• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.299-314
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• 2007

For the past 20 years, the growth and development of university-design-educational institutes contributed to the industrial development of our country. Due to the technological fluctuation and changes in the industrial structure in the latter half of the 20th century, the enterprise is demanding professionally-oriented design manpower. The principle which appears from instances of the advanced nations is to accommodate the demands in social changes and apply them to educational design programs. In order to respond promptly to the industrial demand especially, the advanced nations adopted "multidisciplinary design education programs" to lead innovation in the area of design globally. The objective of the research consequently is to suggest an educational system and a program through which the designer can be educated to obtain complex knowledge and the technique demanded by the industry and enterprise. Nowadays in order to adapt to a new business environment, designers specially should have both the knowledge and techniques in engineering and business administration. We suggest that the IPDI, a multidisciplinary design educational system and program is made up of the coordinated operation of major classes, on-the-job training connection, educational system for research base creation, renovation design development program for the application and the synthesis of alternative proposals about the training facility joint ownership by connecting with the education of design, business administration and engineering.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1010-1019
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• 2014

This study applied an original survey of an objective National Health Nutriment Research. It picked the youth up from 14 years old to 19 years old and examined an influence relationship of four heads such as DT, DI, DMFT, DMFI which investigated in heads of dental inspections based on an intake frequency questionnaire by food group. It was proved that Korean dietary culture which eats rice and kimchi as staple food had an great effect on DT, DI, DMFT, DMFI And rice and cereals, fruits and vegetables like a cabbage turned out to be factors that can lower dental caries. The dental caries can be reduced by the more intake frequency of rice. And also, intake of fish like anchovy and meats like pork and beef can reduce development of dental caries too. Especially, the larger intake frequency of carbonated drinks and fast food such as hamburger and pizza can make a growth of dental caries.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.17-25
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• 2016

Revetments help protect levee slopes from erosion. If the design of the revetment is not appropriate, the levee may collapse as a result of scouring due to the strong flow velocity and tractive force. Therefore, when designing a revetment, it is very important to calculate the representative velocity. However, the average velocity and depth calculated by 1-D varied flow analysis are generally applied to the design, which do not reflect the increase in velocity caused by the free and force vortex. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the representative velocity in order to ensure the stability of the revetment in a meandering channel. In this study, the applicability of the method of calculating the representative velocity considering the curve and scour was studied (by comparing it with) the average and maximum velocities determined by numerical simulation. The representative velocity corrected for the effect of the curve and scour and the maximum velocity calculated by the numerical simulation were found to match quite well. In addition, the riprap size of the gabion in the meandering and straight channels were compared by applying them to the conventional design formulas. In the future, it is necessary to perform additional numerical simulations for various rivers with different characteristics, in order to propose a method of designing a suitable revetment for Korean characteristics. At this time, the results of this study are expected to be able to be used as basic data.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2010

Microcement grouting and micro pile are frequently used for ground modification during tunnel construction. The influence of grouting pressure of microcement grouting and micro pile to the existing bridge which is directly over the constructing tunnel is investigated. Three dimensional seepage flow-structure interactive analysis considering firm water pressure with full stages of construction including the construction of upper bridge, microcement grouting, micro pile and tunnel is performed. The settlement and tilting of the pier of existing bridge violate the design code and the reaction of the bridge are highly increased after grouting. The stress of tunnel bracings such as rockbolt and shotcrete also exceed the limit of the code. The pressure of microcement grouting is confined by bedrock and transmit to the surrounded soil and the upper bridge. Microcement grouting needs mid-high pressure to penetrate through weak fault plane and the pressure greatly influence the safety of the upper structure. It is important to decide and care the grouting pressure to improve weak fault plane directly under the existing structures and the pressure of microcement grouting should be considered in underground analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.191-199
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• 2005

The community structure, vertical distribution and harpacticoids composition of the meiofauna community were observed from five stations in Marian Cove, King George Island and one station on the northeastern side of Nelson Island. Sample was taken by a free-fall corer in December 2002. Generally, 11 taxa of meiofauna were found, and meiofauna abundance ranged from 322 to 1575 indiv. $10cm^{-2}$ (mean 781 indiv. $10cm^{-2}$). Nematodes were the most dominant group, making up $89\%$ of total meiofauna, followed by harpacticoids $(6.8\%)$. Benthic harpacticoids appeared 19 species of nine families at all the stations, and most various taxa appeared at station B (13 species of seven families). For vertical distribution, more than $70\%$ of meiofauna was concentrated in the upper $0\~2cm$ sediment layers, and the density abruptly decreased with depth in all the stations. Total biomass of meiofauna varied between 41 and $360{\mu}gC\;10cm^{-2}$, and overall mean biomass was $205{\mu}gC\;10cm^{-2}$. Also nematodes had the highest percentage of total maiofauna biomass $(62.4\%)$. The analysis results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis between meiofauna community and sediment grain size showed that polychaets, oligochaets and cumaceans were influenced by silt&cray, and sand, granule and pebble had a influence on harpacticoids, kinorhynchs and ostracods respectively. But nematodes were not affected by sediment grain size.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.399-416
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• 2017

The 'Wat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape' of Laos was designated as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 2001. The uppermost structure of the Sanctuary in Wat Phou has been destroyed and being variably damaged, maintenance is required through scientific and systematic diagnosis. The Sanctuary of Wat Phou was constructed mainly using sandstones and bricks. There are physical damages including fracture, break out, exfoliation and interval as well as biological damages by lichen, mosses and weeds. According to the ultrasonic velocity measurement and property evaluation of the sandstones of the Sanctuary in Wat Phou, weathering index of the eastern side sandstones is 0.10 to 0.74 (mean 0.36), showing MW grade. Southern and northern side sandstones have relatively higher properties with average weathering indices of 0.30 and 0.32. The results of slope analysis of the Sanctuary, indicated that the 4th spot in the southern side has the largest slope of $5^{\circ}W$, seemingly due to the unstable ground around the Sanctuary. Based on the relative level measurement and past drawings, the Sanctuary is verified to have been located on ground with a certain slope rather than flatland. The ground of the southern side is inclined $1.51^{\circ}$ more than that of the northern side, which will affect the structural stability of the temple. The interval width of the selected southern spot is the largest with an average width of 159.5 mm, and the largest width is 328.3 mm at the top, since the width increases above rather than below, seemingly due to the unequal subsidence of the ground. Constant maintenance for conservation is required for the structural stability of the Sanctuary in Wat Phou, which was partly collapsed and has also suffered physical damage.