• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.490-499
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• 2019

Face recognition payment service is an innovative payment method based on face recognition technology and is emerging in China now. Various industries regarding unmanned sales are likely to utilize this face recognition payment service in the future. This study investigated the factors influencing the usage intention of Chinese consumers who have experience using face recognition service. We used questionnaire survey and analysis with SPSS and AMOS. According to the results of the study, conclusions are as followed. First, consumers' attitudes toward the characteristic of face recognition payment service, which are non-contact and non-coercion, positively affected perceived usefulness. Second, the rapidness of the facial recognition payment among the recognition, the security and the rapidness of this service affected the ease of use. Third, social influences such as subjective norms also influence the intention to use. Fourth, the increase of the level of self-expression awareness and the intention of using face recognition payment service are confirmed. Through these results, the implications for design and communication of related innovative services were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2009

Recently, software piracy is one of the serious crimes for the digital materials. It makes economically devasting to the software industry and the market. In particular, it is a widespread phenomenon among university students in Korea and negative affects in measuring social and cultural level. Many studies have been focused on the users' intention of the software piracy for making anti-piracy policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting university students' software piracy intention. The survey includes responses from 271 university students in a school of business adminstration. The research model was estimated with multiple regression. The analysis showed results that user's characteristics, subjective norms, and perceived software quality were significantly related to intention of software piracy, but security policy was not. Perceived importance of intellectual property has negative impact on user's software piracy intention. Based on the findings, we suggest the implications for developing and implementing appropriate policies for anti-piracy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2022

In this study, the emotional reaction process and the cognitive reaction process were divided into the process of building trust in order to form a continuous use intention in the process of using the mobile simple payment system. We examined the process by which various external factors generate continuous use intentions, that is, behavioral responses through the process of each reaction. External factors were divided into social factors, systemic factors, and social factors. Among them, system factors were social norms and images, and systemic factors were simplicity and accessibility. And the social factors consisted of security and compatibility. And the emotional response was set as pleasure and emotional trust, the cognitive response was cognitive trust, and the final dependent variable was set as continuous use intention. A survey was conducted for model analysis, and the analysis results were derived using PLS.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

Simultaneously with the founding of the Joseon military system was reformed. On the basis of Koryo's '2gun 6wie(二軍 六衛)' reorganized into '10wie 50ryong(10衛 50領)'. But the de facto central military power was in Euhungqingunwie(義興親軍衛) that is Lee Seong-gye's Elite Guard. In addition to these make up the backbone of the central forces that were Siwiepae(侍衛牌). Also a anti-legislation Seongzhongaima(成衆愛馬) was also presented. But soon the military command and military systems will start to repair. First, reform of military command system of the unified command system shall be established for the Euhungqingunwie(義興親軍衛). And Jeongdojeon has strengthened the military education and training. But, for the establishment of Military command system the most important was the reform of the private soldier. Military systems also have been systematized. shipwie(十衛) was changed to the shipsa(十司) in Taejo. After, they are expanded to shipyisa(十二司) in Sejong. And, the Gabsa(甲士) were returned. In addition, various special branch of the army, Byelsiwie(別侍衛), Naegumewie(內禁衛), gyumsabok(兼司僕) etc, are increased and founded.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-76
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• 2019

This study conducted empirical analyses to investigate the factors affecting the intention to use smart home services. Based on the previous relevant studies, the characteristics of smart home service were found to influence on the intention to use smart home service, and four variables(ubiquitous connectivity, reliability, context awareness, and security) concerning the service characteristics could be derived. And referring to the technology acceptance model(TAM), the updated TAM, IS success model, and the theory of reasoned action(TRA), three variables such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm were also likely to affect the intention to use smart home service, and the user innovativeness was inferred to play a role of moderating variable. In order to examine the research model and the hypotheses which could describe the relationship of the above mentioned variables, this study surveyed 447 people who were currently using or would use the smart home services, and then tested the hypotheses for 436 valid responses. The results of hypotheses testing showed that reliability, context awareness, and security have a significant effect on perceived usefulness and on perceived ease of use. However, it was found that ubiquitous connectivity significantly affected perceived usefulness but did not affect perceived ease of use. And perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm had significant effect on the intention to use smart home services. Also, user innovativeness as moderating variable was found to significantly influence on the magnitude of the relationship between ubiquitous connectivity and perceived usefulness and on that between reliability and perceived ease of use. This can be interpreted as the findings implying that innovative smart home-service users are likely to feel the smart home-services more useful than ordinary users when the degree of ubiquitous connectivity is higher, and are likely to perceive the use of smart home-services to be easier than ordinary ones when the degree of reliability is higher.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.3-37
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• 2020

The aircraft crew operating on international routes performs almost identical tasks as police officials in terms of dealing with the unlawful interference in the aircraft. This means that the liability question which is related to the law enforcement by the police officer may arise regarding the crew's performance of his or her duties. With regard to the carrier's liability due to the crew's unlawful action, there are distinctive characteristics from the liability due to police officers' unlawful action. In case of the claim for damages by the crew's unlawful action, the first question should be whether such action complies with the requirements under the Tokyo Convention 1963. If such action does not conform with the Tokyo Convention 1963, we should examine that claim under the State Compensation Act, the Montreal Convention 1999, and the Civil Act of Korea. The examination under the Tokyo Convention 1963 is not so different from the Korean Court's precedents. However, the court should consider the characteristics of the environment surrounding the crew. The action which is not indemnified under the Tokyo Convention 1963 should be examined under the tort laws. Because the aircraft crew is private persons entrusted with public duties under Korean Law, the State Compensation Act may apply. However, further studies regarding the harmonious interpretation with the Montreal Convention 1999 is needed. With regard to the carrier's liability, the Montreal Convention of 1999 should be applied to the crew's unlawful actions onboard. This is because the Montreal Convention of 1999 preempts the national law for the events that occurred during transportation, and there is no provision which excludes such unlawful actions from the scope of its application. On the other hand, the national law, such as the Civil Act of Korea, applies to unlawful actions taken after transportation. This is because the interpretation that infinitely expands the scope of the Montreal Convention 1999 should not be allowed. Given the foregoing, the standard of the claim for damages due to the crew's unlawful action varies depending on the place where the specific action was taken. As a result, the type of damage recoverable and the burden of proof also varies accordingly. Carriers and crew members must perform their duties with this in mind, but in particular, they should observe the proportionality, and when interpreting the law, it is necessary for the court or lawyer to consider the special characteristics of the work environment.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.55
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• pp.167-191
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• 2018

Despite international cooperation, piracy has not yet been eradicated in major waters around the world. From the perspective of South Korea, which is absolutely dependent on exporting and importing, it's a lifeline for us to secure safe maritime traffic so it is a situation we have to be vigilant about maritime safety and security. However, criminal law on punishment of piracy is still insufficient and legislative consideration is needed. Since pirates are regarded as enemies of humankind, all nations can punish pirates regardless of their damage. The international community has done its best in cooperation from hundreds of years ago to secure maritime trade through this universal jurisdiction and marine transportation in international waters which is an essential space for military activities, particularly in the Gulf of Aden, the advanced nations have dispatched fleets to combat maritime security threats through joint operations to crack down on Somali pirates. Even if universal jurisdiction is allowed for piracy in accordance with the International Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, it is difficult to effectively deal with piracy if it not fully complied with a domestic legal system for this purpose or is stipulated as different from international regulations. In other words, universal jurisdiction corresponding to international norms and constitution of piracy should be defined in criminal law in accordance with criminal statutory law. If the punishment of pirates by unreasonably applying our criminal law without prejudice to such work can lead to diplomatic disputes in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or other international norms. In South Korea, there is no provision to explicitly prescribe piracy as a crime, but punish similar acts like piracy in criminal law and maritime safety law. However, there is a limit to effective piracy punishment because we are not fully involved in internationally accepted piracy. In this study, we critically examine the proposals of the constitutional elements of piracy, propose the legislative direction, and insist on the introduction of globalism to pirate sins.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.337-342
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• 2018

A rain water pumping station is a structural countermeasure to inland flooding of domestic water generated in a urban watershed. In this study, the optimal operation water level of the pump with the minimum overflow was determined based on the opinions of the person in charge of the operation of the rain water pump station. A GA (Genetic Algorithm), which is an optimization technique, was used to estimate the optimal operation water level of the rain water pump station and was linked with SWMM (Ver.5.1) DLL, which is a rainfall-runoff model of an urban watershed. Considering the time required to maximize the efficiency of the pump, the optimal operating water level was estimated. As a result, the overall water level decreased at a lower operating water level than the existing water level. For most pumps, the lowest operating water level was selected for the operating range of each pump unit. The operation of the initial pump could reduce the amount of overflow, and there was no change in the overflow reduction, even after changing the operation condition of the pump. Internal water flooding reduction was calculated to be 1%~2%, and the overflow occurring in the downstream area was reduced. The operating point of the pump was judged to be an effective operation from a mechanical and practical point of view. A consideration of the operating conditions of the pump in future, will be helpful for improving the efficiency of the pump and to reducing inland flooding.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2016

Hacking has raised many critical issues in the modern world, particularly because the size and cost of the damages caused by this disruptive activity have steadily increased. Accordingly, many significant studies have been conducted by behavioral scientists to understand hackers and their practices. Nonetheless, only qualitative methods, such as interviews, meta-studies, and media studies, have been employed in such studies because of hacker sampling limitations. Existing studies have determined that intrinsic motivation was the dominant factor influencing hackers, and that their techniques were mainly acquired from online hacking communities. However, such results have yet to be causally proven. This study attempted to identify the causal factors influencing the motivational and environmental factors encouraging hackers to learn hacking skills. To this end, hacker community members using the theory of planned behavior were observed to identify the causal factors of their learning of hacking skills. We selected a group of students who were developing their hacking skills. The survey was conducted over a two-week period in May 2015 with a total of 227 students as respondents. After list-wise deletion, 215 of the responses were deemed usable (94.7 percent). In summary, the hackers were aware that hacking skills are considered socially unethical, and their attitudes toward the learning of hacking skills were affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. In addition, the characteristics of the online hacking community affected their perceived behavioral control. This study introduced new concepts in the process of conducting a causal relationship analysis on a hacker sample. Moreover, this research expanded the discussion on the causal direction of subjective norms in unethical research, and empirically confirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affect the learning of hacking skills. This study also made a practical contribution by raising the educational and policy response issues for ethical hackers and demonstrating the necessity to intensify the punishment for hacking.