• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Although the National Health Insurance, many people sign up for private health insurance to alleviate their financial burden. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between private health insurance and subjective financial burden about cost sharing. To confirm the effect we conducted the binary logistic regression by utilizing the Health Care Policy related to public survey. The private health insurance have a significantly association with the subjective financial burden about cost sharing. People who uninsured to purchase private health insurance were more likely to have the burden. Therefore, given the low participation rate of private medical insurance for high age and low income group, we suggest the need for redefining the role of private insurance to enhance the function and resolve equity issues to prepare for the burden.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.403-415
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• 1997

이 논문은 지난 10년간(1986-1995)의 영국의 사건강보험(private health insurance) 시장의 전반적 추이를 관찰, 국민 의료 써비스(National Health Service)와의 관계 및 역할 변화를 고찰한 것이다. 가장 대표적인 PMI(private medical Insurance)와 PHI(permanent health Insurance), LTCI(long term care insurance)를 집중 연구하였으나 지면관계상 PMI를 중점적으로 다루고 PHI나 LTCI는 간략히 소개하였으며 관련도표는 모두 생략하였다. 영국의 사건강보험 시장은 1990년대 초의 정체기를 거친후 이제 서서히 가시적인 성장을 보이고 있다. 많은 영국 국민들은 정부가 기본적인 복지혜택 외에는 더 이상의 치료와 미래 간호를 보장할 수 없다는 사실을 이해하고 있으나 아직 대부분은 어떤 형태로든 NHS 외의 보호장치를 가지고 있지 못하다. 따라서 영국민의 사건강보험에 대한 관심은 점차 고조되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 사건강보험 시장의 성장은 몇가지 중요한 요소에 좌우된다 첫째, NHS의 capacity이다. 달리 말하면, NHS에 대한 정부의 각종 정책과 태도는 시장에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 경제성장은 상당히 결정적인 요소이다. 1990년대 초의 침체에서 이미 보았듯이 경기후퇴와 그와 동반된 높은 실업은 사적 의료써비스의 구매력을 감소시킨다. 셋째, 시장을 극대하려는 보험회사의 노력 또한 배놓을 수 없는 중요한 요소이다. 새로운 구매자를 위해서 또 시장에서의 치열한 경쟁에서 살아 남기 위해서 보험회사들은 폭넓은 범위의 상품을 개발하고 노동자들을 위한 값이 저렴한 상품들을 소개시켜 왔다. 비록 이런 종류의 저렴한 상품들은 커버하는 범위가 불충분하지만 총 인구의 보험 가입을 증가시킨다. 현 상황에서 PMI는 NHS에 대한 대안이 되지 못하고 단지 부분적 대용책일 뿐이다. 또한 시장을 극대시키려는 정부의 노력에도 불구하고 극소수의 사람들만이 PHI에 커버되고 있다. LTCI는 너무 비싸 지극히 부자들만이 구매할 수 있을 뿐, 평균임금 또는 그 이하의 사람들은 보험료를 감당할 수 없다. 한편. 영국의 사건강보험 시장에 대한 전망 또한 복합적이다. 즉 PMI 부문은 서서히 성장, PHI 부문은 계속적으로 꾸준히 증가, LTCI 부문은 제한적이기는 하나 발전하리라 보는 것이다. 따라서 미래시장을 예견하는 것은 그리 쉽지 아니하다. 결론적으로 영국국민은 질병, 또는 치료가 필요한 경우 전적으로 NHS에 의존하고 있으며 현재의 사건강보험은 다양한 질병위험에 대한 보호를 제공하기보다는 단순히 부가적인 혜택에 지나지 않을 뿐이다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

This study investigates the association between financial reporting strategy and the directors' and officers' liability insurance. Since D&O insurance protects officers and directors against the risks of shareholder litigation, it is possible that, because of moral hazard, managers will be more willing to participate in opportunistic financial reporting such as earnings manipulation when they are covered by a generous D&O insurance policy. This paper examines the association between D&O insurance and financial reporting, specifically whether the purchase of D&O insurance affects earnings manipulation. On the other side, the firms engage earnings management are willing to purchase D&O insurance, this study tests whether earnings manipulation affects D&O purchases using listed firms in Korean stock market from 2006 to 2008. This paper finds that firms with higher discretionary accruals are less likely to purchase D&O insurance implies that managers who are participating in earnings manipulation are not willing to purchase D&O insurance. The relation between discretionary accruals and D&O is significantly negative which indicate D&O insurance purchase does not trigger earnings manipulation rather it alleviates opportunistic reporting behavior.

• The Safety technology
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• no.46
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• pp.8-13
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• 2001

미국의 사회복지보험학회(National Acadamy of Social Insurance)에서 임금대비 근로자의 재해보상비를 비교 발표한 보고서 내용으로, 근로자의 재해보상비와 산업재해의 동향 관계가 어떠한가에 대해 알 수 있는 부분이므로 이 번호에 소개한다.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.12
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• pp.50-55
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• 1993

After a short historical resume, screening is discussed on the basis of the current philosophy of Life insurance compaines in leading countries. This is followed by considerations with regard to the future in areas of major bearing on Life insurance screening which have emerged as important within the last decade. HIV-antibody testing is dealt with from the screening point of view followed by aspects regarding the applicability of tumour marker use in Life insurance medicine. Last but not least genetic testing will be addressed, taking into account prospects for the future, as well as the resulting responsibility in medical and underwriting terms. The major considerations and suggested guidelines can be summarized as follows: 1) Screening in Life insurance is a prerequisite for underwriting and is a well-functioning selection instrument. 2) Screening technologies are medically well defined and have to follow general clinical rules, also in the future. 3) Screening parameters should follow the patterns of diseases according to age and risk groups. 4) Screening parameters for prognostic use are legitimate as long as they are considered in conjuction with clinical medical observations and rules. 5) Screening technologies of a sensitive nature require very special rules for handling in the sense of "consequential ethies". 6) Screening parameters like HIV-antibody testing require ongoing scientific feedback in their new testing dimensions. 7) Screening in the form of genetic testing is as yet not used in Life insurance; its potential future role in Life insurfance medicine must, however, be discussed responsibly and in time. 8) Screening enables the insurance industry to rule out possible antiselection and provide for equal knowledge on the part of the insurance applicant and the insurer about impairements which shorten life expectancy. 9) Screening, informed consent, counselling and confidentiality must go hand in hand both now and to an even greater extent in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.76-89
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting a grade maintenance of long-term care service users. Using 2008-2014 long-term care raw data of National Health Insurance Service(NHIS), the predictors were examined through the logistic regression by long-term care beneficiaries of grade. The results showed that there are differences by 3 factor groups and grade groups(1-3 grade). In socio-demographic factors, in the 1, 3 grade, Individuals 64 or younger presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than those 85 and over. In the 3 grade, people of living alone, resident of rural area presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. In disease factors, In the 1 grade, people with dementia presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than other 2, 3grades. In the 2 grade, people with stroke, fracture presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. In the 3 grade, people with cancer presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. In service factors, In the 2, 3grade, people having more renewal numbers presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. In the 1 grade, people who use facility benefits for more days presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. In the 2 grade, people who use in-home benefits for more days presented a much higher probabilities of the grade maintenance than others. Based on the finding of study, implications and future research directions were discussed for policy considerations.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-64
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate unmet healthcare needs due to economic or non-economic difficulties among the elderly aged 65 or older. Using Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) data from 2018, the elderly are classified into one of four groups (health insurance subscribers, non-take-up, lower income relief, and medical aid recipients) based on their level of medical vulnerability. For hospital or dental care, the prevalence rates of unmet healthcare needs due to economic and non-economic difficulties are 12.6% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence rate of unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulty in the medically vulnerable group was much higher than that of the non-vulnerable group-that is, health insurance subscribers. After controlling for other influential factors, medical vulnerability has a great impact on the prevalence rates of unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulties. Compared to health insurance subscribers, the non-take-up, the lower relief, and the medical aid recipients are 1.4 times, 3.3 times, and 2.4 times more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulty, respectively. The results of this study can provide important policy implications for securing essential healthcare resources for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2000

지난 10년간의 재해발새 현황을 분석해 보면 규모별로는 300인 미만 중·소규모 사업장에서 전체 재해자의 약 85%가 발생하였으며 특히 전체재해의 약 60% 정도가 50인미만의 소규모 사업장에서 발생하였다. 최근 국내의 가장 큰 경제위기 상황인 IMF 경제위기 이후 안전보건관리 기반이 취약해진 상황에서 최근의 경기회복으로 산업 가동률과 실질 근로 시간이 증가함으로써 산업재해 발생위험이 높아지고 있어 향후 1∼2년 간은 재해가 증가할 가능성이 크다. 그리고 현재 근로자 5인 이상 사업장에 대해서만 산업재해보상보헙법이 의무가입으로 되어있으나, 2000년 7월부터 5인 미만의 영세사업장에 대해서도 산재보험이 확대적용 됨으로써 산업안전보건 행정대상이 지금보다 사업장수는 10배, 근로자수는 50%이상 확대될 전망이다. 산재보험서비스가 5인 미만 사업장까지 확대되고 산업구조의 변화로 중·소규모 사업장 수가 증가될 것으로 전망되나, 중·소규모 사업장은 안전보건관리 능력이 부족해 재해자가 계속 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으므로 산업재해 감소추세의 유지라는 전략목표의 달성 여부는 중소규모 사업장에 대한 안전보건관리에 달려 있다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are estimating willingness to pay (WTP) of forest owners for the disaster insurance premium for forest products in Korea and investigating factors affecting their WTP. The result with contingent valuation method shows that forest owners' median WTP is $9,440\;KRW/ha{\cdot}yr$. Advanced forest managers including devoted forest managers and forestry successors are willing to pay more for insurance premium compared to non-advanced ones, and those who have experienced disaster in their own forest land have higher WTP than others. WTP of advanced forest managers appears to be 50% higher than that of non-advanced. These results imply that policy makers should consider advanced forest managers as a priority to introduce the insurance system.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-105
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• 2004

Given the limitations of UI benefit and self-insurance through precautionary savings, this paper suggests a new scheme of income support for the unemployed, which offers unemployed workers not only UI benefit but also borrowings from their future pension incomes. Allowing individuals to have effective self-insurance through pension- borrowing, this scheme provides them with consumption-smoothing and reduction in risk burden while maintaining search incentives of the unemployed. Simulation study based upon household panel data in Korea suggests that a heavy reliance should be set upon self-insurance through pension-borrowings rather than upon UI benefit, even for the low-income individuals who are subsidized under UI system. This result provides us with insightful implications for a social safety net in (fast-growing) developing countries, where people cannot afford a good amount of UI benefit or of precautionary savings against unemployment although they expect their incomes to be much higher in the future. Indeed, it is consumption-smoothing effect of self-insurance through pension- borrowings, as well as its incentive-maintaining effect, that makes it a promising alternative of social safety net in developing countries.