• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

This paper addresses the berth allocation problem in naval ports. Navy vessels need various services such as emergency repair, missile loading, oil supply and many others while commercial vessels only unload and load container at the port. Furthermore, naval vessels have to shift frequently due to a limited capacity of the port. The objective of this paper is to minimize the total number of nesting vessels at the naval port. In other word, the objective is to maximize the total number of naval battleships engaging in the sea. A mixed integer programming(MIP) model is developed and experiments are conducted with ILOG CPLEX 11.0. We compare the computational results of the MIP model to the current scheduling approach by the ROK Navy. The results showed that MIP model performed well by minimizing the number of nesting vessels. and avoiding unnecessary shifts.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2022

Busan Port is operated separately by a number of terminal operators, resulting in a large number of ITT (Inter-Terminal Transportation) volumes. The occurrence of ITT volume causes various problems such as additional transportation cost, empty truck trips, truck delays and terminal congestion, weakening Busan Port's competitiveness. Among them, the empty truck trip problem is a representative factor, that exacerbates the cost problem of the ITT operation at Busan Port. But the ITT backhaul rate at Busan Port remains low. To strengthen the transhipment competitiveness of Busan Port, it is necessary to increase the ITT backhaul rate. In this paper, to improve ITT backhaul rate, we present a mathematical model for maximizing backhaul transport using buffer space. And we analyzed the improving effects of backhaul transport using buffer space through experiments based on actual operating data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2022

External forces acting on the mooring facilities include wave, wind, current, and ship's kinetic energy. In particular, the ship's kinetic energy is changing as the ship become larger, and larger carrying capacity. It was intended to analyze the berthing velocity measurement data at on tanker terminals equipped with a DAS (Docking Aid System) through statistical means and algorithms and use it as basic data for safer and more efficient pier design and pilotage.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2017

The aim of this study is using DEA-CCR, BCC, and Malmquist analysis to determine the efficiency and productivity of Korean automobile ports. We analyzed eight Korean automobile port terminals, using the number of workers and size of ports as input variables and the number of processed car as output variables. An efficiency analysis of the eight automobile port terminals for the four-year span from 2013 to 2016 revealed efficiency levels of 1 for the CCR, BCC, and the scales for Ulsan port and the Gwangyang port terminal, indicating efficient operation of the terminals. As a result of benchmarking analysis, Gunsan port 1, 2 terminal, Incheon port, Pyeongtaek Dangjin 2 terminal should benchmark Busan Port and Ulsan Port. Conversely, Malmquist analysis showed a slight increase in the production volume from 2013 to 2015, but a decline to 1 or less from 2015 to 2016. In the case of TECI the technology was confirmed as effective at 1 or more from 2014 to 2015. The TCI value was 0.87 for the period from 2015 to 2016. During this period, the TCI index of all terminals was less than 1.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify evaluation factors and analyze the relative importance among factors to select a suitable transportation method for transferring the increasing amount of transshipment at multiple terminals at the Busan new port. To accomplish this, the evaluation factors were selected through a literature survey and brainstorming of a group of experts associated with the port operation, and were classified into five major factors and 15 middle factors. The evaluation factors classified hierarchically were surveyed relative to workers in organizations such as shipping companies, port corporations, container terminals, and related ministries. The importance of each factor was calculated using the hierarchical analysis process (AHP). As a result of the importance analysis, priority was assigned in order of safety, productivity, investment efficiency, operational efficiency, and policy conformity. Through this, it was necessary to select a suitable transportation method for the transshipment cargo in terminals while focusing on the cargo and terminal security and preventing accidents. As a result of calculating from six ITT transportation candidates, the priority was determined in order of monorail, Autocon, and so on as ITT transportation suitable for the Busan new port..

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2017

Port service level is a metric of competitiveness among ports for the operating/managing bodies such as the terminal operation company (TOC), Port Authority, or the government, and is used as an important indicator for shipping companies and freight haulers when selecting a port. Considering the importance of metrics, we developed software to objectively define and manage six important service indicators exclusive to container and bulk terminals including: berth occupancy rate, ship's waiting ratio, berth throughput, number of berths, average number of vessels waiting, and average waiting time. We computed the six service indicators utilizing berth 1 through berth 5 in the container terminals and berth 1 through berth 4 in the bulk terminals. The software model allows easy computation of expected ship's waiting ratio over berth occupancy rate, berth throughput, counts of berth, average number of vessels waiting and average waiting time. Further, the software allows prediction of yearly throughput by utilizing a ship's waiting ratio and other productivity indicators and making calculations based on arrival patterns of ship traffic. As a result, a TOC is able to make strategic decisions on the trade-offs in the optimal operating level of the facility with better predictors of the service factors (ship's waiting ratio) and productivity factors (yearly throughput). Successful implementation of the software would attract more shipping companies and shippers and maximize TOC profits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.140-141
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• 2019

Busan Port is being operated inefficiently by a number of container terminal operators, which are dispersed in small groups. In particular, the small terminal at Busan Port is causing the dispersion of quantity, the increase of ITT cargo and the occurrence of a ship waiting at sea as the ship's Alliance became larger in 2016. As a result, studies such as integrated operations for the larger container terminals are being conducted. Therefore, in this study, we intend to set up a type of integrated operation for terminals at the new port of Busan and measure the practical effects through simulation to present an ideal direction for integrated operation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-60
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show the clustering measurement way for Korean container terminals by using neural network based SOM(Self Organizing Map). Inputs[Number of Employee, Quay Length, Container Terminal Area, Number of Gantry Crane], and output[TEU] are used for 3 years(2002,2003, and 2004) for 8 Korean container terminals by applying both DEA and SOM models. Empirical main results are as follows: First, the result of DEA analysis shows the possibility for clustering among the terminals and reference terminals except Gamcheon and Gwangyang terminals because of the locational closeness. Second, the result of neural network based SOM clustering analysis shows the positive clustering in clustering positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Third, the results between SOM clustering and DEA clustering show the matching ratio about 67%. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that the port policy planner of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in Korea should introduce the clustering measurement way for the Korean container terminals using neural network based SOM with DEA models for clustering Korean ports and terminals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.335-337
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• 2011

e-navigation은 선박의 항구 출발부터 목적 항의 부두 접안에 이른 전 과정의 안전과 보안을 위한 관련 서비스 및 해양환경 보호 증진을 위해 전자적인 수단으로 선박과 육상 관련 정보의 조화로운 수집, 통합, 교환, 표현 및 분석을 수행하는 개념적 체계이다. e-navigation 구현에 필요한 음성 및 데이터 통신 채널의 확보방안 중 하나로 기존 해상 통신의 현대화 및 다중모드 운영 체제의 필요성이 국제해사기구(IMO) 등에서 강력히 요구되고 있다. SDR은 소프트웨어로 구성된 블록들 내부의 동작 파라미터를 변경함으로써 하나의 플랫폼 상에서 다양한 형태의 통신을 가능하게 하므로, 기존 해상 통신의 현대화 및 다중모드 운영에 유용하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다중모드 운용을 위한 기존의 해상무선통신 시스템을 이해하고, SDR 적용 방안을 제안함으로써 단일 기기를 통한 공간적 연속성을 갖는 통신망 구축을 이루고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.240-241
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• 2019

With slow sea trade volumes growth and increasing competition of ports, port industry is witnessing an increasing number of factors that have driven up the costs. Using financial data collected from Korea's container terminal operators, this study analyzed cost structural characteristics. The differences by terminal size, region and operating status of the terminal operators were examined and the suggestion were presented based on the result of the analysis.