• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2008

Purpose: Cancer patients experience a range of physical and psychological sequelae. Consistent nursing support should be provided along the cancer treatment path. This study aimed to i)examine the effects of a telephone counseling program after discharge on perceived health, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with nursing services, and ii)describe symptom distress and their coping methods. Method: The study was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pre-post test. The sample included 20 women with gynecologic cancer in the experimental group and the same in the control group from a university hospital in Seoul. The telephone intervention was given once from 5 to 7 days after the chemotherapy. The General Well-Being Schedule and Symptom Distress Scale were used. Result: An effect from telephone counseling was found only in the vitality subscale of psychological well-being. Other subscores, perceived health, or satisfaction with nursing services did not differ between the two groups. Pain, skin change, decreased appetite, and constipation were the major symptoms and a relatively few coping strategies were utilized. Conclusion: Protocol of telephone counseling led by a nurse needs to be further developed in regard to best timing, amount, and target effects for follow-up care of gynecologic cancer patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2003

This study was conducted to explore the depression, anxiety, spouse support, and the difference of these variables according to the general characteristics and disease related characteristics in married women who had received gynecologic cancer treatment. The subjects consisted of 62 patients with cervical cancer, 18 patients with ovarian cancer, and 7 patients with endometrial cancer who were admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, 3 education hospital in Seoul from January, 1996 to August, 1999. The data were collected from March 25 to July 25, 2000 by using a mailed questionnaire. The results were as follows : 1. The mean score of depression was 35.1 with the range from 20 to 76. The mean score of the anxiety was 38.6 with the range from 24 to 58. The mean score of the spouse support was 33.8 with the range from 12 to 48. 2. The score of depression was significantly different by the general characteristics: woman's education level(p=.040), economic level(p=.002), and the satisfactory level on married life(p=.009). The score of spouse support was significantly different by the general characteristics: woman's education level(p=.009), spouse's education level(p=.001), spouse's religion (p=.004), economic level(p=.008), and the satisfactory level on married life(p=.000). The scores of depression, anxiety, and spouse support were not significantly different by the disease related characteristics. 3. The score of depression had a positive correlation with anxiety(r=.731), and a negative correlation with spouse support(r=-.425). 4. The main influencing factors on the depression were economic level$(13.4\%)$ and satisfactory level on married life$(4.4\%)$. The main influencing factors on the spouse support were satisfactory level on married life$(23.6\%)$ and spouse's education level$(9.2\%)$. Based upon the above findings, the depression, anxiety, and spouse support of women who had received gynecologic cancer treatment were higher than healthy married women. The score of depression and anxiety had a negative correlation with spouse support. The factors influencing spouse support were satisfactory level on married life and spouse's education level. Therefore it is recommended that nursing intervention for women who had received gynecologic cancer treatment would be focused to improve spouse support for alleviating depression and anxiety level.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home care nursing intervention with parenteral hydration and IV anti-emetic therapy on distress, nutritional status, anxiety, depression and QOL in gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing combination chemotherapy. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to test the intervention. Changes of result variables were measured to evaluate effects of the intervention. variables consisted of serum lab results(auto analytic equipment for lab), symptom distress Scale(McCorkle & Young, 1978; Song et al., 2000), nutritional status(body weight, circumference of upper arm, serum protein, serum albumin, oral intake per day), anxiety(Spielberger, 1972; Kim & Shin, 1978), depression(Zung, 1965; Kim, 1995) and QOL(Padilla et al., 1983; Lee & Jo, 1996). Subjects were selected among gynecologic cancer patients(EG 15 patients and CG 15 patients) by convenient sampling. Data collection was done from June to Nov. in 2000. Data were analyzed by Chi-test and Mann-whitney U test using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Hypothesis 1, the EG receiving this intervention equals to lab test(Hb & ANC, GOT & GPT, BUN & Cr) the CG, was supported(u=69.50 p=.074; u=94.50, p= .455; u= 89.50, p= .339; u=106.50, p= .803; u=75.00, p= .119; u=97.50, p= .523). Hypothesis 2, the EG has less symptom distress than the CG, was also supported(u=43.50, p= .004). Hypothesis 3, the EG has higher nutritional status than the CG, was partially supported on daily oral intake (u=59.00, p= .025). Hypothesis 4, the EG has less anxiety than the CG, was rejected(u=86.50, p= .280). Hypothesis 5, the EG has less depression than the CG, was rejected(u=203.50, p= .228). and the last hypothesis 6, the EG has higher QOL than the CG was supported (u=51.50, p= .011). Conclusion: Home care nursing intervention undergone in this study was found to be effective to reduce patients' symptom distress and to improve their oral intake and QOL.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to research trends in the study of breast cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and to establish the further direction for its study. Methods: We reviewed TCM papers published in the last 29 years (1979-2008). Results: 1. We researched 49 papers and the patterns of study were as follows: in vitro studies were 27 papers (55.1%), in vivo studies were 9 papers (18.4%) and clinical studies were 19 papers (38.8%). 2. In vitro studies on breast cancer research in TCM were focused on cytotoxicity (17 papers) and apoptosis (8 papers). Most of in vivo studies (6 papers) were done for the purpose of inducing growth suppression of tumor cell after administration of the test drug. Each drug acted on this effect through various types of mechanism. 3. Unlike in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical studies on growth suppression of tumor cell were rare (4 papers). Most of the studies were focused on reduction of side effect of chemotherapy or synergistic effect with chemotherapy (7 papers), immune regulation (7 papers), and improvement of quality of life (6 papers). 4. Among the treatment method we reviewed, 'Runing Ⅱ(Ⅱ號方)' was the only medication that further studied as clinical trial after experimental study. 5. Since almost all studies have defects like poorly designed model or insufficient data description, it was difficult to make any definite conclusion about these studies. Conclusion: More subsequent clinical studies based on experimental study will be needed afterwards. Strict and high-level study design with detailed description will be needed in further study.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.444-450
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• 2008

목적 : 이 연구에서는 암병력이 없는 무증상 건강인을 대상으로 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET의 암 선별검사로서의 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 건강의학센터에서 건강 검진 프로그램중의 하나로 시행된 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET 검사 2,021건을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 종양 유무에 최종 진단은 건강 검진 프로그램에 포함된 다른 검사, 추가적인 진단 검사, 병리진단 결과 또는 1년 이상의 임상적 추적관찰을 통하여 정해졌다. 결과: 대상군에서 40건(2.0%)의 악성 종양이 최종적으로 진단되었다. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET에서는 악성 종양중 21건(전체 대상의 1.0%)이 발견되었다. PET으로 진단된 암의 42.9%(9/21)는 다른 건강 건진 프로그램에서 발견하지 못한 암이었다. 악성 종양을 진단하는 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET검사의 민감도는 52.5%(21/40), 특이도 95.9%(1900/1981), 양성 예측도 20.6%(21/102), 음성 예측도 99.0%(1900/1919)로 측정되었다. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET 위음성(n=19)을 보인 암은 갑상선 암이 6건으로 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었고, 결장함과 전립선암이 각각 3건, 폐암과 위암이 각각2건, 방광암과 악성 흑색종(malignant melanoma), 직장암이 각각 1건이었다. 결론 : $^{18}F-FDG$ PET은 아주 높은 특이도와 음성 예측도로 인하여 악성 종양을 발견하는 암 선별검사로서 유용한 것으로 보인다. 그렇지만, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET은 비뇨 부인과계 종양, 당대사가 낮은 종양과 표재성 종양 발견에 민감도가 떨어지므로 단독보다는 다른 암 선별검사와 함께 시행하는 것이 유용하다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 암환자를 돌보는 간호사들을 대상으로 간호사의 영성, 죽음불안 및 소진 정도를 확인하고, 세 변수들간의 관계를 파악하고자 한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 방법: 대상자는 서울에 소재하는 일개 암 전문 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사 210명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료는 2012년 4월부터 6월까지 수집하였으며, 수집한자료는 SPSS 19.0 program을 사용하여 t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff'e test, Pearson's correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 결과: 영성은 6점 만점에 평균 3.51점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 삶의 의미와 목적, 관계성, 내적 자원, 초월성 순으로 높았다. 죽음불안은 5점 만점에 평균 3.22점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 죽음의 부인, 짧은 시간 지각, 죽음에 대한 두려움, 죽음 연관 문제에 대한 두려움 순으로 높았다. 소진 정도는 7점 만점에 평균 4.10점이었으며, 하위영역별로는 정서적 소모, 비 인간화, 개인적 성취감 감소 순으로 높았다. 영성은 죽음불안(r=-0.327, P=0.01)과 소진 정도(r=-0.690, P=0.01)에 역상관관계가 있었으며, 소진은 죽음불안(r=0.550, P=0.01)과 정상관 관계가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 간호사들의 영성을 높이고, 그들의 죽음불안과 소진 정도를 낮출 수 있는 영적 중재를 제공하는 것을 제안한다.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2022

맨틀 불균질성은 지구 내부의 휘발성 성분의 분포 및 순환과 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 맨틀에서 휘발성 물질의 거동은 규산염암의 유변학적 특성에도 큰 영향을 미친다. 이와 같은 상부맨틀의 물리화학적 특성은 미구조와 유체포유물의 형태로 맨틀 포획암에 기록될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 미국 리오 그란데 리프트 지역에서 산출되는 페리도타이트 포획암의 미구조와 유체포유물의 특성과 관련된 이전 연구결과들을 요약 및 리뷰하였으며, 이를 통해 이 지역의 상부맨틀의 진화과정과 불균질성에 대해 이해하고자 한다. 리오 그란데 리프트에서 맨틀 포획암이 산출되는 지역은 크게 리프트 중심부인 리프트 축(rift axis) 지역(EB: Elephant Butte, KB: Kilbourne Hole)과 리프트 연변부인 리프트 측면(rift flank) 지역(AD: Adam's Diggings)으로 나눠진다. 전자(EB 및 KB 페리도타이트)의 경우 응력이 낮고 물함량이 적은 조건에서 형성되는 type-A 격자선호방향이 보고되었고, 후자(AD 페리도타이트)의 경우 응력이 낮고 물함량이 많은 조건에서 형성되는 type-C 격자선호방향이 보고된 바 있다. 특히, AD 페리도타이트의 경우 초기(type-1: CO₂-N₂) 및 후기(type-2: CO₂-H₂O)와 같은 최소 두번의 유체 침투 사건이 사방휘석 내에 기록되어있다. 이와 같은 미구조 및 유체포유물에 기록된 상부맨틀의 불균질성은 북미 판과 Farallon 판 사이의 상호작용에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine impacts of psychological distress, gender role attitude, and housekeeping sharing on quality of life of gynecologic cancer survivors. Methods: Subjects completed questionnaires consisting of four measurements: FACT-G (ver. 4) for quality of life, anxiety and depression from SCL-90-R for psychological distress, gender role attitude, and housekeeping sharing. A total of 158 completed data sets were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Quality of life was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological distress (r=-0.64, p<.001), but not with gender role attitude (r=-0.14, p=.820) or housekeeping sharing (r=0.08, p=.350). Psychological distress was significantly and positively correlated with gender role attitude (r=0.25, p<.010). Factors that significantly impacted quality of life were type of cancer (t=2.27, p=.025), number of treatment methods (t=2.58, p=.011), education level (t=3.33, p<.001), and psychological distress (t=-9.96, p<.001). Conclusion: Nursing interventions that can relieve psychological distress need to be developed for gynecologic cancer survivors. Nurses need to put priority on ovarian cancer survivors who have low education level with multiple treatment methods when performing nursing interventions to improve the quality of life of gynecologic cancer survivors.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.731-743
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• 2017

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can cause severe malnutrition. However, relationships between CINV levels, non-pharmacological coping methods, and nutritional status of female cancer patients have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze their relationships in gynecologic cancer patients. Methods: Participants receiving a highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were recruited. The level of CINV was assessed using a numeric rating scale. Coping methods were determined using multiple-choice self-report questionnaires and categorized into seven types for statistical analysis. Nutritional status was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Results: Among all the 485 patients, 200 eligible inpatients were included. Despite the administration of prophylactic antiemetics, 157 patients (78.5%) still experienced CINV, and several used nonmedically recommended coping methods, such as just enduring the symptom or rejecting food intake. A total of 181 patients (90.5%) had nutritional disorders. Although the level of CINV was indirectly related to the occurrence of nutritional disorders, patients who rejected food (${\beta}=1.57$, p=.023) and did not use physical measures (${\beta}=-1.23$, p=.041) as coping methods were under the high risk of nutritional disorders. Conclusion: Korean gynecologic cancer patients had high levels of CINV and were at high risk of nutritional disorders, which may be related to the use of nonscientific coping methods, possibly due to cultural backgrounds and lack of proper nutritional program. Therefore, developing a culturally appropriate educational program for the cancer patients with CINV is urgently needed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.942-949
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy in gynecological cancer patients. Method: The subjects consisted of 103 gynecological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from April 2005 to August 2005. Data was collected using a questionnaire about knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SAS. Result: Average scores of knowledge and learning needs of general treatment and care were 2.74, and 3.30 respectively. Average score of knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy were 2.54 and 3.23 respectively. Learning needs of general treatment and care and of chemotherapy were significantly different in relation to marital status, educational level, family support, the operation, and the amount of chemotherapy received. Items with the highest level of learning needs were the symptoms of recurring illness of general treatment, and minimizing side effects of chemotherapy. There were a negative correlation between knowledge and learning needs on general treatment and a positive correlation between knowledge and learning needs on chemothearpy but there were not significant statistically. Conclusion: The level of learning needs related to cancer treatment was high, whereas, that of knowledge was low. Therefore, when designing an educational program for gynecological cancer patients, understanding of learning needs is necessary. Also, consideration of a patient's characteristics, and a systematic and detailed educational program should be provided.