• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.350-359
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop theme-based integrated science unit by the interdisciplinary approach and to analyze it's effects on the science achievement and the attitude towards science learning. 'Interaction' and 'Stability' were selected as the integrated themes, and the main concept and subconcept in relation to the themes were extracted from the four areas of science, and the learning contents were constructed in the integrated ways. While the main concept have relevance to subconcept in the interaction, the main concept have little relevance to subconcept in the stability. Therefore, the stability was to fit with middle school integrated science theme, but the interaction was not. The theme-based integrated science units developed was implemented in middle school, and the results are follows. First, the science achievement of group of theme-based integrated science teaching is significantly higher than those of group of traditional teaching. Second, the scores of the test of attitude toward science learning of the group of theme-based integrated science teaching is significantly higher than those of group of traditional teaching. Third, the students' perception of theme-based integrated science teaching was positive. The students have participation, interest, motivation in theme-based integrated science teaching, and students have difficulty in learning theme-based integrated science teaching.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2009

Conger eel (Conger myriaster) is used as a well-being food in the foodservice industry in Korea. We analyzed not only the proximate composition but also the taste components affecting conger eel, which are fatty acids, nucleotides, amino acids, etc. Concerning the composition, the crude lipid was the lowest in summer at 3.2%, which is considered due to spawning period. The major fatty acids were $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{20:5},\;and\;C_{22:6}$. The $C_{18:1}$ content was the highest among the fatty acids and the content varied between 36.76 and 45.11% by season. Seasonal change in the content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids was increased from spring to winter in conger eel. Among the nucleotides, the contents of IMP (3.617$\sim$5.524 $\mu$mol/g) and Hx (0.913$\sim$2.238 $\mu$mol/g), which is closely related to taste, and the concentrations of IMP and Hx were the highest (7.219 $\mu$mol/g) in winter, and HxR (0.625$\sim$1.652 $\mu$mol/g) was higher than ATP (0.058$\sim$0.083 $\mu$mol/g), ADP (0.145$\sim$0.161 $\mu$mol/g), and AMP (0.166$\sim$0.179 $\mu$mol/g). In conger eels, the major total and free amino acids were glutamic acid (14,178.7$\sim$7,802.6 mg%), aspartic acid (4,669.2$\sim$8,259.0 mg%), lysine (4,198.3$\sim$7,540.8 mg%), leucine (3,843.6$\sim$6,782.1 mg%), and histidine (199.6$\sim$644.4 mg%), glycine (94.8$\sim$152.2 mg%), alanine (35.3$\sim$71.2 mg%), glutamic acid (44.1$\sim$70.6 mg%), respectively, but the concentration of amino acids was different by season. The content of free amino acids, which is related to the taste component, was detected as high in summer and winter at 1179.2 and 1,605.2 mg%, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.705-711
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• 2002

The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.395-415
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• 2001

In the Singok area, western part of Chungcheongnam-Do, two ultramafic ma~ses, Singok mass and Kaewol mass, occur as isolated lenticular bodies in the Precambrian Kyeonggi gneiss complex. The masses extend for several hundred meter to NNE direction, parallel to the main fault line of this area. The rocks are dunite and harzburgite, but partially and absolutely serpentinized. They dominantly show porphyroclastic and recrystallized textures with equigranular-mosaic and protogranular textures. In spite of differences among the alteration and metamorphism, the ultramafic masses are characterized by varying amounts of high fosteritic olivine ($Fo_{0.88-0.93}$), magnesian pyroxene ($En_{0.93-0.97}$), and tremolitic to tschermakitic hornblende with minor spinel, serpentine, chlorite, calcite, magnetite, phlogopite and talc. It is compared with adjacent gneiss complex containing amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, alkali-feldspar and quartz. Geochemically, these rocks show high magnesium number (Mg>90.38), and transitional element (Ni=595-2480, Cr==IOlO-4400, Co=36-120 ppm), low alkali element ($Na_{2}O$<0.3, $K_{2}O$<0.11, $Al_{2}O_3$<2.95 wt%) and depleted incompatible element contents, which is compared with adjacent rocks (Mg < 83.69, $Na_{2}O$=1.02-3.42 wt%, $K_{2}O$=O.67-5.65 wt%, $Al_{2}O_3$=9.15-16.86 wt%, Ni < 435 ppm, Cr < 1440 ppm, Co<59 ppm, enriched incompatible element contents). Overall characteristics of ultramafic rocks from the Singok and Kaewol masses are similar to the those of adjacent ultramafic bodies in Chungnam with worldwide orogenic related Alpine type ultramalic rocks. Calculated geothermometries suggest that the ultramafic rocks have experienced metamorphism in the condition ranging from the greenschist facies to granulite facies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2004

Effects of mushroom powder on physicochemical characteristics of dough and bread-making properties were studied. In mixogram test, addition of 2-10% mushroom powder increased water absorption from 67,0 to 79%. Peak time, peak height, band width, and seven minute height of mushroom-wheat flour composite were similar to those of control. Sedimentation and P.K. values decreased with increasing amount of mushroom powder In amylogram test, no significant difference was observed in gelatinization temperature between control and mushroom powder-added dough. Peak viscosity increased with increasing amount of mushroom powder, Highest loaf volume was attained when 2 and 4% mushroom powders were added, whereas decreased above 6%. Bread weight and L value of crust increased with increasing amount of mushroom powder whereas 'a' value decreased. As the amount of mushroom powder increased, L value of crumb color decreased. No significant difference in springiness and adhesiveness was observed between control and mushroom-wheat composite flour bread whereas chewiness and gumminess, increased with increasing amount of mushroom powder, Hardness generally increased as the amount of mushroom powder increased. Mushroom powder caused bread staling at both storage temperatures ($4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$). Although sensory value decreased with increasing mushroom powder, use of mushroom powder to replace up to 4% wheat flour is recommended in making bread.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.114-126
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find ways of the view evaluation of biotope classification before development by selecting an area, which is as large as about $10.0km^2$ around Non Gong Up, Auk Po Myun, Dalsung Gun, Daugu where the large project has been planned, as a subject of this study. The results of this study are as follows. Because of the classification of biotope, there are 23 kinds of types that are subdivided into 140 types. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. The first survey analyzed the importance of 22 selected assessment indicators based on the evaluation of an existing literature review and on the spot research. The second survey performed factor analysis and reclassified the value indicators. The third survey computed additive values of the selected assessment indicators. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal by 10. Theses additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators in order to make a final evaluation. The number of assessment indicators finally selected through the survey of asking specialist is vitality elements, visual obstructs elements etc 19. According to the result of evaluation of 1st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable is analyzed that 7 spaces, 2 grade spaces for 4, 3 grade spaces for 5, 4 grade space for 2, 5 grade space for 5. Because of the evaluation of 2st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable(1a, 1b) is analyzed that 15 spaces, 2 grade spaces which valuable is analyzed that 28 space. As the evaluation of site suitability model of this study couldn't have high applicability to other similar area because of having only one site as a subject, it is needed to do synthesize and standardization of various examples to have higher objectivity later.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and biochemical features as well as the molecular analysis of a newly diagnosed illustrative case with ML II and to analyze the clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II/III. Method: Including a newly diagnosed patient, total 11 patients in 10 families were diagnosed as ML II (n=7) or ML III (n=4) were enrolled in the study. A diagnosis of ML II or III was made by demonstrating increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma and sequence analysis of GNPTAB with characteristic clinical features. Result: A illustrative case of ML II patient was a 17 month-old boy showing characteristic facial appearance, multiple joint contractures with cardiac involvements. The enzyme assay showed increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma. We identified compound heterozygous mutations in GNPTAB sequence analysis, including a frameshift (c.3428dupA [pAsn1143Lysfs*3]) and a nonsense variant c.673C>T (p.Gln225*). In total 11 patients with ML II/III, the patients with ML II showed severe growth retardation (height standard deviation score -3.2 [${\pm}1.5$]), compare to patients with ML III. Furthermore, patients with ML II patients had serious cardiac problem (n=4), hepatomegaly (n=3) and underwent tracheostomy (n=3) with further respiratory support due to respiratory distress. To improve osteoporosis and bone pain, all patients with ML III and four of 7 patients with ML II treated with intravenous pamidronate. Conclusion: Here we showed a newly diagnosed case of ML II and clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II or III. These data could be helpful for further diagnosis of mucolipidosis, a rare inherited metabolic disease, in Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2001

Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. During the Daebo igneous activities (about 200-130 Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between 197 and 127 Ma. The Jurassic deposits commonly show several characteristics: prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/Au ratios in the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, Au-rich eIectrum. pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities (120-60 Ma), the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high AgiAu ratios in the ore concentrates, and abundance of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, Ag sulfides, native silver, Ag sulfosalts and Ag tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits were formed at the relatively high temperature (about 300 to 450$^{\circ}$C) and deep-crustal level (>3.0 kb) from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters (3180; 5-10 %0). It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as CO2 boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo/mesothermal environments. In contrast, mineralization of the Cretaceous Au-Ag type (108-71 Ma) and Agdominant type (98-71 Ma) occurred at relatively low temperature (about 200 to 350$^{\circ}$C) and shallow-crustal level «1.0 kb) from the ore-fonning fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters (15180; -10-5%0). These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complexities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epilmesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit type.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.133-146
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• 2001

We report the results of structural field observation and measurement of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of the diamictitic Hwanggangri Formation distributed in Chungju-Suanbo area of the Okchon Belt, Korea. The outcrops of the Hwanggangri Formation show two types of cleavage in general: slaty cleavage (SI) and crenulation cleavage (5z). 5] cleavage is, however, well observable only in the notheastem (NE) part of study area, while overwhelmed by 52 cleavage in the southwestern (5W) part, indicating stronger later deformation in 5W part of the study area. This partitioning of the study area is corroborated by both IRM and AMS parameters: NE part of the study area is characterized by higher IRM intensity, higher bulk magnetic susceptibility, higher AM5 degree, and by oblate shape of magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid. Their values become drastically lowered toward southwest, and reach to a stable minimum in the whole 5W part of the study area. In addition, degree of both metamorphism and deformation tends to increase gradually from northeast toward southwest and also from northwest toward southeast in the study area. Based on the distribution pattern of the principal axes ( $k_1, k_2, k_3$ axes) of magnetic anisotropy ellipsoids revealed in the NE part of the study area, three episodes of deformation ( $D_1, D_2, D_3$ ) are recognized: D_1$ deformation produced $S_2$ cleavage with NE-5W trend, which is caused by a strong NW-SE tlattening of a coaxial pure shear. $D_2$ deformation produced 5z cleavage characterized by a non-coaxial deformation. It was caused by a ductile or semi-ductile thrusting toward NW and concurrent sinistral shearing along $S_2$ cleavage plane. Lastly, $D_3$ deformation produced tlexural folding of all previous structures with a nearly horizontal NE fold axis. Distribution pattern of the principal axes of magnetic anisotropy ellipsoid from the SW part of the study area, on the other hand, does not show any coherency among sites or samples. We interpret that this dispersed pattern of $k_1, k_2, k_3$ axes together with lower anisotropy strength indicates that magnetic fabrics in the SW part have been disturbed either by a superposition of strong deformation/metamorphism or by a kind of reciprocal strain due to an overlapping of $D_1$ and $D_2$ or by both processes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.1 s.54
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of the soft and hard tissue changes after simultaneous maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 adult patients(13 males and 12 females) who had severe anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. These patients had received presurgical orthodontic treatment and surgical treatment which consisted of simultaneous Le Fort I or Le Fort II osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS/$PC^+$ program. The results were as follows. 1. The correlation of maxillary hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were high and the ratios for soft tissue to A point were $71\%$ at Sn, $67\%$ at SLS and $37\%$ at LS. 2. The correlation of mandibular hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were very high and the ratios were $84\%$ at LI, $107\%$ at ILS, $96\%$ at Pog' and $97\%$ at Gn'. 3. The correlation of mandibular hard tissue horizontal changes and soft tissue vertical changes were moderate. 4. The upper to lower lip length were increased(P<0.001). 5. The soft tissue thickness were decreased in upper lip and increased in lower lip(P<0.001). The postsurgical changes were reversely correlated with initial thickness in upper lip.