• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Purpose: To study the minimum diopter of spherical lens with normal binocular function in induced anisometropia by over-correction or under-correction in single eye. Methods: Stereoacuity of subjects without ophthalmic disease history in their twenties was measured by using Titmus-fly stereotest at 40 cm after overcorrection or under-correction in non-dominant eye or dominant eye, respectively. Results: In induced anisometropia, the stereoacuity decreased with increase of the power of added spherical lens in either nondominant eye or dominant eye. And the first reduction of stereoacuity was more prominent with the addition of (+) spherical lens than (-) spherical lens. In addition, there was more strikingly decrement of stereoacuity with addition of spherical lens to dominant eye than non-dominant eye. Conclusions: In induced anisometropia, the most outstanding reduction of stereoacuity was obtained with increment of the power of added (+) spherical lens in case of non-dominant eye with full correction and dominant eye with addition of spherical lens.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.466-470
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• 2012

최근 태양광 및 풍력과 같은 신재생에너지원을 기반으로 한 국가정책에 따라 대규모의 분산전원이 도입, 운용되고 있다. 그러나 분산전원 연계 시 발생할 수 있는 보호기기의 오 부동작이 발생 가능성이 커지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 분산전원이 연계된 경우 보호기기의 오 부동작현상 중 분류효과로 인한 부동작특성을 검토하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시하고 분류효과방지 시스템을 제작하였다. 시스템에 모의계통을 모의하여 분류효과로 인한 보호기기의 부동작 현상을 분석하고 그 대책을 제시하여 본 알고리즘의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

The main goals of treatment of malignant bone tumor are the prolongation of life survival and the improvement of quality of life. In growing children, however, leg length discrepancy (LLD) is one of major problem in the treatment of malignant bone tumors. Therefore, the precise understanding of growth in children is essential, and the prediction of LLD is critical in deciding the time and options of surgery. In addition, to use the adequate method of growth expectation, periodic follow-up and collaboration with patient's parents are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.809-811
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• 2010

In most floating-point operations related with 3D graphic applications for mobile devices, properly approximated data calculations with reduced complexity and low power are preferable to exactly rounded floating-point operations with unnecessary preciseness with cost. Among all the sophisticated floating-point arithmetic operations, multiplication and division are the most complicated and time-consuming, and they can be transformed into addition and subtraction repectively by adopting the logarithmic conversion. In this process, the most important factor for performance is how high we can make an approximation of the logarithm conversion. In this paper, we cover the trends in studying the logarithm conversion circuit designs. We also discuss the important factor in design issues and the applicable fields in detail.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.547-554
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• 2008

In this paper, two-stage pipelined floating-point multiplier (FP-MUL) is designed. The FP-MUL processor supports single precision multiplication for 3D graphic APIs, such as OpenGL and Direct3D and has area-efficient and low-latency architecture via saturated arithmetic, area-efficient sticky-bit generator, and flagged prefix adder. The FP-MUL has about 4-ns delay time under $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS standard cell library and consists of about 7,500 gates. Because its maximum performance is about 250 MFLOPS, it can be applicable to mobile 3D graphics application.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1985

1) In the study of the forced-swimming test in mice (FSM), the duration of immobility posture was dose-dependently shortened by ${\alpha}_2$-agonists, clonidine and guanabenz. BH-T 933 and oxymetazoline also decreased it . Xylazine rather increased the immobility duration at low dose. 2) ${\alpha}_1$-Agonists, cirazoline, amidephrine and methoxamine, however, showed inconsistent effect on the immobility duration (ID). 3) The decrease in ID by clonidine and guanabenz was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine, idazoxan and phentolamine (${\alpha}_2$antagonist), but not by prazosin and corynanthine (${\alpha}_1$-antagonist) .4) The ID in the FSM was shortened dose-dependently by d-amphetamine, and it was also antagonized by yohimbine, but not by prazosin. 5) In the mice pretreated with either ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine, or with combination of both, the decrease in ID was still evoked by clonidine. 6) When the mice were chronically treated with antidepressants (desipramine and imipramine), or with electroconvulsive shock, clonidine still decreased the ID as it did in the control. 7) These results provided the evidences to hypothesize that the change of the ID in the FSM is closely related with the postsynaptie ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor located on the central noradrenergic neuron body. Furthermore, it is assumed that this escape-directed behavior enhanced by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor agonist may be the result in some analogy with the incentive of drives which are directed toward the self-preservation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.78-83
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• 1998

Alloy 600과 Alloy 690의 응력부식파괴(Stress corrosion cracking, SCC)에 미치는 TiO$_2$의 영향을 315$^{\circ}C$의 10%NaOH 수용액에서 RUB(reverse U-bend) 시편, C-Ring 시편과 CT(compact tension)시편을 사용하여 평가하였다. 시편은 alloy 600 MA(mill anneal), alloy 600 TT(thermal treatment) 그리고 alloy 690 TT로 제작하였다. SCC 시험은 탈산된 10%NaOH 수용액에 2 g/1 TiO$_2$를 첨가한 용액과 첨가하지 않은 용액에서 수행하였으며, 이 조건에서 분극곡선도 얻었다. SCC 시험시 시편을 부식전위로부터 +150 ㎷ 양극분극을 가하였다. 기준전극으로 external Ag/AgCl electrode를 사용하였다. Alloy 600 MA로 제작한 RUB 시편은 TiO$_2$가 없는 용액에서 5일 안에 벽 관통 균열을 보였으나 TiO$_2$가 첨가된 용액에서는 균열을 관찰할 수 없었다. TiO$_2$가 첨가됨에 따라 alloy 600과 alloy 690의 임계전류밀도는 크게 감소하였고 또한 부동태 전류밀도도 감소하였다. 부동테 영역에서 TiO$_2$가 있는 용액의 경우 여러 peak가 있는 반면에 TiO$_2$가 없는 용액은 peak가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 이런 결과는 TiO$_2$가 첨가점에 따라 active region에서도 안정한 부동태 피막이 존재한다는 것을 시사한다. 또한 TiO$_2$가 없는 경우 SCC가 잘 일어나는 영역에 존재하는 부동태 피막이 TiO$_2$ 첨가에 따라 repassivation kinetics 등의 성질이 변화한 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.438-441
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• 1998

최근 미국 내 표준안으로서 많이 사용되고 있는 AC-3 오디오 알고리듬은 그 복잡성으로 인하여 실시간 구현을 위해선 프로세서로 구현하는 것이 적합하다. AC-3 복호화 알고리듬은 많은 부분이 실수연산으로 이루어져 있으므로 소수점을 고려한 연산이 필요한데, 프로세서로 구현할 때는 적은 비용과 빠른 속도로 실수연산을 수행하기 위해서 부동소수점보다는 고정소수점 연산이 유리하다. 그러나 고정소수점 연산시 발생하는 유한 단어길이 효과로 인하여 양자화 오차가 발생하므로 복호화된 오디오 신호의 음질저하를 최소화하기 위해서는 최적화가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 AC-3 복호화 알고리듬의 부분별 양자화 오차를 분석하고 그 결과 가장 많은 오차를 발생시키는 역 TDAC 변환의 오차를 최적화하였다. Fast TDAC 변환이 FFT로 이루어져 있으므로 고정 소수점 연산시 오차가 적은 FFT 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조를 사용하여 AC-3 고정소수점 복호화기를 C 언어를 사용하여 구현하였으며, AC-3 부동소수점 복호화기와 최종 PCM을 비교하여 그 성능을 평가하였다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2013

Low-cost and low-power are important requirements in mobile systems. Thus, when a floating-point arithmetic unit is needed, 24-bit floating-point format can be more useful than 32-bit floating-point format. However, a 24-bit floating-point arithmetic unit can be risky because it usually has lower accuracy than a 32-bit floating-point arithmetic unit. Consecutive floating-point operations are performed in 3D graphic processors. In this case, the verification of the floating-point operation accuracy is important. Among 3D graphic arithmetic operations, the floating-point division is one of the most difficult operations to satisfy the accuracy of $10^{-5}$ which is the required accuracy in OpenGL ES 3.0. No 24-bit floating-point divider, whose accuracy is algebraically verified, has been reported. In this paper, a 24-bit floating-point divider is analyzed and it is algebraically verified that its accuracy satisfies the OpenGL requirement.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.1 s.32
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• pp.47-109
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• 2006

서양의학상인위남녀근근시재생식기부동적인(西洋醫學上認爲男女僅僅是在生殖器不同的人). 최근(最近), Legato, Marianne J.박사창립료(博士創立了)‘성인지의학(性認知醫學)’학(學), 개시인식도남녀적차이(開始認識到男女的差異), 주장남녀재치료방법상역부동법(主張男女在治療方法上亦不同法), 종이저일연구진입도료신적단계(從而這一硏究進入到了新的段階). 단시한의학종(但是韓醫學從)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$개시(開始), 취인위남녀재구조상유근본적차이(就認爲男女在構造上有根本的差異), 이차재생리(而且在生理), 병리(病理), 진단(診斷), 치료상야부동(治療上也不同). 기록한의학기본원리적주역적상관서적화(記錄韓醫學基本原理的周易的相關書籍和)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$, 이급역대적주요한의서적급종사임상적한의사적서적상(以及歷代的主要韓醫書籍及從事臨床的韓醫師的書籍上), 역도인위남녀유차이(亦都認爲男女有差異). 관어남녀적생성(關於男女的生成), 재(在)${\ulcorner}$보제방(普濟方) 방맥총론(方脈總論)${\lrcorner}$적변남녀형생신육론중제출료(的辨男女形生神毓論中提出了男女的形成有異). ${\ulcorner}$동의보감(東醫寶鑑)${\lrcorner}$여기타한의서부동(與其他韓醫書不同), 불시이질병위주(不是以疾病爲主), 이시이신위중심(而是以身爲中心), 즉목차안형상진행료배열(卽目次按形象進行了排列), 차상세지언급료남녀(且詳細地言及了男女). 나요남녀시고정불변적마 불시적(不是的). ${\ulcorner}$동의보감(東醫寶鑑) 신형장부론(身形臟腑論)${\lrcorner}$인위(認爲)‘인적형색유차이(人的形色有差異), 장부이유이(臟腑易有異), 고외증수동(故外症雖同), 치법인인이이(治法因人而異).’ 안형상선용부동적치법적관점(按形象選用不同的治法的觀点), 이통과주단계지언이표명(已通過朱丹溪之言而表明). 불변관점상여자체격소이동(不變觀点上女子體格小易動), 남자체격대이와(男子體格大易臥). 남자속양기이산(男子屬陽氣易散). 여남자정서초차(如男子情緖稍差), 즉음주해수(卽飮酒解愁), 불이득우울증(不易得憂鬱症). 응보기정기(應補其精氣). 여자속음기이울체(女子屬陰氣易鬱滯), 다유인기지성질(多有忍氣之性質), 이득우울증(易得憂鬱症), 고다용산기약(故多用散氣藥). 간단이언(簡單而言)‘남자위병허증(男子爲病虛證), 여자위병실증(女子爲病實證).’ 종변화적관점래용약(從變化的觀点來用藥), 예여남자수소가용여자약적사물탕(例如男子瘦小可用女子藥的四物湯). 여자비가용남자약적사군자탕(女子肥可用男子藥的四君子湯). 여자골장가용남자약적육미지황환(女子骨壯可用男子藥的六味地黃丸). 위료갱용역이해(爲了更容易理解)‘남녀불변화변화적관점재의학적운용(男女不變和變化的觀点在醫學的運用)’, 이임상병례진행설명(以臨床病例進行說明). 재임상상통과형색맥증적합일화변증론치결정처방(在臨床上通過形色脈證的合一和辨證論治決定處方). 즉불능단순적인위(卽不能單純的認爲), 인위시남자취용육미지황환(因爲是男子就用六味地黃丸), 여자취용사물탕(女子就用四物湯). 남자약소가용사군자탕(男子若小可用四君子湯) 사물탕(四物湯) 육미지황탕(六味地黃湯), 이여자약대가용사군자탕(而女子若大可用四君子湯) 이진탕(二陳湯) 평위산(平胃散) 육군자탕(六君子湯). 인차(因此) 남녀재구조(男女在構造) 생리(生理) 병리유근본성차이(病理有根本性差異), 불이형상래구분(不以形象來區分), 용약상시지불변적입장(用藥上是持不變的立場), 이이형상용약(而以形象用藥), 시종변화적입장래고려적(是從變化的立場來考慮的). 인위이남녀위기준종사임상(認爲以男女爲基準從事臨床), 시부합한의학기본원리지음양관(是符合韓醫學基本原理之陰陽觀).