• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

RS White (resorcinol bis-ethylhexanoate) is used in cosmetics as a skin whitening agent. In this study, we studied the possibility of nano-emulsion formation containing whitening agent, RS White, with different types of emulsifying agents. With Tween 80, 60, HCO 60 and 40 as a hydrophilic surfactants and Span 80 as ahydrophilic surfactant, nano-emulsions were formed at appropriate concentrations, but they were not formed in the system using the Myrj 52, Montanov L, and Tegocare 450 with Span 80. The diameter of nano-emulsion sphere was smaller than 100 nm. The emulsion showed a translucent appearance and maintained stability in stability evaluation with time. In vitro skin permeation experiments showed that amounts of skin permeated nano-emulsion for 24 h were $70.84{\mu}g/cm^2$ and those of O/W emulsion were $28.97{\mu}g/cm^2$. In conclusion, a stable nano-emulsion containing the resorcinol bis-ethylhexanoate is effective for potential efficacy system as an efficient delivery system of the functional materials into skin.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.507-512
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• 2005

When carbon electrode is used as an anode in Li ion battery, passivation film forms on the electrode surface during the initial charge process due to so called Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). The passivation film formed by solvent decomposition during the initial charge process affects charge/discharge capacity. In this paper, 1 M $LiPF_6,EC:DEC$ (1 : 1, volume ratio) electrolyte with $Li_2CO_3$, at various temperatures, the electrochemical characteristics of passivation film formed on Kawasaki Mesophase Fine Carbon electrode surface were investigated by using chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. Experimental observations indicated that as solvent decomposition occurred, the decomposition voltage was strongly dependent on ionic conductivity, which was low in the process at low temperature. The impedance of passivation film formed during the initial charge process, were dependent on the temperature.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2014

This paper introduces the inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging technique for rear view target of an automobile, which uses both linear frequency modulation-frequency shift keying(LFM-FSK) waveform and monopulse tracking. LFM-FSK waveform consists of two sequential stepped frequency waveforms with some frequency offset, and thus, can be used to generate ISAR images of rear view target of an automobile. However, ISAR images can often be blurred due to non-uniform change rate of relative aspect angle between radar and target. In order to address this problem, one-dimensional(1-D) Lagrange interpolation technique in conjunction with angle information obtained from the monopulse tracking is applied to generate uniform data across the radar's aspect angle. Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide focused ISAR images.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1997

Distribution of pine needle gall midge infestations was analyzed from data collected in young Japanese red pine stands during 1992, and 1995-1996 in Kangwon-do. No significant differences in percentages of infested needle pairs were found among trees and between terminal and lateral shoots within a tree. However, the mean percentages of infested needle pairs increased significantly from the lower crown to the upper. Percentages of infested needle pairs on sample units, consisting 1 terminal and 2 lateral shoots, in the midcrown were best predictors of whole-tree percentages than were other crown levels. Therefore, a sample unit consisting of 1 terminal shoot and 2 lateral shoots per branch were fixed from the midcrown level. Number of tree and sample unit combinations needed to estimate pine needle gall midge infestations with given two levels of precision were determined.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.63-66
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• 1969

The purification methods of bacterial protease have been published by many workers, especially by the using of ion exchange resins. But in the practical application to obtain a comparatively purified enzyme, the known methods do not give always a satisfiable results. Here we developed an industrially applicable method for purification of bacterial protease with the using of tannin. By the adaptation of the optimal conditions of this method on the purification, a 150000 unit/g. (Fuld Gross unit) of protease sample could obtained.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 1998

The internal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with beet curly top virus (BCTV) were studied by light microscopy. Hyperplasia was observed in the inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Sei-O at 2 weeks after BCTV-Logan inoculation and callus was induced on symptomatic tissues at 4 weeks after virus inoculation. The infection processes were revealed as follows: hyperplasia of phloem tissue, necrosis of hyperplastic phloems, lacuna formation of necrotic tissues, elongation and enlargement of cortex and epidermal cells surrounding the lacuna formed phloem tissues, induction of cell division in the enlarged cortex and epidermal cells, and induction of callus tissue. Callus formation on Arabidopsis was caused by the virus infection, and virus inclusion body was observed in both phloem and callus tissue by azure-A staining.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.31-36
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of cytokinins on the cotyledonary variability of somatic embryos in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance., somatic embryos were induced from the immature zygotic embryo on MS medium containing 1.0mg/l 2, 4-D, and then transferred to 2,4-D-free and cytokinin-added medium for somatic embryogenesis after 4weeks culture. Polycotyledonary embryos were formed most abundantly(84.9%) on the 0.2mg/l BA medium as compared with the 0.2mg/l 2ip(42.6%) and kinetin(32.9%) media, and it was proportional to BA concentrations(0.01~0.1mg/l). The rate of polycotyledonary embryo formation increased proportional to the period of BA treatment and also increased more at the globular stage than at the heart, torpedo-shaped and cotyledonary stages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.754-768
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze how financial and commercial space in Jeonju had changed after Japanese rule. The biggest local bank was located near the Chungangdong post office in Taisyoudoori and the other bank facilities were located near the Jeonrabuk-do provincial office and Nammun market. Periodic markets and permanent stores were major commercial activities in Jeonju. Many stores and commercial companies established by many Chosun merchants near Nammun markets. Chosun commercial companies were superior to Japanese commercial companies in both number and capital scale. Japanese commercial companies were concentrated on Taisyoudoori(Jungang Road). Commercial activities in Jeonju were segregated by ethnic group. Financial and commercial activities were concentrated on Taisyoudoori and Ekimaedoori(Nammun Road).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

도시화는 현대사회의 가장 큰 특징이며 도시가 성장하면서 과거의 기능이 변화하고 도시내부의 공간구조가 점차 기능적으로 분화하는 경향이 있다. 그 중 가장 주목할 만한 것 중의 하나는 주거지역의 입지변화와 공간적 확산과정에서 나타나는 주거지 분화현상이다. 도시생태학자 Hoyt은 주거지 이동패턴에 대하여 도시 내의 주거지분포 패턴을 결정짓는 핵심적인 요인으로 최고지대를 지불할 수 있는 부유층의 주거입지 선택에 따라 전체 도시의 계층별 주거분포가 영향을 받게 된다고 주장하였다. 서울은 소규모로 계획된 역사도시에서 인구 1000만의 대도시로 성장하여 오면서 많은 구조적 변화를 경험하여 현재의 공간구조를 이루게 되었다. 현재 전체 서울의 주택지는 동일한 것이 아니고 각종 주위환경에 따른 성격과 특성을 달리하는 요소로 구성되어 있다. 이 특성을 달리하는 주택지들이 모여서 각기 상이한 역할을 수행하고 서로 기능적 관계를 맺으면서 주택지를 형성하고 있다. 선형이론(Hoyt's Sector theory)에 따르면 고급주택지역의 도시 공간구조에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다고 주장하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 서울의 고급주택지역의 분포와 그 입지 특성에 관한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울시 고급주택지역의 분포를 형성하는 원인을 규명하는데 있다. 고급주택지의 지역적 분포를 파악하여 그 입지 성향과 특성을 알게 되면 도시의 토지이용계획, 특히 주거지계획에 도움이 될 수 있다.