• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.62-70
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• 2016

Ensuring walkability in a city where pedestrians and vehicles coexist is an issue of critical importance. The relative relationship between vehicle transit and walkability improvements complicates the evaluation of walkability, which thus necessitates the formation of a quantitative standard by which a methodological measurement of walkability can be achieved inside the pedestrian network. Therefore, a model is determined whereby quantitative indices such as, but not limited to, experiences of accessibility, mobility, and convenience within the network are estimated. This research proposes the integration of space syntax theory and the logit path choice model in the evaluation of walkability. Space syntax theory assesses adequacy of the constructed pedestrian network through calculation of the link integration value, while the logit model estimates its safety, mobility, and accessibility using probability. The advantage of the integrated model hence lies in its ability to sufficiently reflect such evaluation measures as the integration value, mobility convenience, accessibility potential, and safety experienced by the demand in a quantitative manner through probability computation. In this research, the Dial Algorithm is used to arrive at a solution to the logit model. This process requires that the physical distance of the pedestrian network and the perceptive distance of space syntax theory be made equivalent. In this, the research makes use of network expansion to reflect wait times. The evaluation index calculated through the integrated model is reviewed and using the results of this sample network, the applicability of the model is assessed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2016

The core strategy of transit oriented development (TOD) is to promote high density mixed land use around railway stations. Case studies in advanced countries show that provision of policies for comprehensive maintenance of pedestrian facilities around railway station spheres is being pursued with efficacy. In spite of the importance placed on integrated pedestrian maintenance, domestic construction of integrated pedestrian infrastructure around railway station spheres lacks direction. Thus, there is a clear need for an evaluation standard that can provide the foundation for judgments on TOD improvement. This research proposes a network model that consolidates the interior of the station as well as its surrounding areas to determine the ease of pedestrian flow for effective TOD evaluation. The model considers the railway station and surrounding areas as an assembled network of pedestrian flow. The path chosen by the pedestrian is defined as the optimal degree of inconvenience, and expands on Wardrop's User Equilibrium (1952). To assess the various circumstances that arise on pedestrian facilities including congestion of the pedestrian pathway, constrained elevator capacity, and wait at the crosswalk, a variational inequality based pedestrian equilibrium distribution model is introduced.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.37-49
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• 2015

In Space Syntax, the greater the degree of integration between separate links, the greater the links' accessibility from the target network. As such, planning pedestrian walks so that links with high degrees of integration are connected, or else inducing high integration value land use are both valid options. The travel distribution model reflects how walking demand, or more specifically, the pedestrian, partakes in route choosing behavior that minimizes select criteria, notably level of discomfort, as measured using travel distance and time. The model thus demonstrates travel patterns associated with demand pertaining to minimization of discomfort experienced by the pedestrian. This research introduces a method that integrates Space Syntax and the pedestrian travel distribution model. The integrated model will determine whether regions with high degrees of integration are actually being used as pivots for pedestrian demand movement, as well as to explain whether the degree of integration is sustained at an appropriate level while considering actual movement demand. As a means to develop the integrated model, a method that combines display of the visibility of the space syntax network and road-divided links is proposed. The pedestrian travel distribution model also includes an alternative path finding mechanism between origin and destination, which allows for uniform allocation of demand.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.71-79
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• 2016

Evaluation of the walkability of the urban pedestrian network requires construction of a pedestrian network model that reflects Space Syntax Theory. Space Syntax Theory deduces an integration value through which materials for evaluation of the pedestrian network's connectivity can be produced; and can aid in illustrating the ease of walkability through the model's calculation of pedestrian indices such as movability, comfort, and safety. But the representation of space syntax theory in the pedestrian network requires that turn delay be added by means of a network-type construction method. While tree-based Dial Algorithm proposed for the logit-based probability walkability distribution model may be effective for link-based pedestrian volume distribution, it requires further network expansion to reflect turn delays. In this research, Vine-based Dial Algorithm is executed in order to obtain a measure reflecting the integration value for Space Syntax Theory. The Vine-based Dial Algorithm of two adjacent links, which forms the minimum unit of the Vine network, has the advantage of encompassing turn delay, and thus eliminates the need for network expansion. Usage of the model to evaluation of complicated pedestrian spheres such as urban roads is left to further research. Especially the progression of the proposed method is deduced through case study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2009

This paper presents an evaluation index for the supply levels of pedestrian facilities in residential area planning. The pedestrian facility supply levels reveal the quality of a residential area, and can be associated with the resident living standards and satisfaction, pedestrian safety levels, and the effectiveness of the construction cost. This research conducted multifaceted procedures for the index development, and these procedures start first by identifying dominant influencing factors on pedestrian travel demand by reviewing the final reports of site planning in more than eight already-completed residential development sites. Second, based on the Space Syntax model, which was initially developed in the UK by establishing statistical relationships among an integration index, population size (persons/day), and the total development area, this research formulated a set of pedestrian demand estimation models. Then these models were utilized in forming a pedestrian facility supply index by integrating the new models and their results with the available accepted practice in the residential planning sector. This was necessary because planners want to understand the total supply level of pedestrian facilities in a residential area during the initial design stage. Finally, to test the model validity in satisfying pedestrian satisfaction, the research included a resident satisfaction interview, and it was revealed that the evaluation index developed in this research could provide planners and engineers with more promising results. It is therefore anticipated that this research can be of service when designing pedestrian facilities in future residential area planning and design activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1307-1311
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• 2007

유역의 자연 유출량이 줄어드는 갈수기 동안 낙동강 본류의 수질은 상류지역의 댐 방류량에 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 수질이 취약한 중 하류부지역의 수량과 수질을 종합적으로 고려한 낙동강 수계의 물 관리를 위해서는 댐 방류량과 하류 수질의 정량적인 관계에 근거한 다목적댐군의 연계운영이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 정상상태 하천수질모델을 이용하여 낙동강수계 다목적댐군의 방류량과 하류 하천의 수질 관계를 정량적으로 분석하고, 갈수기 동안 낙동강 수질개선을 위해 필요한 적정 댐 용수공급 시나리오를 제시하는데 있다. 낙동강수계 댐 군의 하류 하천 수질을 고려한 저수지운영 계획 수립을 지원하기 위하여 1차원 정상상태 수질예측모델인 QUAL2E를 구축하고 실측 유량과 수질자료를 이용하여 모델을 보정하고 검증하였다. 검증된 모델은 낙동강수계 상류에 위치한 안동댐, 임하댐, 그리고 중 하류 지류에 위치한 합천댐과 남강댐의 용수공급 시나리오별 하천 수질개선 효과를 분석하는데 적용하였다. 연구결과 낙동강 수질이 악화되는 갈수기 동안 중 하류부에 위치한 상수원의 수질을 개선하기 위해서는 합천댐과 남강댐에서보다는 상류에 위치한 안동댐과 임하댐에서 용수를 추가 공급하는 것이 더욱 효과적인 것으로 평가되었다. 댐 방류량 증감에 따라 수질영향을 가장 크게 받는 하천구간은 수질오염도가 가장 크게 나타나는 금호강합류점${\sim}$고령교구간인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 낙동강과 같이 수량이 부족한 하천은 오염부하량 삭감 대책과 함께 갈수기 유량조절이 매우 중요한 요소임을 보여주며, 주기적인 수질악화를 겪는 낙동강 중 하류 지역의 수질개선을 위한 상류 다목적댐군의 연계운영 계획 수립에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.치모의 결과와 현장에서 관측한 유속장을 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 제시한 실제 탁수배제능력을 검증하였다.를 구축하였다는데 의의가 있다.로와 접하는 건물의 경우 모서리부 광고 효과가 지배적이며 대부분 곡선돌출형이 사용되고 있었다. 그러므로 모서리 저층부를 필로티로 계획하여 보행흐름을 원활하게 하고 대신 입면을 투명하게 하여 간접광고(내부전시) 효과를 유도하는 것이 좋다. 특히 원형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이