• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

Recently, urban information system(UIS) has been developed and utilized by local governments in Korea and has become a key means of urban informatization of local governments. When UIS is conducted only for FM oriented internal utilization regardless of its cost-efficiency, however, its cost-benefit structure could be distorted seriously. The study utilizes benefit cost analysis technique and applied the technique to a model case of Chungju UIS selected by National GIS team. Chungju City developed its GIS for the management of roads and urban planning in 1993. At its beginning, the system was an efficient model with relatively strong cost-benefit structure and could produce positive net benefit 10 years' after its construction. When the city began to develop its facility management with the financial assistance from central government in 1998, however, its cost-benefit structure became distorted. As a result, it is delayed for the UIS to produce positive net benefit until the year of 2015. Using benefit cost ratio, discount rate and Mobile GIS, the study also conducts a sensitivity analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1053-1061
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• 2017

The study is concerned with providing the improvement method on making a reasonable and scientific decision on the damages accrued from the bid rigging in the construction work. According to the review on the precedent studies and decision cases on the damages caused by bid rigging, the representative problems include the insufficiency of the classification system on the damage calculation method and the omission of the necessary stage in the damage determination process. First, the improved classification system on calculating the damages caused by bid rigging is presented with the application to the bid rigging in the construction work by adding the ratio factor in addition to the damage calculation parameters such as price and cost. Second, the standard procedures organized with six stages is presented as the process required for determining the damages if the indemnification for bid rigging is claimed. The study becomes the foundation for resolving the problem with the undue burden on a party and for preventing the opportunity loss by resolving a dispute early through the improvement classification system and standard procedures presented in the study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate musculoskeletal symptoms and job stress of physical therapists in their 20s who are responsible for therapeutic exercise and to understand the correlation between the two. This study conducted a research on 144 subjects based on the measurement tools provided by national institution. The results are as follows. Many subjects were experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorder in their hands/wrists/fingers, shoulders, and waist with high proportionate of subjects experiencing the symptoms and disorder in their right hand/wrist/finger. Among job stress, job environment, job requirement, and compensation had significantly positive correlation with physical burden(r=.297~.392, p=.000). In particular, shoulder pain intensity has significantly positive correlation with job requirement, duration of pain in hand, wrist, and fingers as well as workplace culture(r=.331~.478, p=.003~.009) which indicates that musculoskeletal symptoms are some what correlated with job stress. Based on this study, it is necessary to show more concern and make an effort to manage musculoskeletal symptoms and job stress.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2010

This paper investigates the behavior of precast concrete (PC) shear walls with a new vertical connections for a fast remodeling construction. The C-type vertical connections for the PC wall systems are proposed for transfer of bending moment between top and bottom walls in the vertical direction while a shear key in the center of wall is prepared to transfer shear forces by bearing action. The proposed vertical connections allows easy fabrication thanks to slots at the edges of wall in opposite directions. The plane PC wall systems subject to lateral load are compared with ordinary wall systems by investigating the effects of connection on the stiffness, strength, ductility, and failure modes of whole systems. The load-displacement relationship and influence of premature failure of connections are examined. The experimental test showed that the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars placed at the edges of walls yielded first and the ultimate deformation were terminated due to premature failure of connections. The diagonal reinforcements for efficient shear transfer in the walls were not effective. The strength and deformation obtained through the section analysis were generally in agreement with the experimental data, and indicated that. Gap opening contributed to the deformation behavior more than any other factors.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

Pile load tests were carried out to investigate the contribution of the pile cap to the carrying capacity of a pile group and load transfer characteristics of piles in the group. A group of 24 piles$(4 \times6 array)$ of 92.5mm diameter steel pipe were installed to the depth of 3m fron the ground surface, the top of weathered rock. A maximum load of 320ton was applied to the pile cap, $1.5\times2.3m$, in contact with the ground surface. At the maximum load of 320ton, the pile cap has carried 22% of the total load. Average ultimate capacity of pile in the pile group was estimated to be 16.4ton, substantially higher than that of single pile, installed at the corner and tested before pile cap construction. For the same magnitude of settlement, the pile in the center carried less load than the pile at the perimeter due to strain superposition effect. Piles in the group showed almost constant contribution(approx. 60%) of side friction to the total capacity for all of the loading stages, while that of single pile decreased from 82% to 65%.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.217-232
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 시계열 데이터베이스에서 정규화 변환을 지원하는 서브시퀀스 매칭 알고리즘을 제안한다. 정규화 변환을 시계열 데이터 간의 절대적인 유클리드 거리에 관계 없이, 구성하는 값들의 상대적인 변화 추이가 유사한 패턴을 갖는 시계열 데이터를 검색하는 데에 유용하다. 기존의 서브시퀀스 매칭 알고리즘을 확장 없이 정규화 변환 서브시퀀스 매칭에 단순히 응용할 경우, 질의 결과로 반환되어야 할 서부시퀀스를 모두 찾아내지 못하는 착오 기각이 발생한다. 또한, 정규화 변환을 지원하는 기존의 전체 매칭 알고리즘의 경우, 모든 가능한 질의 시퀀스 길이 각각에 대하여 하나씩의 인덱스를 생성하여야 하므로, 저장 공간 및 데이터 시퀀스 삽입/삭제의 부담이 매우 심각하다. 본 논문에서는 인덱스 보간법을 이용하여 문제를 해결한다. 인덱스 보간법은 인덱스가 요구되는 모든 경우 중에서 적당한 간격의 일부에 대해서만 생성된 인덱스를 이용하며, 인덱스가 필요한 모든 경우에 대한 탐색을 수행하는 기법이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 몇 개의 질의 시퀀스 길이에 대해서만 각각 인덱스를 생성한 후, 이를 이용하여 모든 가능한 길이의 질의 시퀀스에 대해서 탐색을 수행한다. 이때, 착오 기각이 발생하지 않음을 증명한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 질의 시에 주어진 질의 시퀀스의 길이에 따라 생성되어 있는 인덱스 중에서 가장 적절한 것을 선택하여 탐색을 수행한다. 이때, 생성되어 있는 인덱스의 개수가 많을수록 탐색 성능이 향상된다. 필요에 따라 인덱스의 개수를 변화함으로써 탐색 성능과 저장 공간 간의 비율을 유연하게 조정할 수 있다. 질의 시퀀스의 길이 256 ~ 512중 다섯 개의 길이에 대해 인덱스를 생성하여 실험한 결과, 탐색 결과 선택률이 $10^{-2}$일 때 제안된 알고리즘의 탐색 성능이 순차 검색에 비하여 평균 2.40배, 선택률이 $10^{-5}$일 때 평균 14.6배 개선되었다. 제안된 알고리즘의 탐색 성능은 탐색 결과 선택률이 작아질수록 더욱 향상되므로, 실제 데이터베이스 응용에서의 효용성이 높다고 판단된다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 1998

This study is intended to suggest the method of text arrangement in order to enhance visual perception which would help darify its communication. One hundred subjects without restriction of gender and profession participated in each experiment :their reading time was measured by the 0.01 second. The Analysis of Variance(two-way ANOVA without interaction) was performed for each experiment and the p value was 0.0001 which implies that there was a strong consistency among test results. Based on the first results, it is found that there is a consistent relationship between type size and text line length, and the following discovery was made ; the most effective ratio of type size to line length is approximately 1 :8. Judging from the Second and Third results, it seems that the vertical text arrangement is most efficient for reading regardless of text line length. So to make same rreading direction is more important than to narrow down the eye moving distance between column and column for efficient visual flow. This research supports the view that considering efficient eye movement on text, it is important to understand the mentioned variables that affect visual interpretation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2004

In developed and industrialized countries life expectancy has increased significantly over the past century. As a consequence, the proportion of elderly individuals in these countries has also enlarged with the resulting increased burden on health care providers. In many developing countries the problem of age related and other eye disorders has far outstripped the ability to manage them. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced an initiative: Vision 2020 - The Right to Sight, with the objective of eliminating preventable blindness by the year 2020. This paper reviews the broad range of conditions involving external and internal structures of the eye and also the effects of aging on visual functions. It is hoped that this will provide a stimulus for increased study of these disorders, improved clinical diagnosis, and an enhanced interest and role in contributing to the objectives of the WHO and the World Council of Optometry with respect to early diagnosis, prevention and management of the diseases and disorders of the eye that are more prevalent in old age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.702-714
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• 2020

Stock investment is a personal investment technique that has gathered tremendous interest since the reduction in interest rates and tax exemption. However, it is risky especially for those who do not have expert knowledge on stock volatility. Therefore, it is well understood that accurate stock trend prediction can greatly help stock investment, giving birth to a volume of research work in the field. In order to compare different research works and to optimize hyper-parameters for prediction models, it is required to have an evaluation standard that can accurately assess performances of prediction models. However, little research has been done in the area, and conventionally used methods have been employed repeatedly without being rigorously validated. For this reason, we first analyze performance evaluation of stock trend prediction with respect to performance metrics and data composition, and propose a fair evaluation method based on prediction disparity ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.409-419
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• 1999

전기기술은 기술의 특성상 민간에 대한 유인이 적은 공유성 기술이나 대학 또는 기업이 감당하기 어려운 대형복합기술의 비중이 높으며, 최근 들어 전력산업의 구조개편 등에 따라 국가적 기술개발수요가 확대됨과 동시에 전기기술의 이용분야 확대와 타 기술과의 융합화 및 대형화로 신기술수요가 늘어나고 있다. 현재 우리 나라의 전기기술 R&D체제에서는 공공기술에 대한 사각지대가 발생하고 있음에도 불구하고 국가차원의 R&D 공급이 미약하여, 거대한 시험설비와 첨단고가장비를 필요로 하는 시스템기술로 일부 기기나 시스템운용을 제외하고는 개별기업이나 전력회사에 대한 기술개발 유인이 크지 않으며, 따라서 전기기술분야의 R&D 실태 파악과 역할에 대한 검토를 통해 R&D 주체별 기관특성에 맞는 국가 R&D체계의 정립이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 앞으로는 전기기술분야의 국가 R&D 목표 및 기본전략에 따라 국가 R&D 자원의 규모, R&D 주체간의 역할분담 등 전반적인 R&D 체계의 구축이 선행되어야 하며, 이를 통해 기관별 Mission 및 고유기능을 토대로 전문성 제고와 특성화를 유도할 수 있는 연구여건의 조성이 시급하다 하겠다. 특히, 장기대형연구, 원천기술연구, 기초기반연구, 연구기반구축, 인력양성 등 필수적 국가기능에 대해서는 기관별 특성에 따라 안정적인 역할수행이 가능하도록 역할분담 및 정책적 지원을 하되, 그 밖의 영역이나, 민간 및 전력회사의 독자적인 R&D에 대해서는 경쟁 및 협력을 통한 연구효율성 향상을 유도하는 방향으로 나가는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 국가적 전력기술 R&D의 효과적인 수행과 실효성 확보를 위해서는 재원확보가 선행되어야 하며, 이를 위한 방안으로는 기존의 전력사업자에게는 기술개발충당금 또는 전기요금 중 일정비율을 국가적 R&D 재원으로 설정할 수 있을 것이며. 신규 사업자에게도 규제비용의 차원에서 일정 부담금을 부과하는 방법이 가능할 것이다. 이러한 재원을 가지고 사업성격 및 R&D 유형에 따라 역할분담에 따른 지원, 정책적 사업, 경쟁적 사업공모 등을 통해 지원분야 및 규모, 대상기관 등에 대한 선별적인 지원이 이루어져야할 것이다.