• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.598-601
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• 2014

The effects of process parameters for the formation of polypropylene film such as the polypropylene concentration in the solution, drying temperature for coating film, and variation of nano-silica content on the surface structure and property of polypropylene film have been studied. A super-hydrophobic polypropylene film with a maximum contact angle of $154^{\circ}$ was obtained at the condition of a polypropylene concentration of 30 mg/mL, a drying temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, a drying pressure of 93 mtorr for 90 min. The increase of a drying temperature reduced the contact angle by enhancing the surface smoothness of the film. The increase of nano-silica content in the composite film composed of polypropylene and silica changed the surface shape from microporous to microglobular, which led to increasing the contact angle and showed the super-hydrophobic surface property.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Electrochemical properties of Ti-30Ta-$(3{\sim}15)$Nb alloys coated by HA/Ti compound layer have been studied by various electrochemical method. Ti-30Ta binary alloys contained 3, 7, 10, and 15 wt% Nb contents were manufactured by the vacuum furnace system. The specimens were homogenized for 24 hrs at $1000^{\circ}C$. The samples were cut and polished for corrosion test and coating. It was coated with HA/Ti compound layer by magnetron sputter. The HA/Ti non-coated and coated morphology of Ti alloy were analyzed by x-ray diffractometer(XRD) and filed emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The corrosion behaviors were investigated using potentiodynamic method in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The homoginazed Ti-30Ta-$(3{\sim}15wt%$)Nb alloys showed the ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ phase, and ${\beta}$ phase peak was predominantly appeared with increasing Nb content. The microstructure of Ti alloy was transformed from needle-like structure to equiaxed structure as Nb content increased. HA/Ti composite surface showed uniform coating layer with 750 nm thickness. The corrosion resistance of HA/Ti composite coated Ti-alloys were higher than those of the non-coated samples in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Especially, corrosion resistance of Ti-Ta-Nb system increased as Nb content increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

Properties of coatings produced by warm spray were investigated in order to utilize this technique as a repair method for Al tire molds. $Al-(0-10%)Al_2O_3$ composite powder was sprayed on Al substrate by warm spraying, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coating layer were investigated. For comparative study, the properties of the coating produced by plasma spray, which is a relatively high-temperature spraying process, were also investigated. The composite coating layers produced by the two spray techniques exhibited significantly different morphology, perhaps due to their different process temperatures and velocities of particles. Whereas the $Al_2O_3$ particles in the warm sprayed coating layer maintained their initial shape before the spray, flattened and irregular shape $Al_2O_3$ particles were distributed in the plasma sprayed coating layer. The coating layer produced by warm spray showed significantly higher adhesive strength compared to that produced by plasma spray. Hardness was also higher in the warm sprayed coating layer compared to the plasma sprayed one. Moreover, with increasing the fraction of $Al_2O_3$, hardness gradually increased in both spray coating processes. In conclusion, an $Al-Al_2O_3$ composite coating layer with good mechanical properties was successfully produced by warm spray.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2007

The sulfonated ion exchange fibers were synthesized by $Co^{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation-induced graft copolymerization. Degree of grafting was increased with increasing the total dose. The degree of grafting for POF-g-St/DVB copolymer was 1000%. The ion exchange capacity of sulfonated ion exchange fibers were increased by increasing the degree of sulfonation. Its maximum value was 5.06 meq/g. The ion exchange capacity of sulfonated POF- co-St/DVB ion exchange fiber was higher than that of the sulfonated POF- co-styrene ion exchange fibers. The amount of adsorption for heavy metals were also increased with increase in the degree of grafting of the ion exchange fibers.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.26-29
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• 2013

The latest research & development trend on friction stir welding and friction stir processing technologies presented in the international symposium, 'Friction Stir Welding & Processing VII'. Papers and presentations about high temperature materials such as advanced high strength steel, stainless steel and titanum alloy shoot up this year. Papers on modeling of metal flow and control of process parameters also increased. The FSP technologies for manufacturing of carbon materials reinforced metal matrix composites were reported, too.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Nanofiber is a broad phrase generally referring to a fiber with diameter less than 1 micron. Various polymers have been successfully electrospun into nanofibers in recent years. These nanofibers, due to their high surface area and porosity, have a great potential for use as filter medium, adsorption layers in protective clothing, etc. Nanofiber filters will enable new levels of filtration performance in the field of air filtration. In particular, nanofibers provide marked increases in filtration efficiency at relatively small pressure drop in permeability. Therefore, nanofiber filters could be substituted for conventional filter market due to the easy application of process and the possibility of coating to micron-sized non-woven sheets. This review is discussed on the trend of researche and development related to nanofiber filter including future marketability.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2004

The $BaTiO_3$ powders and thin films were prepared by an alkoxide modified sol-gel process (polymerization-complex route) using ethylene glycol. The stable starting (Ba-Ti)-mixed metal organic sol was made by addition of acetylacetone. The $BaTiO_3$ powders, which had a particle size of 40~77 nm, were crystallized from an amorphous to a tetragonal phase on annealing at 700 and $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. From FT-IR, solid-state $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the trace of the Ba-Ti-oxycarbonate phase first appeared at $400^{\circ}C$. Hydrolyzed sol was spin coated on a quartz wafer at 3500 rpm for 60 s and pyrolyzed at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. After heat treatment, the coated layer became dense and smooth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.210-210
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• 2010

저항 구조를 가진 유기 쌍안정성 소자는 비휘발성 기억 소자 중에서 구조가 간단하고 제작비용이 저렴하며 플렉시블이 용이한 장점 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 유기물/무기물 복합재료를 사용한 유기 쌍안정성 소자 제작에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔지만, 넓은 에너지 밴드 갭을 가진 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자가 삽입된 고분자 박막을 기반으로 제작한 유기 쌍안정성 소자에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 박막 안에 분산된 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자를 사용하여 제작한 유기 쌍안정성 소자의 전기적인 특성을 관찰하였다. 소자를 제작하기 위해 나노 입자의 전구체인 Tin 2-ethylhexanoate (95%) 2.4 mmol을 dibutyl ether (99.3%) 10 ml에 용해시킨 후, 용매열 화학적 방법을 사용하여 용매 안에서 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자를 합성하였다. 용매 안에 들어있는 1 wt%의 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자와 100 mg의 PMMA를 2 ml의 클로로벤젠에 용해하여 고분자 용액을 제작하였다. 하부 전극 역할을 하는 indium tin oxide가 증착된 유리 기판 위에 고분자 용액을 스핀 코팅하고, 열을 가해 용매를 제거하여 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자가 분산되어 있는 PMMA 박막을 형성하였다. 그 위에 Al 전극을 증착하여 기억 소자를 완성하였다. 제작된 유기 쌍안정성 소자의 전류-전압 (I-V) 측정 결과에서는 동일한 전압에서 서로 크기가 다른 전류가 흐르는 I-V 곡선의 히스테리시스 특성이 나타났다. 그러나 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자가 없는 PMMA 박막으로 형성된 유기 쌍안정성 소자에서는 I-V 곡선의 히스테리시스 특성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 PMMA 박막 안에 삽입된 $SnO_2$ 나노 입자가 유기 쌍안정성 소자의 메모리 효과에 결정적인 영향을 준 것을 알 수 있었다. 전류-시간 측정 결과에서는 소자의 ON/OFF 비율이 시간에 따라 큰 변화 이 없이 1000 사이클 이상 지속적으로 유지 하고 있음을 보여 줌으로써 유기 쌍안정성 소자를 장시간 사용할 수 있음을 나타내 주었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.373-373
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• 2010

광촉매능을 갖는 $TiO_2$는 국내외적으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 빛의 조사로 발생하는 다양한 물리 화학적 촉매특성이 환경정화 뿐만 아니라 및 에너지 흡수차단 기능도 갖고 있어 최근 주목을 받고 있다. 응용분야로 초친수성 유리제품, 필터, 살균기능의 의료용 부품소재, 고효율 수소생산 및 태양전지 등에 활용성이 커서 친환경에너지 소재로 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초친수성 자동차의 사이드미러 개발을 위해 유리표면에 초친수성 $TiO_2$를 코팅하 고 그의 특성을 평가하였다. 특히, 이종밴드갭을 갖는 복합구조 $TiO_2/Cr_2O_3$/Cr 박막을 스퍼터링법으로 증착하여 중간층인 $Cr_2O_3$의 역할을 고찰하였다. 제조된 박막의 결정구조는 thin film형 X-선회절기(XRD)를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 박막의 표면 미세구조는 FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)와 AFM(Atomic Force Microscope)으로, 화학구조는 XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope)로 분석하였다. 친수성 평가는 실온 분위기에서 접촉각 측정기(Topcon-UVR2)를 사용하여 평가 하였으며 이때 조사되는 UV는 파장이 365nm이다. $Cr_2O_3$(비정질)/Cr박막위에 제조된 $TiO_2$ 박막은 균일한 anatase-$TiO_2$가 성장했으나, Cr, $Cr_2O_3$(결정질)박막위에 제조 된 $TiO_2$ 박막은 anatase상과 rulile상이 혼합된 형태로 성장하였다. $TiO_2$/Cr, $TiO_2/Cr_2O_3$(비정질)/Cr, $TiO_2/Cr_2O_3$(결정질)/Cr박막은 UV조사 1시간 만에 $10^{\circ}$ 이하의 초친수성을 나타내었다. 이종 밴드갭을 갖는 $TiO_2/Cr_2O_3$(비정질)/Cr박막은 40시간까지 친수성을 유지하는 결과를 나타냈다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 1999

The effect of aluminosilicate sol on the formation of mullite layer in zircon shell mold was investigated. Aluminosilicate sol was prepared by mixing of colloidal silica(NALCO(R) 1130) and an aqueous solution of aluminium nitrate at room temperature. The sol gelled at 50$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs. It was identified that the gel consists of aluminosilicate complexes and gibbsite. The coordination number of all aluminium ion bonded with silicon ion was four. Mullite phase formed by sintering above 1300$^{\circ}C$. XRD peak of mullite sharpened with increasing sintering temperature and the content of aluminium nitrate. Mullite phase displayed whisker-like 0.5~5${\mu}m $ particles. Separation between 1st and 3rd layers during sintering and the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between residual silica and mullite.