Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.31691/KASL35.3.1.

The Characteristic of the Carrier's Liability Due to the Illegal Act of the Crew during International Air Transportation  

Kim, Min-Seok (항공판례연구회)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy / v.35, no.3, 2020 , pp. 3-37 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aircraft crew operating on international routes performs almost identical tasks as police officials in terms of dealing with the unlawful interference in the aircraft. This means that the liability question which is related to the law enforcement by the police officer may arise regarding the crew's performance of his or her duties. With regard to the carrier's liability due to the crew's unlawful action, there are distinctive characteristics from the liability due to police officers' unlawful action. In case of the claim for damages by the crew's unlawful action, the first question should be whether such action complies with the requirements under the Tokyo Convention 1963. If such action does not conform with the Tokyo Convention 1963, we should examine that claim under the State Compensation Act, the Montreal Convention 1999, and the Civil Act of Korea. The examination under the Tokyo Convention 1963 is not so different from the Korean Court's precedents. However, the court should consider the characteristics of the environment surrounding the crew. The action which is not indemnified under the Tokyo Convention 1963 should be examined under the tort laws. Because the aircraft crew is private persons entrusted with public duties under Korean Law, the State Compensation Act may apply. However, further studies regarding the harmonious interpretation with the Montreal Convention 1999 is needed. With regard to the carrier's liability, the Montreal Convention of 1999 should be applied to the crew's unlawful actions onboard. This is because the Montreal Convention of 1999 preempts the national law for the events that occurred during transportation, and there is no provision which excludes such unlawful actions from the scope of its application. On the other hand, the national law, such as the Civil Act of Korea, applies to unlawful actions taken after transportation. This is because the interpretation that infinitely expands the scope of the Montreal Convention 1999 should not be allowed. Given the foregoing, the standard of the claim for damages due to the crew's unlawful action varies depending on the place where the specific action was taken. As a result, the type of damage recoverable and the burden of proof also varies accordingly. Carriers and crew members must perform their duties with this in mind, but in particular, they should observe the proportionality, and when interpreting the law, it is necessary for the court or lawyer to consider the special characteristics of the work environment.
Keywords
montreal convention; liability; unlawful interference; tokyo convention; unruly passenger; malicious prosecution;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 강동수, "선장의 공법상 권한", 한국해법학회지 제26권 제1호, 한국해법학회, 2004년, 51면
2 권창영, 항공법 판례해설 III - 항공운송법, 법문사, 2020
3 김광록, "최근 판례를 통해 본 몬트리올 협약과 상법상 항공운송인의 책임 대법원 2016. 3. 24. 선고 2013다81514판결 ", 한국항공우주정책.법학회지 제32권 제2호, 한국항공우주정책.법학회, 2017, 33면
4 김기진, "공무수탁사인에 대한 연구", 법학연구 제15권 제4호, 연세대학교 법학연구원, 2005, 101면
5 대법원 1986.7.22. 선고 82다카1372 판결
6 대법원 2002. 5. 17. 선고 2000다22607 판결
7 대법원 2006. 1. 26. 선고 2005다47014,47021,47038 판결
8 대법원 2009. 8. 20. 선고 2008다51120
9 대전지방법원 2009. 6. 26. 선고 2007가합3098 판결
10 박원화, 항공운송법, 퍼플, 2013
11 박정호, "손해배상의 인과관계에 관한 소고", 법학논총 제24권, 단국대학교 법학연구소, 2000, 233면
12 구세주, "항공기 내 불법행위 현황 및 개선과제", 국회입법조사처, 2019
13 부산지방법원 2018.4.11. 선고 2017가단107238 판결
14 소재선.이창규, "항공운송인의 손해배상책임 원인에 관한 법적 고찰", 한국항공우주정책.법학회지 제28권 제2호, 한국항공우주정책.법학회, 2013, 15면
15 소재선.이창규, "항공운송인의 손해배상책임 면제에 관한 법적 고찰", 한국항공우주정책.법학회지 제30권 제1호, 한국항공우주정책.법학회, 2015, 105면
16 송덕수, 신민법강의, 박영사, 2011
17 안주연.황호원 "항공기내 경미한 불법방해 행위에 대한 법적개선방안 연구 범칙금 제도 도입방안을 중심으로", 한국항공경영학회지 제17권 제3호, 한국항공경영학회, 2019, 79면
18 이강빈, "항공보안 관련 국제협약의 현대화와 국내입법의 이행 연구", 한국항공우주정책.법학회지 제30권 제2호, 한국항공우주정책.법학회, 2015, 224면
19 이시윤, 신민사소송법, 박영사, 2011, 499면
20 이재운, "기내난동승객관련 도쿄협약(1963)상의 법률현안 : 정의조항, 관할권, 기장의 판단을 중심으로", 아주법학 제5권 제1호, 아주대학교 법학연구소, 2011, 163면
21 이재운, "기내난동승객의 효과적인 법적대응방안을 위한 몬트리올의정서(2014)의 역할", 항공진흥 제62호, 한국항공협회, 2014, 118면
22 이창재, "항공여객의 정신적 손해배상에 관한 최근 동향 - 미국 연방법원 판례를 중심으로", 한국항공우주정책.법학회지 제35권 제1호, 한국항공우주정책.법학회, 2020, 33면
23 정선주, "법률요건분류설과 증명책임의 전환", 민사소송 제11권 제2호, 한국민사소송법학회, 2007, 131면
24 최준선 "국제항공운송에 관한 1999년 Montreal Convention에 대한 一考", 저스티스 통권 제78호, 한국법학원, 2004, 199면 이하
25 최준선, 상법 항공운송편 해설, 법무부, 2012
26 최진수, 요건사실과 주장증명책임, 진원사, 2018
27 홍정선, 행정법 특강, 법문사, 2011
28 E. Giemulla & R. Schmid (eds.), Montreal Convention (Suppl.7), October 2010, Wolters Kluwer
29 Eastern Airlines, Inc. v. Floyd, 499 U.S. 530 (1991)
30 Eid v. Alaska Airlines, Inc., 621 F.3d 858, 873 (9th Cir. 2010)
31 El Al Israel Airlines, Ltd. v. Tsui Yuan Tseng, 525 U.S. 155 (1999)
32 IATA, Guidance on Unruly Passenger Prevention and Management 2nd edition, IATA, 2015
33 ICAO, International Conference on Air Law (Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air), Montreal 10-28 May 1999, Volume I (Doc 9775)
34 Lisa M. Fromm, EASTERN AIRLINES V. FLOYD: AIRLINE PASSENGERS DENIED RECOVERY FOR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS UNDER THE WARSAW CONVENTION, Akron Law Review, Vol. 25;2 Fall 1991
35 Moshe Leshem, Court Analyzes the Elements of Air Carriers Immunity Under the Tokyo Convention 1963: Zikry v. Air Canada, Air & Space Law, vol. xxxII/3, 2007, p. 220
36 Ruwantissa Abeyratne, Aviation Security Law, Springer, 2010, p.218
37 Thede v. United Airlines, Inc., (9th Cir. Jan. 8, 2020)
38 Zikry v. Air Canada, C. F. 1716/05 (Haifa Magistrates Court)