• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.187-214
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• 2016

In the mordern society, the reliance on the cyber domain and the cyber connectivity has been increasingly strengthened. Due to this phenomenon, the cyberterror against critical infrastructures and state organs might lead to fatal consequences. Lately, North Korea's cyberattacks against South Korea's national organizations and financial computer networks are becoming more and more intelligent and sophisticated. The cyberattacks against such critical infrastructures have caused enormous economic loss and social disorder. This paper is designed to examine comparatively the cyberterror related laws and organizations of the advanced countries such as U.S. and U.K. and to draw implications. Although those countries are under different institutional and cultural backgrounds with varying security envrionments, they are identically pursuing measures by establishing government-wide counterterror system for coordination and cooperation. They are also commonly focusing upon creating new organizations equipped with new system and upon enhancing intelligence performance and devising punishment regulations. Korea is lack of framework laws regulating cyber security, having only scattered individual laws. Since such legal base is far from efficient counterterror activities, it is necessary that the legal and policy response of the advanced countries should be closely studied for selective introduction. That will eventually lead to legislation of cyber security law. With such legislation on hand, it is subsequently required to strengthen crisis management for prevention of cyberterror and to create joint response team, cooperating with private organizations.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.209-227
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• 2023

The government continues to announce measures to revitalize smart construction technology based on BIM for productivity innovation in the construction industry. In the design phase, the goal is design automation and optimization by converging BIM Data and other advanced technologies. Accordingly, in the basic design of the Namhae Seomyeon-Yeosu Sindeok National Road Construction Project, a domestic undersea tunnel project, BIM-based design was carried out by developing tunnel design automation technology using 3D spatial information according to the tunnel design process. In order to derive the optimal alignment, more than 10,000 alignment cases were generated in 36hr using the generative design technique and a quantitative evaluation of the objective functions defined by the designer was performed. AI-based ground classification and 3D Geo Model were established to evaluate the economic feasibility and stability of the optimal alignment. AI-based ground classification has improved its precision by performing about 30 types of ground classification per borehole, and in the case of the 3D Geo Model, its utilization can be expected in that it can accumulate ground data added during construction. In the case of 3D blasting design, the optimal charge weight was derived in 5 minutes by reviewing all security objects on the project range on Dynamo, and the design result was visualized in 3D space for intuitive and convenient construction management so that it could be used directly during construction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

his experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of nitrogen top dressing levels on the growth, feed value, and anthocyanin content for developing functional feed of colored barley. A colored barley cultivar, Boanchalbori, was tested in this experiment. Nitrogen top dressing levels was six (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) and top dressing time was a regeneration time. In case of productivity, heading data was get behind and dry matter rate was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05). Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels, but not significant. In case of feed value, crude protein content was significant increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Percent NDF and ADF was decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. TDN was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Total anthocyanin content was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. Specially, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin (Del), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) and malvidin (Mal) show a significant decrease. So there are an accumulation of anthocyanin in the culm, and standard nitrogen top dressing levels dressing on the regeneration time for produces high anthocyanin content of the colored barley.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.361-391
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• 2015

Regarding the [Government Organization Act; which is legislated on 19th November, 2014] Korea Coast Guard(KCG) has been re-organized and belong from Korea Coast Guard shall be established under the Minister of Oceans and Fisheries to Ministry of Public Safety and Security. Furthermore, National Police Agency(NPA) Commissioner has the right for administer duties concerning investigation and information by succession from Korea Coast Guard Commissioner. That means that main rule has been moved from prior KCG to Ministry of Public Safety and Security(MPSS) and NPA currently which is dual structure. Meanwhile, This kind of organization change has been effective to investigative agency which exert KCG's call of duty and causes needs of variety problems. In other words, There are quite huge changes such as KCG's reduction of their work, call of duty and re-organization regarding revised government organization act. However this change - including re-organization by government, was not able to take current MPSS's special features such as organization specialty and legal rights. It means, the current change has not been taken present law system CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW and there was no preparation to stable maritime police authority action as well. To sum up, this revised GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION ACT is supposed to provide total, quick security service by establishing strong disasters and safety control tower. However they only contains few area such as organization revision regarding 'Sewol Ferry Disaster', they was not able to contain the other parts of Society. Therefore, in this article I would like to check the part of re-evaluation of current change made by KCC's organization revision. It is supposed to provide better legal stability by making clear of work area by government agencies who acts maritime police authority.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.7-35
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• 2015

The objective of this article is to inform and document the contemporary development of the private security industry in Queensland Australia, a premier holiday destination that provide entertainment for the larger region. The purpose of this review is to examine the comtemporary development of mandated licensing regimes regulating the industry, and the necessary reform agenda. The overall aim is threefold: first, to chart the main outcomes of the two-wave of reforms since the mid-'90s; second, to examine the effectiveness of changes in modes of regulation; and third, to identify the criteria that can be considered a best practice based on Button(2012) and Prenzler and Sarre's(2014) criteria. The survey of the Queensland regulatory regime has demonstrated that, despite the federal-guided reforms, there remain key areas where further initiatives remain pending, markedly case-by-case utilisation of more proactive strategies such as on-site alcohol/drug testing, psychological evaluations, and checks on close associates; lack of binding training arrangement for technical services providers; and targeted auditing of licensed premises and the vicinity of venues by the Office of Fair Trading, a licensing authority. The study has highlighted the need for more determined responses and active engagements in these priority areas. This study of the development of the licensing regimes in Queensland Australia provides useful insights for other jurisdictions including South Korea on how to better manage licensing system, including the measures required to assure an adequate level of professional competence in the industry. It should be noted that implementing a consistency in delivery mode and assessment in training was the strategic imperative for the Australian authority to intervene in the industry as part of stimulating police-private partnerships. Of particular note, competency elements have conventionally been given a low priority in South Korea, as exemplified through the lack of government-sponsored certificate; this is an area South Korean policymakers must assume an active role in implementing accredited scheme, via consulting transnational templates, including Australian qualifications framework.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 2017

Strengthening surveillance, one of the most important factors in the crime prevention environment of cultural heritages, has difficulty in evaluating and diagnosing the site. For this reasons, surveillance enhancement has been assessed by modelling the shape of cultural heritage, topography, and trees digitally. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation method of crime prevention environment for cultural heritage by using the 3D visual exposure index (3DVE) which can quantitatively evaluate the surveillance enhancement in three dimensions. For the study, the evaluation factors were divided into natural, organizational, mechanical, and integrated surveillance. To conduct the analysis, the buildings, terrain, walls, and trees of the study site were modeled in three dimensions and the analysis program was developed by using the Unity 3D. Considering the working area of the person, it is possible to analyze the surveillance point by dividing it into the head and the waist position. In order to verify the feasibility of the 3DVE as the analysis program, we assessed the crime prevention environment by digitally modeling the Donam Seowon(Historic Site No. 383) located in Nonsan. As a result of the study, it was possible to figure out the problems of patrol circulation, the blind spot, and the weak point in natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance of Donam Seowon. The results of the 3DVE were displayed in 3D drawings, so that the position and object could be identified clearly. Surveillance during the daytime is higher in the order of natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance, while surveillance during the night is higher in the order of organizational, mechanical, and natural surveillance. The more the position of the work area becomes low, the more it is easy to be shielded, so it is necessary to evaluate the waist position. It is possible to find out and display the blind spot by calculating the surveillance range according to the specification, installation location and height of CCTV. Organizational surveillance, which has been found to be complementary to mechanical surveillance, needs to be analyzed at the vulnerable time when crime might happen. Furthermore, it is note that the analysis of integrated surveillance can be effective in examining security light, CCTV, patrol circulation, and other factors. This study was able to diagnose the crime prevention environment by simulating the actual situation. Based on this study, consecutive researches should be conducted to evaluate and compare alternatives to design the crime prevention environment.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.565-578
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• 2019

Basic friction angles of Hwangdeung granite, Berea sandstone, Jeongsun marble, Hongcheon gneiss, Pungam shale and Eumseong sandy shale were measured by direct shear test, tilt test and pull test. Characteristics of basic friction angle and the accuracy of test methods were compared and the optimal method in measuring basic friction angle was suggested. Although basic friction angles might be measured accurately by direct shear test, the test apparatus is expensive and procedures are complicated. Tilt tests which is the suggested method for measuring basic friction angle by International Association for Rock Mechanics also provided similar basic friction angles measured by direct shear test. However, the error measured for the same rock type is higher than 7° and values by repeated measurements in one sample show different trends, such as increasing or decreasing or almost constant as measurements continued. The difference measured in one gneiss sample is higher 12°, indicating that tilt test may be not a reliable method for measuring basic friction angle. Not only pull test provided accurate and consistent results under low normal stresses, but also test apparatus is simple and inexpensive and procedure is not complicated, indicating that pull test may be the optimal method for measuring basic friction angle.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

The Internet of things (IoT) has been applied to a variety of industrial uses such as public service sectors, medical industries, automotive industries, and so on. Led by smart cities, this is typical. However, from a logistics perspective, the level of application is insufficient. This study examines the applicability of IoT-related technology in a container terminal, an object of the present invention, to derive an applicable plan. Analytic network process (ANP) analysis reveals the following results for IoT applications in container terminals: operating systems (26.7%), safety/environmental/security systems (26.4%), equipment maintenance systems (25.3%), and facility maintenance systems (21.6 %). The second ANP analysis reveals the following results: Economy (40.2%), productivity (21.1%), service level (19.5%), and utilizing technology level (19.2%). The application or standard of evaluation is important when applying IoT technology to container terminals; however, it is not concentrated in a certain area. It is desirable to build each container system with linkage and efficiency from a macroscopic view.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Various data like digital maps(1/1,000 or 1/5,000), field surveying, online materials and literatures are used for the preliminary investigation for urban development such as the feasibility evaluation, the profitability analysis, the zoning proposal, the zoning designation, and the land replotting planning. There are a couple of urban development methods like an expropriation, a replotting, a mixed-used method. The replotting method requires the consideration of land replotting types based on topography and building condition, which is not easy to gather data for the preliminary investigation maintaining the security of development planning. There are limitations of a preliminary investigation using aerial photos to detect topographic and building changes at specific period. GIS data combined with high-resolution imagery has advantages over the current dataset, which come from easy acquisition of various spatial resolution satellite images, wide swath coverage, the choice of imagery resolution satisfying a usage purpose, economic benefit comparing to aerial photos, and the calculation of distance and area on imagery from image modeling. For these reasons, the proposed method in this study enables to perform the more appropriate preliminary investigation using more accurate information.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

The system that covers gathering, integrating, exchanging, presenting and analyzing of information within ships and shores for the safety and security in Marine Environment is known as e-Navigation Policy. Northern Europe has been conducting research and development. It came up into a concept that deals with ship's route information between vessels as well as vessels to shores which is better known as route exchange system. The research showed substantial advantages on navigational safety by exchanging the route information between vessels in vicinity and vessels to shores. Therefore, upon the adaptation of route exchange System as a major function in integrated navigational system, the existing procedures in VTS could be changed for betterment. In this study, it was verified the effectiveness of route exchange system by the adaptation of a recent collision accident occurred in Korean coast and suggested that route exchange system which would be carried out by the discretion of VTS center in VTS area. Finally, it proposed the new functions for outstanding services and procedures of integrating traffic organization services on coastal VTS for an effective route exchange system in Korean coastal area.