• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

Giving behavior can be defined to be a behavior intended to benefit the society's charity works and public works via sharing one's financial resources. The determinants of giving behavior largely consist of sociodemographic factors, such as the income, age, gender, religion, education level, residential areas, and tax deduction policy, etc. This paper considers the income level, self-esteem, and perceived responsibility toward social welfare, as the major research variables. Statistical results, based on 2014 Korean Welfare Panel data, show that the income level and self-esteem have positive influence on participation intention in charitable giving. However, welfare responsibility has negative impact on participation intention. Second, household income was the only salient, negative factor for giving efforts defined as the amount of donation over income, implying that the higher income brackets are giving less money relative to their income level, than those with lower income level. Contrary to our expectation, self-esteem and welfare responsibility were not statistically significant explanatory variables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.408-417
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• 2016

This study researched about problem of Xenophobia and proposed countermeasures of the police. This study utilized previous studies and statistical of Xenophobia. Xenophobia was negative reaction about foreign stranger joined area of native people. and native hated stranger. Xenophobia has not yet big trouble in Korean society. But small trouble will prospect be big trouble. Xenophobia in Korea society was influenced by increase of migrant worker, increase of foreigner, negatude of foreigner from low income countries, native troubled immigrant, receptivity of multi-cultural. Accordingly, This Situation will be big social problem. and we need active counteract. Active counteract plan utilized police of public power. So. This study suggest plan of police. Plan of police stretch the criminal justice by Xenophobia crime, active response of media and SNS negative about foreigner, crash-prevention native, foreign crime prevention.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-139
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• 2019

This study aims to verify how trust in government leads voters' electoral participation with paying attention to their political orientations. In particular, this study takes voters' partisan consideration into account to examine different direction of the effect of trust in government on electoral participation depending on their ideology and partisan preferences. Key findings show that governmental trust has a positive influence on electoral participation for voters who have conformable ideological orientations to the incumbent government and positive preferences toward the ruling party. In contrast, distrust in government is more likely to increase the possibility of electoral participation for those who have different ideology from the incumbent, negative attitude toward the ruling party, and partisan preferences of the opposition party. Previous studies on the relationship between governmental trust and electoral participation have been mixed as yet. For the sake of explaining this inconclusiveness, this study focuses on partisan foundation of voters' political decision making. It contributes to our understanding of the political properties of governmental trust and its implications for representative democracy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a group counseling program as an integrative psychotherapy program to alleviate depression and physical symptoms of 22 women in 60s who experience depression as a symptom of conversion disorder and also tried to prove the effectivity of the program by using comparative analyze of pre-post changes. The Korean-style Elderly Depression Test(K-GDS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ), Hamilton Depression Assessment Scale Questionnaire, PHQ-9 and interpersonal relationship scale (RCS) were conducted and pre-post-corresponding sample t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed depression reduction, physical symptoms alleviation, decreases in negative emotions and beliefs, and positive changes in interpersonal relationships. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2001

환경문제와 관련된 위해도 인식과 정부규제에 대한 인식을 조사하기 위하여, 일반인, 환경전문가, 공무원, 언론인 그리고 사회단체의 5개 집단을 대상으로 하여 2000년 3월부터 4월에 걸쳐 3000부의 설문지를 배포하여 총 1803부를 회수하였다(회수율 60.1%). 설문조사 내용은 환경문제가 사람의 건강에 미치는 위해에 대한 인식, 환경문제를 개선 및 방지하기 위해 정부의 규제가 어느 정도 필요한지 그리고 정부의 환경오염개선 및 보전을 위한 노력 정도, 환경오염개선을 위한 규제, 기업체에서의 환경관리의 노력정도에 대한 사회집단의 인식차이 등의 내용을 조사하였고, 조사결과의 해석을 위한 척도는 1점에서 7점 척도로 구성하였고, 높은 척도일수록 부정적인 응답으로 되도록 하였다.(중략)

• Digital Contents
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• no.5 s.132
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• pp.120-130
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• 2004

초기 저작권(copyright)은 낱말 뜻 그대로 카피할 권리(right to copy), 즉 복사권을 의미했다. 그러나 IT의 발전과 더불어 방송권, 영화 판권 등이 이에 포함됐으며, 새로운 이용방법의 발달과 더불어 대여권이 저작권의 내용으로 논의되기에 이르렀다. 이렇듯 저작권은 사이버스페이스의 등장과 더불어 확장일로에 있으며 새로운 해석과 개념정립이 요구되고 있다. 특히 최근의 기술발전은 정보의 이동이 지리적 한계를 갖지 않으며 거래 비용의 문제도 거의 무시할 정도가 됐다. 이는 정보 중심의 사회로 가는 견인차 역할을 하고 있는 IT의 발전으로 가능해진 것이다. 그러나 IT의 발달은 소프트웨어의 불법복제 등으로 인한 창작의욕 및 산업 발전에 부정적인 영향을 주는 요인으로도 작용하고 있다. 최근 들어 정보화사회로 나아가면서 지적재산권의 개념은 정보 자체를 보호대상으로 하기 위해 본질적인 면까지 바꾸면서 정보재산권으로 발전하고 있다. 여기서는 사이버스페이스에서 논의되고 있는 저작권의 개념과 환경의 변화를 검토한다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.15
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• pp.43-52
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• 2003

교육과정은 그 시대에 적합한 요구들을 반영하여야 한다. 제 7차 수학과 교육과정에서 이산수학의 도입이 바로 정보화 시대의 반영이라고 볼 수 있다. 즉, 이산수학의 도입은 수학의 변화가 수학교육의 변화로 이어졌다는 점에서 긍정적으로 평가할 수 있다. 그러나 새로운 내용의 교육과정 도입은 충분한 검증 절차의 부재로 인하여 부정적인 측면도 나타날 수 있다. 예를 들어, 교사양성 대학에서 이미 오래 전부터 개설되어진 해석학이나 대수학 같은 강좌와는 달리 이산수학의 강좌는 비교적 최근에 개설되어 졌으므로 대부분의 현장교사들은 이산수학 내용에 대한 지식이 거의 없다는데 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 바탕으로 우선, 교사양성 대학교육과정에서의 이산수학에 대한 충분한 연구와 우리 현실에 맞는 교재의 재구성이 요구되어진다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 7차교육과정을 고려하여, 교사양성 대학에 적합한 이산수학 강좌에 대한 구체적인 예들을 제시하여 사범대학 학생들로 하여금 이산수학을 제대로 이해하고, 아울러 이러한 연구가 현직 교사연수에도 충분히 반영될 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 1998

본 논문은 시간 기반의 약속 방법을 강조하는 시간제한적 협상구조를 소개한다. 에이전트들이 보내는 메세지에 약속기간을 첨부함으로써, 기존의 contact wet protocol(on)을 시간이 제약되어 있는 환경에서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있도록 확장할 수 있으며, 그로부터 시간제한적 협상 구조(TBNF: Time-Bounded Negotiation Framework)를 만들 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 약속기간을 가진 메시지를 의미론적으로 해석하고, 세가지 프로토콜 - 무보장 프로토콜, 승인보장 프로토콜, 그리고 유한시간 보장 프로토콜을 비교하는데, 이것들은 시간제한적 협상구조에 모두 포함될 수 있다. 제안된 협상 구조는 약속 기간 연장 요청이라는 새로운 메시지 유형과 부정적 약속(Negative Commitment)이라는 새로운 약속 개념을 가지고 있다. 시간제한적 협상 구조(TBNF)는 각 에이전트의 적응적 협상 전략을 수용하면서 효율적이며 효과적인 전자상거래 협상에 대한 구조를 제공할 것으로 예상되며, 이의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 실험결과를 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2008

Most of the extant studies on communication effects have been devoted to the typical issue, "what types of communication activities are more effective for brand awareness or brand attitudes?" However, little research has addressed another question on communication decisions, "what makes communication activities less effective?" Our study focuses on factors negatively influenced on the efficiency of communication activities, especially of Advertising. Some studies have introduced concepts closely related to our topic such as consumer confusion, brand confusion, or belief confusion. Studies on product belief confusion have found some factors misleading consumers to misunderstand the physical features of products. Studies on brand confusion have uncovered factors making consumers confused on brand names. Studies on advertising confusion have tested the effects of ad models' employed by many other firms for different products on communication efficiency. We address a new concept, Ad noises, which are any factors interfering with consumers exposed to a particular advertisement in understanding messages provided by advertisements. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of ad noises caused by ad models on brand awareness and brand attitude. There are many different types of AD noises. Particularly, we study the effects of AD noises generated from ad model selection decision. Many companies want to employ celebrities as AD models while the number of celebrities who command a high degree of public and media attention are limited. Inevitably, several firms have been adopting the same celebrities as their AD models for different products. If the same AD model is adopted for TV commercials for different products, consumers exposed to those TV commercials are likely to fail to be aware of the target brand due to interference of TV commercials, for other products, employing the same AD model. This is an ad noise caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements, which is the first type of ad noises studied in this research. Another type of AD noises is related to the decision of AD model replacement for the same product advertising. Firms sometimes launch another TV commercial for the same products. Some firms employ the same AD model for the new TV commercial for the same product and other firms employ new AD models for the new TV commercials for the same product. The typical problem with the replacement of AD models is the possibility of interfering with consumers in understanding messages of the TV commercial due to the dissimilarity of the old and new AD models. We studied the effects of these two types of ad noises, which are the typical factors influencing on the effect of communication: (1) ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements and (2) ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products. First, we measure the negative influence of AD noises on brand awareness and attitudes, in order to provide the importance of studying AD noises. Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediating conditions(variables) which can increase or decrease the effects of ad noises on brand awareness and attitudes. We study the effects of three mediating variables for ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements: (1) the fit between product image and AD model image, (2) similarity between AD model images in multiple TV commercials employing the same AD model, and (3) similarity between products of which TV commercial employed the same AD model. We analyze the effects of another three mediating variables for ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products: (1) the fit of old and new AD models for the same product, (2) similarity between AD model images in old and new TV commercials for the same product, and (3) concept similarity between old and new TV commercials for the same product. We summarized the empirical results from a field survey as follows. The employment of ad models who have been used in advertisements for other products has negative effects on both brand awareness and attitudes. our empirical study shows that it is possible to reduce the negative effects of ad models used for other products by choosing ad models whose images are relevant to the images of target products for the advertisement, by requiring ad models of images which are different from those of ad models in other advertisements, or by choosing ad models who have been shown in advertisements for other products which are not similar to the target product. The change of ad models for the same product advertisement can positively influence on brand awareness but positively on brand attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of ad model change can be weakened or strengthened depending on the relevancy of new ad models, the similarity of previous and current ad models, and the consistency of the previous and current ad messages.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.193-222
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• 2010

This questionnaire study examined the processes linking complexity of self-construal to self-positivity conceptualized as taking multiple perspectives, self-acceptance and self-regulation that, in turn, affect psychological well-being among people with an experience of life-crisis during adulthood due to physical disability or divorce. Data were drawn from 359 adult Koreans residing in Seoul metropolitan area, including the physically disabled, the divorced, and their counterparts without a life-crisis experience during adulthood for comparison. On average, the life-crisis experience group(LEG) had a higher independent selfconstrual and a lower interdependent self-construal than the comparison group(CG). As predicted, complexity of self-construal contributed to taking multiple perspectives that helps searching for meaning, and this, in turn, was found to foster self-acceptance and self-regulation. Through these variables except self-regulation, complex self-construal contributed to psychological well-being as manifested by a higher level of positive emotion and a lower level of depression. As expected, while taking multiple perspectives fostered positive emotion both directly and indirectly through self-acceptance among LEG and CG, only in LEG it directly reduced depression. The comparative approach employed in this study enabled to discern that taking multiple perspectives promotes psychological well-being in LEG by contributing to both meaning making and positive attitude, whereas it promotes psychological well-being in CG primarily by fostering positive attitude. Finally implications for this study were discussed and directions for future research were suggested.