• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 2012

Few studies have done on the intergenerational relations of married women and their own parents in Japan. This study approaches the topic by examining coresidence and contact frequency between generations. The study expects the likelihood of living together (including living next door) and the extent of contact would differ by the characteristics of woman, her husband, children, her brothers and sisters, her own parents and parents-in-law. From the 2003 Survey for National Family Research in Japan, selected are 853 currently married women in their 30s and 40s whose parent and parents-in-law are alive. The analysis shows that the likelihood of living together with parents decreases as the number of brothers and sisters increases. In particular, the presence of brother substantially decreases the likelihood. Having father only alive (vs. having both parents alive) also increases the likelihood. The frequency of contact with parents is conditioned by the coresidence with parents-in-law. It also differs by the level of education and its gap between spouses. Subjective evaluation of husband's attitude toward her parents is important. As in the case of living together, the number of brothers and sisters and the survival status of parents are significant in explaining the frequency of contact with her parents. The results indicate that number of brothers and sisters as well as widowhood of parents serves as its demographic condition. The findings that the frequency of contact with parent are affected by coresidene with parents-in-law, education gap between spouses and husband's attitude toward her parents suggest that the relationship of married women with her own parents are conditioned by her husband and his parents.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2018

Background: Many studies have reported that adolescents living with single parent have a high risk of obesity. However, those studies did not explore the implication of the gender of single parent living with adolescents. This study investigated the differences in obesity rates according to status of co-residence with their parents in Korean adolescents. The family living with single parent was classified into the family living with single father and the family living with single mother. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 59,602 adolescents who participated in the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The data on height, weight, status of co-residence with parents, and the other variables were obtained through online questionnaires. Results: In male adolescents, the family living with single mother was related to a high proportion of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.40) and overweight (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.34). However, in female adolescents, the family living with single father was related to a high proportion of obesity (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23-1.82). In addition, female adolescents living with neither parent were more likely to be obese (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.91) and overweight (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.70). Conclusions: This study showed a risk of obesity in adolescents living with single parent differs according to the gender of single parent living with adolescents. Not adolescents living with a same-gender parent, but those living with an opposite-gender parent have a high risk of obesity.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.139-157
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• 2006

This study presents limitations of the old family supported system for the elderly being surfaced in the face of the changing life style of the people in today's industrialized, urban Korean society. The qualitative data used for this study are collected from the focus group discussions(FGD). The FGD data numbered a total of 43 participants who were divided into 8 different groups, each consisting of 5-6 respondents sorted out by sex and age as well as by their current cohabitation with their parents or having such experience in the past. The study paid special attention focusing on the values and the expectations regarding the elderly support and the family relationship. A critical reexamination of the old family support system for the elderly at this particular juncture is also a step forward necessary for the eventual formulation of policy measures by the state and the society to produce a new viable support system for the elderly in the future.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-124
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• 2001

Co-residence is a type of intergenerational private transfers of resources: money, time and space. Adult daughters and their elderly parents decide to co-reside, depending on their utility levels before and after co-residence that mainly depend on the health status of the elderly. Therefore, co-residence implies positive net benefits to both parties in the sense that, when they co-reside, elderly parents share childcare and adult daughter provide elderly care. In other words, formal (paid) care can be substituted with informal (unpaid) one. Both marriage and giving births are considered as the major obstacles to labor market attachment of women who bear burdens of home production and childcare. Co-residence can be a solution for married women to avoid career interruption by sharing burdens with their elderly parents. However, most previous studies using the U.S. data on intergenerational private transfers focused on elderly care and have concluded that they reduce government expenditures associated with public subsidies to the elderly. This study focuses on adult daughters and it examines effects of co-residence on labor supply of married women in Korea, who face limited formal childcare programs in terms of both quantity and quality. It applies the Tobit model of married women's labor supply to the data from the Second Wave of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey( 1999), in order to investigate effects of co-residence and the work and health status of the co-residing elderly as well as their own health status. Four specifications of the empirical model are tested that each includes co-residence with elderly parents, their gender, or their work and health status. Estimation results show that co-residence, co-residence with female elderly, and co-residence with not-working female elderly have significant positive effects on labor supply of married women while poor health status of co-residing female elderly does not bring about any negative effects. However, co-residence with male elderly, regardless of their work and health status, has no significant effect The results indicate that co-residence is closely related to sharing of home production among female elderly and adult daughters who are married and, through intergenerational private transfers of resources in terms of time, it helps women avoid career interruption.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-222
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• 2008

This research studied the social-emotional competence of children whose primary caregiver was a single-mother or single-father alone compared with children living with a single-parent but the primary caregiver was a non-parent (e.g. a grandparent). Subjects were 208 children (105 boys, 103 girls) from 10 elementary schools in 3 metropolitan cities. Instruments were the Adaptive Behavior Checklist constructed by the researcher, Self-esteem Inventory (Kim, 1987) and Emotional Competence Scale (Kim, 1998). Results showed that children in single-mother families were more social-emotionally competent than children in single-father families. Children whose primary caregivers were non-parents had higher self-esteem than children whose primary caregivers were single parents alone. There were interaction effects of caregiver variables on children's peer relationships and awareness/expression of their own emotion.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.143-157
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• 2011

This study aims to identify family strength and career maturity, and to explore the difference of career maturity according to family strength, targeting high school students as subjects. A total of 1,000 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 858 copies were used for the final analysis. The major results are summarized as follows: In respect to general tendency of family strength and career maturity, the score of family respect was the highest, 3.59, followed by 3.56 of gratitude and affection, 3.54 of problem shooting ability, economic stability, faithfulness to role, emotional bond, positive communication and goal sharing. The score of emotional bond with society was the lowest, 2.90. The score of family strength was 3.36, which was the intermediate level. As sub-factors of career maturity, the score of relevancy was 3.40, and that of tendency was 3.17, followed by that of independence and compromise. The score of determination was the lowest, 2,75. A total score of career maturity was 3.05. Family strength was marked highly by the girls students studying humanities, and religious ones. Those whose parents have high education and no-divorce background also showed high scores. High school students with higher economic levels and long-married parents showed higher scores than high school students with poor economy levels and single parents. Students with parents who have professional jobs also marked high scores. Career maturity degree as a background variable was significantly higher in the following cases: In terms of religious background, students whose mother are buddhists or atheists marked high scores. High scores were marked by those whose parents have higher education and no-divorce background. High school students from middle class and over and long-married parents showed higher career maturity degree than high school students with poor economy levels and single parents. Students with parents who have professional jobs also marked high career maturity degree. While career maturity degree, which is subjected to family strength, showed very different results when analysed with 5 sub-variables. As family strength resulted in positive effects to career maturity degree, higher family strength showed higher career maturity degree. Especially, in the areas of relevance and tendency of career maturity degree, the effects of positiveness was clearly high.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.254-267
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to look into psychological mechanisms about the appellation of the stepparent by children of reconstituted(cohabited) family after parents' divorce in the child's perspective. In-depth interview was used for the qualitative research method. Research participants four children from reconstituted(cohabitated) families after their parents' divorces. According to the data analysis, the reason children hesitate to call their stepparents father or mother is that 'why do I need to call them my father/mother when I have my own?' 'why do I need them when I have been living just fine without them?' 'I don't call them father/mother because it is just uncomfortable!' Based on such research results, counseling guidelines were provided to arbitrate conflicts about appellations stepparent by children of reconstituted (cohabited) family after parents' divorce.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.17-43
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• 2011

With a substantial rise in divorce rates since the mid 1990s, single-parent households are increasing rapidly in Korea. Often it is believed that children in single-mother households suffer the most economically and socially with the marital disruption of the parents. This study hypothesizes that in Korea the socioeconomic status of single-father households may be lower than that of single-mother households mainly because low-income divorced women are not able to form their own households with children. The analysis is based on two sub-samples from the 2% sample of the 2005 Census, one, with children 12 years old or younger and, the other, with divorced mothers of children of the same ages. The findings support the hypothesis that previously-married single fathers show the lowest educational and occupational status among 6 groups of parents: fathers and mothers from two-parent families, fathers and mothers from married but spouse-absent families, and previously-married single fathers and mothers. Divorced mothers'likelihood of living apart from their children has a strong negative association with their educational attainment, with the highest likelihood among women of middle school or lower education and the lowest likelihood among women with college education. Although single mothers comprise a larger percentage of single-parent households, single-father households demonstrate a particular vulnerability with their weak socioeconomic status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.660-673
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to find effect of parental care awareness, emotional intelligence, peer relations on the happiness of school age children. Data collection was conducted by a survey of school-aged children who received consent from their guardians and the final target was 180. For data analysis, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression analysis was performed via the SPSS / WIN Ver 18.0 program. As the result, according to general characteristics, school life and parental interest had statistically significant effect on happiness. Parental caring awareness had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabitation family, school life, close friend, and interest of parent. Emotional intelligence had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabiting family, school life, school grade. There were statistically significant differences on peer relations in the cases of three or more close friends. Happiness showed a positive relation with parental care awareness, peer relationship, and emotional intelligence. The factors affecting the happiness of school aged children were school life, parental interest, parental care awareness, and the peer relationship. The R-square of these variables was 16.7%. Therefore, it was confirmed that school life, parental interest, parental care and peer relationship should be considered as a strategy to improve the happiness of school aged children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.677-694
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• 2016

This study examines the differences of support exchange and factors impacting on the support exchange between the elderly and their grown-up children in 2011. Socioeconomic variables are introduced as independent variables. Emotional, physical, and financial support exchanges are used as dependent variables. Descriptive statistics and multiple analysis of variance are used for the statistical analysis. Findings of this study are as follows: First, the support exchanges between the grown-up children living with parents and elderly parents are significantly varied by the socioeconomic factors. Second, the support exchanges between the children not living with their parents and the elderly parents are significantly varied by the socioeconomic factors. A majority of the elderly are suffering from financial difficulties and they do not receive appropriate supports from their grown-up children. On the other hand, it turned out that the elderly parents are highly contributable to provide the emotional support for their family members, and provide the emotional support to their grown-up children.