• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

The purpose of in this paper is to estimate the capacity and to suggest the level of service for pedestrian walkway. To estimate the pedestrian walkway capacity, Pedestrian density and speed were collected at the walkways in the subway station and the sidewalks. The simple linear repression of pedestrian density and speed models were developed for the relationships between the pedestrian flow rate and the pedestrian speed. The analysis results are as follow : First. the ranges of capacity for walkway were found minimum 106p/m/m and maximum 126p/m/m. The capacity of walkway was suggested to 106p/m/m for 2001 KHCM. Second, it found that the range of the critical speeds were between 40m/minute and 43m/minute and the range of the critical densities were between 2.65 p/$m^2$ and 2.85 p/$m^2$. Third, the range of level of service are similar to that of the 2,000 US HCM. This study suggests that occupancy, density and speed at Los E use 0.38$m^2$/p, 2.6 p/$m^2$ and 40m/minute respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.735-740
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• 2008

The Design manual for adjusting the capacity and LOS of facilities has been shared in urban railways and high-speed railway stations. However, the pattern of urban railways users and those of high-speed railway users are different from each other. For an example, the high-speed railway users tend to carry voluminous luggages and the transportation disadvantaged such as children and the elderlies. Accordingly, we see that the scale of facilities and the station itself should be constructed differently. The transfer facilities in the high-speed railway stations are classified widely into walking assisting facilities and convenient facilities. We invented the concept of PME (Pedestrian Moving Equivalent) and PWE (Pedestrian Waiting Equivalent)for the spatial calculation of those who are with wheeled luggages, back packs, and children to reflect the uniqueness of users in high-speed railway stations. These equivalents have been applied to the design of the facilities to asses the new Capacity and LOS that are users' favored.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

Although walking is an important transport mode which should be promoted, realistic studies about walking is not sufficient. Especially, due to the transportation planning oriented toward automobile, there is not realistic analysis method for walking in the Highway Capacity Manual. Therefore, in this study the fuzzy approximate reasoning was employed to build a model for the analysis of walkways service level. For the input variable the noise level and brightness as well as the pedestrian flow rate were employed and the output variable was the walking satisfaction degree. The fuzzy models were constructed for daytime and nighttime separately. The forecastability analysis for the models were conducted using $R^2$, MAE and MSE. The values of them for the daytime model are 0.802, 0.729 and 0.735 respectively and the values for nighttime are 0.893, 0.878 and 0.860 respectively, so it can be said that the models explain the real situation well. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the noise level has stronger effects to walking satisfaction then the brightness in night.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

Currently, level of service(LOS) analysis methods for pedestrian sidewalks are provided in Korean Highway Capacity Manual(KHCM, 2013). However, conventional methods provided in the KHCM produce most of pedestrian sidewalks' LOS as level A, indicating that existing analysis methods are unable to reflect realistic pedestrian sidewalks' LOS. The objectives of this research are to identify the suitability of current LOS criteria and to propose improved LOS evaluation criteria and methods with pedestrian volume data carried out for 10,000 sites in 2009. This research proposes new criteria by using the qualitative definition of LOS proposed by Fruin and Hall, new standard Korean human scale and new criteria of pedestrian occupancy space. Application results of new criteria show that more realistic results can be achieved than the existing methods. It is expected that applying the newly developed criteria and methods can make planning, design and construction of pedestrian sidewalks more realistic and various.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.217-225
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• 2011

Currently our country has very serious problems of traffic congestion and urban environment due to increasing automobile ownership. Recently, our concern about environmentally sustainable transportation and green transportation is increasing, so the government is pushing ahead the policy of bicycle using activation. So it is needed to develop a model to analyze the service level of bicycle roads more realistically. In this study, a neuro-fuzzy inference model to analyze the service level of bicycle roads was built selecting the width of bicycle roads, the number of conflicts during cycling and pedestrian volume, which have fuzzy characteristics, as input variables. The predictability of the model was evaluated comparing the surveyed and the estimated. The values of the statistics, $R^2$, MAE and MSE were 0.987, 0.142, 0.032. Therefore, It may be judged that the explainability of the model is very high. The service levels of bicyle roads estimated by the model are 1~3 steps lower than KHCM assessments. The reason may be explained that the model estimates the service level considering the width of bicycle roads and the number of conflicts simultaneously besides pedestrian volume.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Walking is one of human functions and has been the base of the development of human civilization. Walking ability had made the first village and urban pattern of the mankind. Cities had been constructed for pedestrian's convenience and happy life. But conventional cities have been crowded by the rapid increasing vehicles and population since material civilization had developed. On the other hand, pedestrian space has been neglected urban districts. Chose this study to suggest a direction for improvement by following the direction of the city characteristics and roadside pedestrian space. 1. Investigate the relationship and the significance and problems of pedestrian space by finding survey of the literature and discussion with those that affect the behavior of the pedestrian environment around. 2. For a comfortable pedestrian space on the improvement of the pedestrian area of space (physical and psychological) and gait characteristics, service levels and basic data. 3. Chose how to extract the most appropriate of the best alternatives presented several proposals based on the above survey of the literature data and field survey.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.24-31
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• 2013

교통안전에 대한 지속적인 강화정책에도 불구하고 국내 교통안전수준이 뚜렷한 개선효과를 보이지 못하고 있는 현 시점에서 차량, 도로, 이용자(운전자, 보행자) 간 끊김 없는 정보제공을 가능케 하는 새로운 ITS 융합기술(C-ITS)의 필요성이 어느 때 보다 크다. 본 지에서는 국내 교통사고자료를 바탕으로 국내외에서 검토되고 있는 C-ITS 서비스의 교통안전 기대효과를 살펴보고, 향후 교통안전 혁신을 위한 추가 안전서비스(안)를 제시하고 있다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The Context-Awareness technology which can provide the appropriate information to the human after estimating a lot of information exceeds the time and space in the ubiquitous environment is being developed now. GIS (Geographic Information System) and LBS (Location Based Services) based context awareness is one of these kinds of technology. The context awareness based transfer guide service which can provide useful information, according to the different information which was got from different sensors which were set in different places, to the pedestrian who is using the transfer center will be introduced in this paper. About the result of the service prototype which was tested in test-bed, the context awareness information such as the inside location and density calculation's accuracy is 90%, and the response time of the service is in 10 seconds, and also, the reliability will be higher if more advanced based infra will be used, so it is consider that it can be used to provide service enough.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

On the Staggered Crosswalks, pedestrians cross the crosswalks two times. This method can reduce the cycle, the vehicle delay and the walking distance by increasing the major direction of green time. The safety of pedestrians is also effective. This study suggests the warrant of the facilities of island width and length etc. by considering the road structure and pedestrians. Also this study suggests the standard of the safety through the accident analysis of Staggered crosswalks and General Crosswalks. In the results, accident rate of the Staggered Crosswalks 18.3(100 million vehicle-km) was lower than the accident rate of the General Crosswalks 28.3(100million vehicle-km). By understanding the start point of crossing of the Staggered Crosswalks, the analysis of the location and types of accident suggests the safety zone(spare space). The setting warrants of Staggered Crosswalks are 4 lane over the road and the 2 meter over sidewalk width of island. The minimum length of the Pedestrian island was doubled compared to the crosswalks width. And the maximum length was set by considering the wait time of the pedestrians.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-117
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• 2016

Recently the passenger of railway satisfaction levels are lowered. the reason why the railway station was built without considering the increased passenger due to diversification(transfer, shopping, and etc.) of the domestic railway station infrastructure. Especially, in case of KTX Gwangju-Songjeong Station, the number of its passenger has been increased about more than three times since its opening in 2015, so that there are much inconvenience generated in the station congested with passengers. his study aims to excute using Pedestrian simulation and Design Hourly Factor concepts of Highway Engineering, in order to designing the optimum area through the passenger demand forecast for each station. For this analysis was divided into the second stage. Frist, the railway passenger was calculated by using the methodology of Design Hourly Factor that is used during road design in the aspect of traffic engineering. Second, we tried to analyze the level of service in each railway station facility through the pedestrian simulation. Analytical results show that utilizing pedestrian simulation provides verification for calculation of LOS of each railway station facility. Therefore, In the future when designing railway station of facilities will be possible to suggest the facilities area based on LOS.