• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2023-2027
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• 2009

본 연구는 현재와 과거의 하도 지형자료 분석을 통하여 만경강에서 나타나는 폐천(Abandoned channel)을 파악하고, 유형을 폐쇄형, 개방형, 육화형 폐천으로 구분하여 각각의 본류구간과 함께 식물상 및 식생분포 특성을 비교하였다. 만경강의 경우 1918년 하도 형태가 경지정리 및 치수사업에 따른 제방축조 등 인위적인 절단(Engineered cutoff)으로 8개소 이상의 구간에서 하도 선형이 크게 변경됨으로써 폐천이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 폐천부지는 육화형태의 농지 이용 및 개방형 또는 폐쇄형의 습지로 유지되는 것으로 조사되었다. 폐천 유형에 따라 나타난 식물상은 폐쇄형 56종류, 개방형 31종류로 조사되었다. 육화형의 본류의 경우 보에 의한 영향으로 달뿌리풀 (Phragmites japonica)과 저수로 검정말(Hydrilla verticillata) 등의 수생식물이 우점하는 정체수역이 나타났다. 개방형 폐천은 갈수기에도 수심이 깊은 수역이 확보되어 본류에 비하여 출현종수가 높았다. 폐쇄형 폐천은 연꽃(Nelumbo nucifera), 애기부들(Typha angustifolia) 등의 다양한 수생식물이 출현하여 본류에 비해 안정된 습지 생태계를 유지하였다. 만경강의 개방형과 폐쇄형 폐천은 수생식물의 증가와 전형적인 습지생태계를 유지하고 있었으며 본류의 정체수역이 관찰되었다. 본래 하천의 연속성을 향상하기 위한 유수생태계의 복원은 하천의 건강성을 향상하기 위한 방안이 될 것이다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2009

With recent advancement of high-speed, multi-gigabit data transmission capabilities, transmitters usually send data without clock signals for reduction of hardware complexity, power consumption, and cost. Therefore clock and data recovery circuits(CDR) become important to recover the clock and data signals and have been widely studied. This paper presents the design of 10Gbps CDR in 0.18$\mu$m CMOS process. A quarter-rate bang-bang phase detector is designed to reduce the power and circuit complexity, and a 4-stage LC-type VCO is used to improve the jitter characteristics. Simulation results show that the designed CDR consumes 80mW from a 1.8V supply, and exhibits a peak-to-peak jitter of 2.2ps in the recovered clock. The chip layout area excluding pads is 1.26mm$\times$1.05mm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.212-216
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• 2011

현재 하천 건천화에 따른 수생태계 교란 및 수질악화 등의 근본적인 문제가 발생하고 있으며, 최근 정부의 저탄소 녹색성장기조에 따라 조성되고 있는 신도시, 소규모 및 대규모 택지개발사업의 경우는 환경 친화적인 단지조성 요구에 부응하기 위해 기존 도심하천의 복원 및 인공하천의 녹색성장을 고려한 친환경적 생태하천으로 조성하고자 하는 다양한 노력이 시도되고 있으나 안정적인 생태복원의 수원확보 방안을 마련하지 못해 실제 설계가 반영되지 못하고 있다. 또한, 조성하고자 하는 소하천 혹은 실개울 등의 수질보전 및 생태계 보호 등 하천이 본래의 기능을 유지할 수 있도록 생태하천유량을 확보하는 다양한 기술들이 개발되어 있지만, 공사 유형과 주변 환경에 적합한 생태하천유량 확보 방안을 선정할 수 있는 비구조적 대책마련이 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 실정과 문제점을 고려해 볼 때, 조성하고자 하는 도시 내 자연하천 및 인공하천 조성 등 수변환경을 고려한 단지조성에 맞는 생태하천유량 확보 방안 및 평가에 대한 연구가 단계적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생태하천유량 확보와 하천수질 개선이 필요한 특정 지역 또는 다양한 유형의 공사 지구 내 하천이 정상적인 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 적용 가능한 생태하천유량 확보 방안들과 수리해석 모델인 HEC-RAS(River Analysis System), 생태하천유량 산정 모델인 PHABSIM(Physical HABitat SIMulation)을 연계한 물리서식처 평가 모듈을 개발하고, 이를 기초로 가중치부여매트릭스 평가(국토해양부, 2006) 기법을 적용한 최적의 생태하천유량 확보 방안과 수질개선 방안을 제시해 줄 수 있는 의사결정지원 시스템을 구축 하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 개발된 최적의 생태하천유량 확보 방안 도출을 위한 의사결정지원 시스템의 활용으로 필요유량은 물론, 기준을 만족하는 수질의 확보가 절실히 요구되는 중 소규모 하천에 실질적으로 적정수질의 생태하천유량을 확보함으로서 하천으로서의 역할을 위한 본 기능의 회복과 동시에 소하천, 도심하천 및 인공하천 등 중 소규모 수계의 수문순환을 정상화하여 하천의 지속 가능한 개발과 관리가 효율적으로 이루어지도록 하는데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 예상되어진다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

This study focus on the suggestion of standard legend, the process system on making method of deterioration map, the development of crack index (CI), and the evaluation techniques of surface and 3D deterioration rate for stone cultural heritage. The standard legends of deterioration forms were made using a common graphic program after crack, blistering, scaling, break-out, granular disintegration, and perforation were subdivided. The deterioration map improved accuracy and reliability on deterioration range using 3D digital restoration and high resolution photograph mapping technique. Also, quantitative deterioration evaluation of stone cultural heritage was carried out developing the crack index, and the 3D deterioration rate of a break-out part was calculated by virtual restoration modeling. As a quantitative deterioration evaluation of Magoksa Temple stone pagoda based on the results described above, the north face showed high deterioration rate of bursting crack (1.70), hair crack (1.34), scaling (20.2%) and break out (13.0%), and the 3D deterioration rate of first roof stone was 6.7%.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2022

The cadastral boundary points which cadastral surveyor presented on the ground by conducting cadastral surveying represents the limits of land ownership and give binding force and determination power. However the land disputes have increased these days mainly due to cadastral registration errors, surveying errors and land owners recognition error. In these cases, the cadastral survey interests try to find solution by either a administrative procedures by appealing civil complaint or border determination litigation through court. The neighboring residents and related organization have difficulties in resolving the civil complaints. In this study cadastral surveying and cadastral boundary determination process has been reviewed and the results of cadastral surveying screening by Central Cadastre Committee from 2016 to 2021 have been classified. The outcomes of this research will be used for cadastral surveying and contribute for reducing land disputes and improve reliablity of cadastral surveying.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2020

전 지구적으로 생물다양성의 지속적인 감소 추세에 따른 생물자원의 중요성이 증가하는 시점에서, 식물 유전자원의 종 다양성 보존과 지속가능한 이용을 위한 체계적이고 현실적인 방안 마련이 절실한 실정이다. 국내에서도 2017년에 유전자원 접근 및 이익 공유에 대한 나고야 의정서가 발효됨에 따라 식물유래 BT산업 소재의 국내 자급이 불가피해진 상황이며, 더불어 국토의 생태복원에 적합한 식물 소재 개발의 중요성이 대두되면서 자생식물의 종자 수급기반 대책은 국가적 차원에서 중대한 과제라 할 수 있다. 우리나라는 면적 대비 높은 식물 종 다양성을 보이며, 이는 종자의 휴면유형 또한 다양하고 복잡할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 식물유전자원으로써의 보존 및 국가 경제적 이익을 위한 종자 활용, 산업화를 위해서는 종자의 생리적 특성에 기반 한 데이터베이스의 축적과 효과적인 활용을 위한 종자 휴면유형 분류 및 적정 휴면타파 조건을 확립할 필요가 있다. 현재까지 다양한 식물종에서 종자 휴면의 하위 카테고리가 계속적으로 세부 분류되고 있으나, 아직까지 밝혀지지 않은 세부 휴면유형에 의해 많은 유용 식물자원의 활용이 제한적이다. 종자의 휴면유형은 크게 외생휴면(Exogenous dormancy)과 내생휴면(Endogenous dormancy)으로 분류되며, 국내에서는 내생휴면에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 한편 외생휴면은 물리적 휴면(Physical dormancy), 기계적 휴면(Mechanical dormancy) 및 화학적 휴면(Chemical dormancy)으로 세부 분류되며, 기계적 휴면과 화학적 휴면은 내생휴면인 생리적 휴면(Physiological dormancy)에 포함되어야 한다는 의견도 있다. 물리적 휴면 종자에서는 water-gap 복합체의 존재 등에서 원인을 찾을 수 있으나, 발아억제 호르몬에 기인하는 화학적 휴면 및 종(과)피 또는 배유에 의한 기계적 휴면은 배의 성장잠재력과 발달에 의해 타파될 수 있다. 이와 같이 실제로 많은 식물 종에서 다양하게 존재하는 외생휴면 유형에 대해 내생휴면과는 명확히 다른 방식으로 접근되어야 하므로, 다년간의 체계적 연구를 통해 미흡한 종자생리 연구 분야를 보완하고 자생식물의 종자 활용도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2021

This study was conducted to establish practical goals for the viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system of cultural heritage and to create an viewing environment according to the classification of cultural heritage types, and the conclusions reached are as follows. First, five goals were set based on the international basic principles of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Second, based on the set goals, cultural heritage was classified into the first type 'disappeared and hidden heritage', the second type 'stuffed memory heritage', and the third type 'living memory heritage'. Third, the directions for creating the viewing environment for each type of cultural heritage were suggested. The first type has to be able to properly convey cultural heritage to visitors through excavation and digital technology. The second type needs a plan to deliver tangible and intangible values by combining various digital technologies with actual cultural heritage. The third type should emphasize the role of local residents in effectively enjoying the tangible and intangible values ??that already exist. Fourth, it proposed comprehensive considerations in the establishment of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Based on dynamic and sustainable heritage management, cultural heritage viewing should be valuable, satisfying and enjoyable. In addition, local communities should be actively involved, and tourism and conservation activities should be able to benefit the community. Establishment of a viewing environment should protect and strengthen the authenticity of cultural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.202-223
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• 2020

This purpose of this article is to identify the original form of the gilt-bronze ornamental pieces unearthed from the east part of the third wooden coffin in the Naju Bogam-ri Jeongchon (NBJ) tombs. The gilt-bronze ornamental pieces were all small, measuring less than 3cm in size and about 0.2cm in thickness, and only 19 or more small pieces were identified. In each piece of gilt decoration, a circular perforation, convex pattern, leaf-shaped spangle (瓔珞), 2 small holes for attaching spangles and gilt-bronze thread, 2 small holes for unknown purposes, and a continuous dot pattern of about 0.05 cm can be observed. As a result, it was judged that the gilt-bronze pieces excavated from the NBJ No. 1 chamber were part of the Headband Crown. Therefore, type 1 and type 3 of the gilt-bronze pieces were determined to be part of the Headband, and type 2 to be part of the Vertical Ornaments. Based on previous results, two types of restoration were proposed for NBJ No. 1 tomb gilt-bronze ornaments. In the first restoration proposal, there are wave-shaped dot patterns on the top and bottom of the crown, and the middle decoration is a spangle, circular perforation and spangle and a convex-pattern. In the second restoration plan, one row of convex patterns was added among the decorations in the middle of the first. The same type of vertical ornament was found in the Sochang (小倉) collection crown, but the overall structure and shape of the crown were completely different. On the other hand, the use of small holes of unknown use, as seen in the crown, was presumed to represent holes for fixing to a cap of organic matter. The restored NBJ No. 1 tomb gilt-bronze crown is characterized by circular punching, which makes it difficult to find an analogy in the other Three Kingdoms-period crowns. Unlike the existing halls in Gaya, Mahan, and Baekje, each district has a unique shape and decoration. The gilt-bronze crown excavated from NBJ No. 1 tomb is thought to reflect these characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.324-336
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• 2004

This study was achieved to present ecological administration plan by analyzing vegetation structure and condition rating class(environmental damage degree) of Sangnim Woods Natural Monument in Hamyang-gun, Korea. In vegetation structure part, actual vegetation was classified by 22 patterns and Quercus serrata Carpinus tschonoskii community(31.8％), Quercus serrata community(14.6％) ranged extensively. Main plant community was 8 types, and is fractionated by 13 plant communities according to stratigraphy development degree it is Quercus serrata community, Quercus serrata Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus aliena community, Quercus acutissima community, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Carpinus tschonoskii Quercus serrata community, Zelkova serrata-Quercus serrata community, and Planted area with korean landscape woody plants. Age of old growth trees that diameter of breast height over 38cm was 61∼77years. In condition rating class, area of class 3 was 51,960$m^2$(32.8％), area of class 4 was 6,583$m^2$(3.5％), and area of class 5 was 4,086$m^2$(2.6％) and gross area of class 3∼6 need artificial restoration was 61,619$m^2$(38.9％). Considering actual vegetation, plant community structure, and condition rating class biotope was classified by total 14 types. While distribution area of Queens spp. old growth forest of shrub damaged(51,246$m^2$, 32.4％) and deciduous broad leaved old growth forest of simple-layer structure(19,906$m^2$, 12.6％) is large and that of deciduous broad-leaved old growth forest of multi-layer structure(2,085$m^2$, 1.3％) and Queens spp. old growth forest of multi-layer structure may have to manage with user control by administration plan for stabilization of Sangnim Woods ecosystem for long-term. Also, both vegetation of shrub damaged and simple-layer structure as negative restoration area should be restored for ecological succession and both grassland and planted area with korean woody plants as positive restoration area should be revegetated by using ecological planting model of native vegetation structure in Sangnim Woods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.369-381
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• 2004

This study was achieved to present the way to restore the Seonheulgot pasture-grassland damaged by landuse and interference for a long time to evergreen broad-leaved forests as the native vegetation structure. As a result of analyzing ecological succession tendency of structure in survey area, we established the optimal restoration model. The total of survey sites were 26, and the classified plant community types were four types by M.I.P of dominant woody species. Finally we classified the four types based on diameter of dominant woody species in canopy layer. The six community types are as follows: Community I was runner-shrub forest, community II was evergreen broad-leaved shrub forest, and community III was evergreen broad-leaved forest of small diameter. Community IV and V were evergreen broad-leaved forest of middle diameter. Community Ⅵ was evergreen broad-leaved forest of large diameter. The number of constituent species was 24 in community I, 28 in community II as the shrub forest, 16 as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of small diameter, 29 in community III, 30 in community IV as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of middle diameter and 27 in community Ⅵ as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of large diameter. The range of Shannon's index of all communitys was from 0.8763 to 1.2630 and the Similarity index between the community composed of middle diameter woody species and large diameter woody species. The ecological succession of community I, II, and III were changed from pasture-grassland to broad-leaved forest and the structure of community IV, V, and Ⅵ was similar to evergreen broad-leaved forest in warm temperate region. We suggest the restoration planting model evergreen broad-leaved forest of in Seonheulgot pasture-grassland, as follows: The target restoration vegetation were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii community and Queycus glauca community. Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Quercus glauca should be dominant woody species in canopy layer, the number of trees was 10 per 100$m^2$, and Castanopsis cuspidata var, sievoldii, Quercus glauca, Camellia japonica, and Eurya japonica should be dominant woody species in the understory layer, the number of trees was 14 per 100$m^2$.