effects of dispersion, advection, sorption, and biodegradation on the fate and transport of the dissolved-phase BTEX plume using Bioplume III model. The objectives of this multi-years research project are (1) to evaluate the MNA approach using the BTEX contaminated site in Uiwang City, (2) to establish a standard protocol for future application of the approach, (3) to investigate applicability of the passive approach as a secondary treatment remedy after active treatments. In this presentation, the overall picture and philosophy behind the MNA approach will be reviewed. Detailed discussions of the site characterization/monitoring plans and risk-based decision-making processes for the demonstration site will be included.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2011

Age and growth pattern of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were determined using samples collected in Jinhae Bay in Korea during the spawning period from 2006 to 2009. The ages of 333 specimens were estimated using their otoliths. The reliability of scales as a means of age determination was analyzed by comparing the ages estimated from otoliths and scales of 96 specimens. The scales collected from the base of the second dorsal fin or from the caudal peduncle were proved to be suitable for age determination of Pacific cod. Monthly changes in the marginal index in otoliths decreased from December showing the lowest value in February. Ages ranged from 4 to 6 years for both females and males, and most of them were 6 years old. Relationships between the otolith radius (R) and total length (TL) were TL=10.4R+3.1 for males, and TL=11.5R+3.4 for females. The growth curves in total length ($L_t$, cm) were expressed as $L_t$=141.5 [1-exp{-0.089 (t+0.209)}] for males and $L_t$=127.5 [1-exp {-0.124 (t+0.077)}] for females.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.547-559
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• 2012

Abandoned channel is vestiges of running in the past. Abandoned channels have been formed mostly by artificial river maintenance through channel straightening in Korea. Managed properly, these now abandoned channels can provide habitat for wildlife, maintain biodiversity of aquatic life, security against flooding and recreation area for human. However, because the areas are officially classified as abandoned, the channels is collapsing and decaying from years of neglect. This study suggested functional assessment for wetland-type abandoned channel in order to provide appropriate management and investment. For this reason, The study will examine and evaluate these channels with regard to the following four major criteria (Natureless, Habitat, Water-friendliness and Water quality) and 21 indices. Consequently, abandoned channel in two Nakdong river sites, site 1 was needed for protection or improvement in the medium to longer term, while site 2 was in good condition. This evaluation method will be helpful to manage wetland-type abandoned channel in Korea and will be able to use National River Health Program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.42-54
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to critically examine the result and the quality of urban park design as infrastructure by analyzing the landscape architectural design competition for Cheongna New City, which was organized by the Korea Land Corporation. This paper is meaningful in that it broadly examines several recent design competitions for urban parks, thereby discussing what the future urban park should be. This study explores the existing analysis methods of design competitions in order to establish a comprehensive method of analysis for the Cheongna competition. Through reinterpreting the concept of the urban park as infrastructure and the design strategies of landscape urbanism, nine key words and a framework for the analysis of urban park design are established. By analyzing the guidelines for the competition, five key words; networking, site, ecology, scale, and infrastructure have been selected and are used as the framework of analysis for the competition. The analysis of the contestants of the competition based on the proposed analysis method leads to a few implications for urban park design as infrastructure: networking and scale from the perspective of the development site; the creation of a sense of place and symbolism in creating the urban image; planning for an ecological urban environment; focus on the significance of the urban park as infrastructure. These implications are highlighted and discussed by the contestants through a variety of experiments. These ideas, however, are provided as a simple configuration of shapes and conceptual explanations and fail to be developed into synthetic, practical strategies.