• Title/Summary/Keyword: 볼 밀링

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The Effects of Pretreatment and Surfactants on CNT and Permalloy Composite Electroplating (전처리와 분산제가 CNT-permalloy 복합전기도금에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Um, Ho-Kyung;Lee, Heung-Yeol;Yim, Tai-Hong;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 2010
  • CNT and permalloy composite plating was investigated. CNTs were pretreated prior to electroplating to disassemble the tangled CNT lumps. The ball milling as a physical pretreatment and the acid treatment as a chemical pretreatment were used. 10M nitric acid and 10 M sulfuric acid were used for the chemical pretreatment. Sulfuric acid was more effective than nitric acid to disassemble CNT lumps. To disperse CNT in the solution, surfactants were used. SDS, Triton X-100 and PAA were used for this purpose. More CNTs were incorporated in permalloy coating when PAA was used as a surfactant. The surface morphologies were observed with FESEM after electroplating CNT and permalloy. The current densities were varied from 10 to $80\;mA/cm^2$ and the concentration of PAA was fixed at 2 g/L. The optimum current density without surface cracks was $20\;mA/cm^2$. The crystallinity of the deposit was analyzed with XRD and the surface hardness was analyzed with Vicker's hardness tester. The corrosion behavior was analyzed with polarization plot. The physical properties of permalloy were not improved with CNT composite plating.

Apparent Densification Rate and Initial Permeability of NiCuZn Ferrite Depended on Relative Packing Density (NiCuZn Ferrite의 겉보기 고화속도와 초기투자율의 충진율 의존성에 관한 연구)

  • 류병환;이정민;고재천
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 1998
  • In this research, the processing control of NiCuZn Ferrite (NCZF) had been studied. NiCuZn Ferrite, which calcined at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 bours, was ball milled for about 60 hours to ill김ke a size of $0.5\mu\;extrm{m}$ followed by granulation using spray dryer Apparent densincatioo rate and initial permeability of NiCuZn Ferrite with an initial packing density had been investigated as f follows. 1.The relative packing density of NCZF green body increas$\xi$d in the range of 48.6-56.8% with an increased forming pressure of 20-170 MPa. 2. The higher the relative pac퍼ng density of NCZF and the sintering temperature are, the higher the initial densification rate. The increased bulk rlcnsity of NCZF was attributed to the densification rate with decreased open pore and increased closed pore as the relative packing density, sintering temperature, and sinteriog tim$\xi$ increased. 3. The initial P permeability of NCZF with constant composition is logarithmically proportional to the bulk density of NCZF sintered at $875~925^{\circ}C$ for 0-5h, and strongly depended on the relative packing density of NCZF green body. The empirical equation is as f follows; log $\mu$i=$G1{\times}BD$+$G2{\times}RPD$+b(0);where, G1, G2; gradient, B.D: bulk density, RPD; relative packing density, b(0); intercept.

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The Prodessing Control of NiCuZn Ferrite(II) - The Relationship between Initial Permeability and Bulk Density of NiCuZn Ferrite as Functions of Forming Pressure and Sintering Temperature. (NiCuZn Ferrite의 제조공정 제어(제2보) - 성형압력 및 소성온도 변화에 따른 초기투자율과 겉보기밀도에 관한 고찰)

  • 류병환;김선희;최경숙;고재천
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.937-946
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    • 1995
  • In this research, the processing control of NiCuZn Ferrite has been developed. The relationship between initial permeability and bulk density of NiCuZn Ferrite with processing factors was studied. NiCuZn Ferrite, which calcinated at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, was ball milled for about 60 hours to make a size of $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ followed by granulation using spray dryer. The physical properties and the magnetic properties of NiCuZn Ferrite were investigated with the processing factor, such as (i) granule size and forming pressure, and (ii) sintering temperature. The green density of NiCuZn Ferrite was largely depended on the forming pressure rather than its granule size. The green density of NiCuZn Ferrite was increased from $2.484\;g/cm^{3}$ to $3.002\;g/cm^{3}$ with increase in forming pressure. The bulk density of NiCuZn Ferrite was increased from $3.470\;g/cm^{3}$ to $4.754\;g/cm^{3}$ linearly with increase in sintering temperature. The relationship between initial permeability and bulk density of NiCuZn Ferrite was expressed with the empirical equation,$\mu_{i}=a+b_{\rho}+c_{\rho}^2$ at forming pressure and sintering temperature.

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High Thermal Conductivity h-BN/PVA Composite Films for High Power Electronic Packaging Substrate (고출력 전자 패키지 기판용 고열전도 h-BN/PVA 복합필름)

  • Lee, Seong Tae;Kim, Chi Heon;Kim, Hyo Tae
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 2018
  • High thermal conductivity films with electrically insulating properties have a great potential for the effective heat transfer as substrate and thermal interface materials in high density and high power electronic packages. There have been lots of studies to achieve high thermal conductivity composites using high thermal conductivity fillers such alumina, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, CNT and graphene, recently. Among them, hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) nano-sheet is a promising candidate for high thermal conductivity with electrically insulating filler material. This work presents an enhanced heat transfer properties of ceramic/polymer composite films using h-BN nano-sheets and PVA polymer resins. The h-BN nano-sheets were prepared by a mechanical exfoliation of h-BN flakes using organic media and subsequent ultrasonic treatment. High thermal conductivities over $2.8W/m{\cdot}K$ for transverse and $10W/m{\cdot}K$ for in-plane direction of the cast films were achieved for casted h-BN/PVA composite films. Further improvement of thermal conductivity up to $13.5W/m{\cdot}K$ at in-plane mode was achieved by applying uniaxial compression at the temperature above glass transition of PVA to enhance the alignment of the h-BN nano-sheets.

Metal 첨가물질에 따른 비정질 IGZO 투명전극 특성 연구

  • Sin, Han-Jae;Hwang, Do-Yeon;Lee, Jeong-Hwan;Lee, Dong-Ik;Park, Seong-Eun;Park, Jae-Seong;Kim, Seong-Jin;Lee, Yeong-Ju;Seo, Chang-Taek
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.368-370
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    • 2013
  • 투명 전극은 전기전도도를 갖는 동시에 가시광선을 투과하는 소재를 말하며, 구체적으로는 빛의 파장이 400~700 nm 영역대의 가시광선을 80% 이상 투과하며 전기전도도가 비저항으로 $10^{-3}{\Omega}cm$이하이거나 면저항이 $10^3{\Omega}$/${\Box}$소재를 의미한다. 투명 전극은 전기전도도에 따라 사용되는 용도가 다양하다. LCD, PDP, OLED 와 같은 평판디스플레이 및 3D 디스플레이의 투명전극으로 사용되는 핵심재료일 뿐만 아니라 터치스크린, 투명필름, 대전방지막, 열반사막, EMI 방지막, 태양전지 분야에 광범위하게 이용되고 있다. 일반적으로, 투명전극 박막에 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 소재는 ITO (indium tin oxide)이나, 주성분인 In의 사용량 증가로 상용 ITO 타겟 가격이 급등하고 있음으며, 고가의 ITO 타겟을 대체하기 위한 저가의 투명전극 소재 개발이 절대적으로 요구되며, 신규 소재 개발을 통한 기술력 우위 선점이 필수적으로 요구되는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 디스플레이 분야에서 널리 활용되는 고가의 ITO를 대체하기 위한 다성분 금속산화물 투명전극 스퍼터링 타겟 제조기술을 개발하기 위한 연구로서, Metal이 첨가된 In-Ga-Zn-O기반의 3성분계 투명도전성 소재를 조성설계, 고밀도 균질 타겟 제조 및 투명전극 박막을 형성하는 연구를 실시하였다. 고체산화물 산화인듐(In2O3)분말, 산화갈륨(Ga2O3) 분말그리고 산화아연(ZnO)분말과 Metal을 몰비로 칭량한 후 분말을 폴리에틸렌제 포트에 넣고 에탄올을 충분히 채운 후 지르코니아(ZrO2) 볼(ball)을 이용하여 24 h 동안 볼 밀링(ball milling) 방법으로 혼합한 뒤, $120^{\circ}C$의 플레이트위에서 마그네틱 바로 stirring하면서 건조하였다. 이 분말을 건조기에서 완전히 건조한 후 알루미나 유발을 이용해서 pulverizing한 후 sieving기를 이용하여 분말의 조립화를 하였다. 이 분말을 금형에 넣고 300 kg/$cm^2$의 압력으로 press하여 성형한 뒤 대기중에서 소결하였다 소결을 위한 승온 온도는 $10^{\circ}C$/min이었고 소결은 $1,450^{\circ}C$에서 6 h 동안 하였다. IGZO target의 조성 비율은 1:1:12 (mol%)를 사용하였으며, 첨가한 Metal은 Boron (B), Germanium (Ge), Barium (Ba)을 사용하여 타겟을 제작하였다. M-IGZO 박막은RF magnetron Sputter를 이용하여 증착하였으며, 앞선 실험에서 제작한 타겟을 사용하여 M-IGZO박막을 투명전극으로 사용하기 위한 각각의 특성을 파악하였다. 모든 박막은 상온에서 증착을 하였으며, 증착된 박막두께를 측정하기 위해 ${\alpha}$-step IQ를 사용하였고, 광학적 특성을 분석하기 위해 UV-Visible spectrophotometer 로 투과율을 측정하였다. 그리고 전기적 특성을 측정하기 위해 Hall effect measurement 및 4-probe를 사용하였으며, 결정성 분석을 위하여 XRD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 표1은 M-IGZO타겟을 사용하여 증착시간에 따른 면저항 특성을 나타내었다. Ge, B, Ba이 첨가된 IGZO 박막은 증착시간이 증가할수록 면저항이 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한, Ge이 첨가된 IGZO 박막이 다른 금속이 첨가된 IGZO 박막의 면저항보다 현저히 낮음을 알 수 있었다. Fig. 1(a), (b), (c)는 각 타겟을 동일한 조건으로 증착을 하여 광학적특성을 나타내는 그래프이다. GZO 박막의 광학적 특성을 보면 가시광 영역에서 평균 투과율은 모두 80% 이상으로 우수한 광투과 특성을 보여 투명전자소자로 사용가능하다. 특히, 자외선 영역을 모두 차단하는 UV cut 능력이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 금속이 첨가된 IGZO 박막을 태양전지용 투명전극으로 사용할 경우, 자외선에 의하여 수명이 단축되는 현상을 줄여줄 수 있음을 기대할 수 있으며 내구성 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 보인다. Fig. 2는 Ge=0, 0.5, 5%인 IGZO 투명전극을 총 40회 반복하여 증착을 실시한 후 각각의 면저항을 측정한 결과이다. 실험결과에 따르면 Ge가 0%, 5%인 IGZO 투명전극은 증착을 거듭할수록 면저항이 증가하는 결과를 나타내었으며, 0.5%인 IGZO 투명전극은 점차 안정화되어가는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 안정화 되었을 때 평균 면저항은 26ohm/sq.로 나타났으며, 광투과율은 Fig. 3과 같이 가시광영역에서 평균 80%이상의 결과를 보였으며, 550 nm에서는 86.36%의 우수한 특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 Metal이 첨가된 In-Ga-Zn-O기반의 3성분계 투명도전성 소재 target을 제작하여 RF magnetron sputter로 박막을 형성한 후 특성을 비교하였다. M-IGZO target 중 Ge (0.5%)을 첨가한 IGZO 타겟을 사용한 투명전극이 가장 우수한 특성을 보였으며, 제작된 M-target의 In 비율이 30% 정도로 기존의 ITO (90%) 대비하여 투명전극 제작 단가를 절감할 수 있다.

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Evaluation of reverse torque value of abutment screws on CAD/CAM custom-made implant abutments (CAD/CAM을 이용한 맞춤형 임플란트 지대주의 나사 풀림 토크 평가)

  • Lee, Chang-Jae;Yang, Sung-Eun;Kim, Seok-Gyu
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.128-134
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the screw joint stability between the CADCAM custom-made implant abutment and the prefabricated implant abutment by measuring the reverse torque value after cyclic loading. Materials and methods: Twelve screw type implants (Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) were embedded in aluminum cylinder with acrylic resin. The implant specimens were equally divided into 3 groups, and connected to the prefabricated titanium abutments (Implantium, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea), CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments (Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea) and CADCAM custom-made zirconia abutments (Zirconia Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea). The CAD-CAM milled titanium crown (Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea) was cemented on each implant abutment by resin cement. Before cyclic loading, each abutment screw was tightened to 30 Ncm and the reverse torque value was measured about 30 minutes later. After the crown specimen was subjected to the sinusoidal cyclic loading (30 to 120 N, 500,000 cycles, 2 Hz), postloading reverse torque value was measured and the reverse torque loss ratio was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis of the reverse torque loss ratio. Results: The CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments presented higher values in reverse torque loss ratio without statistically significant differences than the prefabricated titanium abutments ($P$>.05). Reverse torque loss ratio of the custom-made zirconia abutments was significantly higher compared to that of the prefabricated titanium abutments ($P$=.014). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present $in-vitro$ study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in screw joint stability between the CADCAM custom-made titanium abutments and the prefabricated titanium abutments. On the other hand, the CADCAM custom-made zirconia abutments showed lower screw joint stability than prefabricated titanium abutments.

Study on Oxidation and Coercivity of Nd2Fe14B Compound Crystal (Nd2Fe14B 화합물 결정의 산화 및 보자력에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, H.W.;Yu, J.H.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2012
  • Oxidation of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ compound crystal and its effect on the coercivity of the fine $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ crystal particles were investigated. Oxidation kinetics of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ compound crystal was investigated using an excessively grown $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ grains in the $Nd_{15}Fe_{77}B_8$ alloy ingot. Oxidation of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ compound crystal occurred by dissociation of the phase into multi-phase mixture of ${\alpha}$-Fe, $Fe_3B$, and Nd oxides. Oxidation rate of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ compound crystal showed no dependence on the crystallographic direction. The oxidation reaction was modeled according to simple linear relationship. Activation energy for the oxidation of $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ compound crystal was calculated to be approximately 26.8 kJ/mol. Fine $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ crystal particles in near single domain size was prepared by ball milling of the HDDR-treated $Nd_{15}Fe_{77}B_8$ alloy, and these particles were used for investigating the effect of oxidation on the coercvity. The near single domain size $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ crystal particles (${\fallingdotseq}0.3\;{\mu}m$) had high coercivity over 9 kOe. However, the coercivity was radically reduced as the temperature increased in air (<2 kOe at $200^{\circ}C$). This radical coercivity reduction was attributed to the soft magnetic phases, ${\alpha}$-Fe and $Fe_3B$, which were formed on the surface of the fine particles due to the oxidation.

The Effect of BaF2 Particle Size for Zirconium Recycling by Precipitation from Waste Acid and Ba2ZrF8 Vacuum Distillation Property (폐 산세 용액으로부터 공침 반응에 의한 지르코늄 회수 시 BaF2 입도 영향 및 Ba2ZrF8의 진공증류 특성)

  • Choi, Jeong Hun;Nersisyan, Hayk;Han, Seul Ki;Kim, Young Min;Park, Cheol-Ho;Kahng, Jong Won;Na, Ki Hyun;Kim, Jeong hun;Lee, Jong Hyeon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2017
  • Nuclear fuel cladding tube is fabricated by pilgering and annealing process. In order to remove impurity and oxygen layer on the surface, pickling process is carried out. When Zirconium(Zr) is dissolved and saturated in acid solution during the pickling process, all the waste acid including Zr is disposed. Therefore, $BaF_2$ is added into the waste acid to extract Zr and $Ba_2ZrF_8$ is subsequently formed. To recycle Zr by electrowinning process, $Ba_2ZrF_8$ is used as electrolyte, but it has high melting point ($1053^{\circ}C$). $ZrF_4$ should be added into $Ba_2ZrF_8$ to decrease the melting point. In this paper, it was investigated that $Ba_2ZrF_8$ was separated to $BaF_2$ and $ZrF_4$ by vacuum distillation. Firstly, $BaF_2$ with different particle size ($1{\mu}m$, $35{\mu}m$, $110{\mu}m$) was added into the waste acid and the respective precipitation property was estimated. $BaF_2$ obtained by vacuum distillation was shattered by ball-milling with different time. The precipitation efficiency was compared with $1{\mu}m$ of ${BaF_2}^{\prime}s$ one, which was not used as precipitation agent.