• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2000

Korean error detectors of word processors have defects such as inconvenience that users choose one of error groups, lower detecting rate of 60%, and slow processing time. In this study, I proposed a resolution method of these defects. For these, I applied bidirectional longest match strategy for morphological analysis to improve processing time. I suggested dictionaries and several algorithms such as seperation of compound noun and assistant declinable words, correction of typing error to improve processing time and to guarantee correction accuracy. I also suggested a distinguishable method for dependent noun/suffix and Josa/Eomi where many ambiguities are generated, and a distinguishable method for Korean "로써/로서" to improve the reliability of the correction system.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.371-391
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• 2016

Long division was one of the major issues in math war II started from 1990's in US. In this paper, we investigated this concretely and examined present teaching condition of long division in Korea. Firstly, Long division is not only a mechanical way to get the answer but also a realization of core conception in elementary mathematics. Futhermore it is a connecting link between elementary and middle mathematics education. Secondly, it is needed to use the term 'long division' to provide the concrete teaching guidelines. Thirdly, a minor algorithm, like an 'partial quotient method', is necessary to introduce in order to help understanding long division.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2004

In this study, we try to understand the present condition of elderly housing facilities in Contra Costa County, California, USA. We got the basic information of 92 facilities through the interview with the chief of elderly housing department in Contra Costa County, California. In practical way of research, this study bears various components of the elderly housing facilities, which are type of facility, financial aids, type of apartment, and provided living services. The short summerising of researches are; The present conditions of elderly housing facilities can be classified as Independent Living(53), Congregate Housing(23), Assisted Living(33), Dementia Care(12). The financial aid conditions are shown like SSI, HA, HUD. The types of apartment are studio type, 1 bedroom type, 2 bedroom type. These facilities provides meals, housekeeping, transportation, small pets. As a result of studying the present condition of elderly housing facilities in Contra Costa County, we propose the basic statistical report on the most general type of housing, financial aids, type of services that people of the states want to get.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2006

플래시 메모리는 휴대폰과 PDA 와 같은 이동 기기에서 저장 장치로 널리 사용되고 있다. 또한 기가바이트(GB) 단위의 대용량화로 인해 노트북과 개인용 컴퓨터에서 보조기억장치로 사용되고 있다. 요즘에는 대용량의 데이터를 효율적으로 다루기 위한 B+트리와 같은 자료구조를 플래시 메모리상에서 저비용의로 구현하려는 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 지금까지의 연구에서는 플래시 메모리에서 B+트리를 구축할 때 노드 크기를 플래시 메모리의 섹터(sector) 크기로 사용해왔다. 본 논문에서는 노드 크기가 플래시 메모리의 섹터 크기보다 더 커졌을 경우, 플래시 메모리에서 구현되는 B+트리의 구축성능과 검색성능 그리고 저장 공간 사용량을 비교 분석한다. 키 삽입 시 정렬 알고리즘과 비정렬 알고리즘을 각각 사용해 구축비용을 측정하였으며 효율적인 노드 검색을 위해 인덱스 노드 헤드 구조를 사용한다. 그리고 이러한 실험결과는 B+트리 노드 크기를 섹터 크기보다 블록 크기로 할당할 때 B+트리 성능의 우수성을 보인다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 2002

Reading education in elementary school is being performed without connection between the curriculums and is searching for a diversified method of reading education. There are other problems in reading education such as absence of several reading education programs lack of experts with field experiences and difficulties in practicing a continuous reading education due to the emotional and disconnection between school and home. We designed a web-based reading education support system as a supplement for the reading education in which an electronic library and information about each reading-related activity can be shared. This reading education support system based on internet can connect reading education to the students everyday life. The electronic library can activate reading education by providing book management, a bulletin about the impression of a book and the information on recommended books. In addition, this electronic library can develop various reading education programs and can strengthen the relationship between school and home. This system also can make knowledge and information related activities after reading books be commonly available to all schools through the realization module, according to school and class. Therefore, various material related to reading education can be shared and statistical works are possible with the system we developed in this study.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.53
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• pp.163-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper was to examine universal dependency UD application cases of Korean and Japanese with similar morphological characteristics. In addition, UD application and improvement methods of Korean were examined through comparative analysis. Korean and Japanese are very well developed due to their agglutinative characteristics. Therefore, there are many difficulties to apply UD which is built around English refraction. We examined the application of UPOS and DEPREL as components of UD with discussions. In UPOS, we looked at category problem related to narrative such as AUX, ADJ, and VERB, We examined how to handle units. In relation to the DEPREL annotation system, we discussed how to reflect syntactic problem from the basic unit annotation of syntax tags. We investigated problems of case and aux arising from the problem of setting dominant position from Korean and Japanese as the dominant language. We also investigated problems of annotation of parallel structure and setting of annotation basic unit. Among various relation annotation tags, case and aux are discussed because they show the most noticeable difference in distribution when comparing annotation tag application patterns with Korean. The case is related to both Korean and Japanese surveys. Aux is a secondary verb in Korean and an auxiliary verb in Japanese. As a result of examining specific annotation patterns, it was found that Japanese aux not only assigned auxiliary clauses, but also auxiliary elements to add the grammatical meaning to the verb and form corresponding to the end of Korean. In UD annotation of Japanese, the basic unit of morphological analysis is defined as a unit of basic syntactic annotation in Japanese UD annotation. Thus, when using information, it is necessary to consider how to use morphological analysis unit as information of dependency annotation in Korean.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2019

To prevent ozone depletion caused by CFCs, the replacement of Halon with clean agents has been developed in the fire protection field along with refrigerants, detergents, and foaming agents. The alternatives for Halon 1211 have been developed in the portable fire extinguisher area and HCFC-123 is used widely as a clean fire extinguishing agent. The type of expellant gas is important because their own vapor pressure is low. In this study, HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HFC-125, and Novec-1230 were selected as fire extinguishing agents and CO₂, which is expected to improve the fire extinguishing ability, was chosen as the expellant gas. For each agent, experiments changing the agent and CO₂ amount were carried out and HCFC-123 showed a good result, as expected. The extinguisher, HCFC-123 of 1.5 kg, showed the same ability to suppress a class A and B fire as the extinguisher, HCFC-123 of 2.5 kg, which is currently sold on the market. According to this result, the expellant gas has a subsidiary fire extinguish effect. This can reduce the amount of HCFC fire extinguishing agent, which is categorized in the phase-out alternatives, and is a more eco-friendly and economical fire extinguisher than the previous one. This study can also help solve the problems of CO₂ fire extinguishers for class B and C fires, and can be used to extinguish electric and electron facilities fire, which contains large amounts of class A fire combustibles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

We classified the forest type and figured out the ecological characteristics for each of the types in order to provide the basic informations for being induced ecologically efficient forest practice plan by vegetation units in the natural forest of Songnisan. We established the 250 sample points and collected the vegetation data of vertical distribution for each sample. A variety of multivariate statistical methods were applied to classify the forest types. The species diversity index were analyzed to estimate the stability and maturity for forest vegetation in each the type. The types were divided from two to ten clusters by cluster analysis. The appropriate number of clusters was estimated five clusters by indicator species analysis. It was verified through the multiple discriminant analysis that the estimated number of clusters had been suitable. Based on the species composition for each the type, this study site was classified into five forest types: 1) Quercus serrata and 2) mixed mesophytic forest in the valley area, 3) Q. mongolica forest in the main ridge, 4) Pinus densiflora forest in the sub-ridge extending from the main, and 5) Q. variabilis-P. densiflora forest between the sub-ridge and valley. The species diversity index of the pine forest that had been a simple species composition was the lowest while that of the mixed mesophytic forest of which the composition had been diverse was the highest. As the forest vegetation was more varied, the index showed a tendency to increase.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of substrate temperature, chemical composition and post-deposition heat-treatment on the crystal structure and electrical transport of $La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_{3-{\delta}}$(0.19${\leq}x{\leq}$0.31) thin films. As-prepared $La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_{3-{\delta}}$ films grown at $500^{\circ}C$ by sputter techniques were found to have the pseudo-tetragonal system(a/c=0.97) and a highly preferential <001> orientation. The films were changed to be of the cubic system by post-deposition annealing at around $900^{\circ}C$. A main target of $La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO_3$ as well as auxliary targets of $La_{0.3}Sr_{0.7}MnO_3$ ceramics were co-sputtered to control the chemical composition of the film. The Sr content(x) of the film ranged from 0.19 to 0.31, depending on the number of the auxiliary target. When x increased from 0.19 to 0.31, the electrical resistivity of the film decreased and the transition temperature between metal and semiconductor shifted to higher temperature. With a magnetic field of 0.18 T, the magneto-resistance ratio (MR(%) = (${\rho}_o-{\rho}_H/{\rho}_H$) of the $La_{0.69}Sr_{0.31}MnO_3$ thin film was about 390%.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a portable and convenient closed-loop contrel type electrical stimulator for patients with foot drop. This system restores walking movement as well as prevents from atrophy or necrosis of lower limb muscles and increases blood circulation in hemiplegic patients caused by traffic accident, industrial disaster or stoke. This system detects the changes of the ankle joint angle during walking, and then controls the stimulus intensity automatically to maintain the programmed level of the ankle joint angle. Also, this automatic system controls the stimulus intensity which is affected by increased electrode impedance resulting from long time use. The system detects the joint angle by an optical sensor and includes modified PID control which adjusts the stimulus intensity if the joint angle deviates from the preset value. Stimulus parameters are 30~80 volt, 40 Hz, and 0.2 ms. The system was applied to five hemiplegic patients for 42 days. Duration of stimulation was 15 min/day for the first week and then the duration was gradually increased to 30, 60, 90 and 120 min/day. The muscle force was increased up to 29.7%, muscle fatigue was decreased compared with the level before stimulation and the pattern of locomotion was improved. These results suggest that the electrical stimulator with closed-loop control type is more convenient and effective in restoration of locomotion of patients with foot drop than open-loop system.