• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 1995

The present paper is devoted to constructing a numerical algorithm for solving un steady problems on generation, propagation and interaction of nonlinear waves at a surface of ideal fluid, within the framework of the potential-flow model. The numerical scheme is implicit. with non-linearity iteration at every step of time. the finite-difference method with boundary-fitted coordinates are presented in favor for validity and high efficiency of the numerical model developed. Among these arguments, there are the results of calculations of two test problems-on stretching of a liquid ellipse and on wave generation by lifting a portion of a bottom.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4516-4521
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• 2014

Digital watermarking for digital image authentication and integrity schemes are based on fragile watermarking and can detect any modifications in a watermark embedded image by comparing the embedded watermark with the regenerated watermark. Therefore, the digital watermark for image authentication and integrity should be erased easily when the image is changed by digital image processing, such as scaling or filtering etc. This paper proposes an effective tamper detection scheme for digital images. In the proposed scheme, the original image was divided into many non-overlapping $2{\times}2$ blocks. The digital watermark was divided into two LSB of each block and the image distortion was imperceptible to the human eye. The watermark extraction process can be used to determine if the watermarked image has been tampered. The experimental results successfully revealed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.217-229
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• 1994

A probabilistic method was employed to compare the prediction accuracy of axial and volumetric strains of Lade's double surface model with that of single surface model. Several experiments were conducted to examine the variabilities of soil parameters for two models using Back-ma river sand. Mean values and standard deviations of soil parameters obtained from experimental data were used for the evaluation of the uncertainty of analyzed strains by the first order approximation. It is shown that the variabilities of parameters in the single surface model are more consistent than those of the double surface model. However, in the accuracy of axial strain by probabilistic analysis, double surface model is more stable than single surface model. It is also shown that two models are excellent in view of the accuracy of the volumetric strain. The method given in this paper may be effectively utilized to estimate the constitutive model because other results of the comparison of two models coincide with those of this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2009

The sharp indenters such as Berkovich and conical indenters have a geometrical self-similarity in theory, but different materials have the same load-depth curve in case of single indentation. In this study, we analyze the load-depth curves of conical indenter with angles of indenter via finite element method. From FE analyses of dual-conical indentation test, we investigate the relationships between indentation parameters and load-deflection curves. With numerical regressions of obtained data, we finally propose indentation formulae for material properties evaluation. The proposed approach provides stress-strain curve and the values of elastic modulus, yield strength and strain-hardening exponent with an average error of less than 2%. It is also discussed that the method is valid for any elastically deforming indenters made of tungsten carbide and diamond for instance. The proposed indentation approach provides a substantial enhancement in accuracy compared with the prior methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.444-444
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• 2013

변형 다중양자우물은 전자 소자와 광전자 소자에 응용할 수 있는 가능성 때문에 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 합성 물질들의 초격자를 연속적으로 증착, 성장하는 디지털 합금은 다중양자우물을 활용한 광전자 소자에서 응용가치가 상당히 높다. 현재 디지털 합금을 이용한 다중양자우물의 성장과 관련한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고, 특히 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물은 광전자 소자로서의 응용가치가 부각되고 있다. 그러나 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 성장 및 광학적 성질에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나, InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 변형효과를 고려한 전자적 성질에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에 대한 전자적 성질의 연구는 광소자의 성능 향상을 위해 매우 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 합금 성장 방법으로 형성한 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 부띠 사이 천이와 전자 분포를 고찰하였다. 온도에 따른 광루미네센스의 측정을 통해 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서 나타나는 부띠 사이의 천이를 관찰하였다. 가변 메시 유한 차분법을 이용한 이산적 모델을 통해 변형효과가 다중양자우물 구조에서 부띠에 주는 영향을 조사하였다. 격자의 불일치로 인한 변형 효과와 8-band envelope function approximation을 고려한 슈뢰딩거 방정식을 사용하여 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 전자 부띠 에너지와 에너지 파동 함수를 계산하였다. 계산한 부띠 사이 천이 에너지와 광루미네센스 측정에서 보인 엑시톤 천이 에너지를 비교하였을 때, 작은 차이 값이 나타났다. 증착과정에서의 이종접합사이에서 발생하는 불확실성을 고려한다면 이 차이 값은 오차범위 안에 포함되며, 계산 값과 실험 값이 잘 일치하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2006

In this study, the deformation oi wall thinning elbow is measured and the position of the internal thinning defect is found out by shearography. Shearography is an optical method which has applied to nondestructive testing (NDT) and the strain/stress and deformation analysis. This technique has the merit of the directly measuring the first derivative of displacement with sensitivity which can be adjusted by handling the tilt mirror in the interferometer. In this paper, we tested carbon steel pipe locally wall thinned and loaded internal pressure and the shearography was applied to measure the out-of-plane deformation of wall thinning elbow and to investigate the internal thinning defect of it. From the results, it was confirmed that this technique is proper to the practical application on the pipe line system with internal defect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• 제9권3호통권32호
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• pp.401-419
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• 1997

In this paper the kinematics of damage for finite strain, elasto-plastic deformation is introduced using the fourth-order damage effect tensor through the concept of the effective stress within the framework of continuum damage mechanics. In the absence of the kinematic description of damage deformation leads one to adopt one of the following two different hypotheses for the small deformation problems. One uses either the hypothesis of strain equivalence or the hypotheses of energy equivalence in order to characterize the damage of the material. The proposed approach in this work provides a general description of kinematics of damage applicable to finite strains. This is accomplished by directly considering the kinematics of the deformation field and furthermore it is not confined to small strains as in the case of the strain equivalence or the strain equivalence approaches. In this work, the damage is described kinematically in both the elastic domain and plastic domain using the fourth order damage effect tensor which is a function of the second-order damage tensor. The damage effect tensor is explicitly characterized in terms of a kinematic measurure of damage through a second-order damage tensor. Two kinds of second-order damage tensor representations are used in this work with respect to two reference configurations.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

Time Domain Refletometry, or TDR, is a remote sensing electrical measurement technique that has been used for many years to determine the spatial location and nature of various objects, especially in the United States of America and Australia at mining industry. Since early on 1990, the TDR techniques have been applied to the geotechnical engineering such as : deformation measurement of rock slope and landslide, monitoring of ground water content and ground water level change, investigation of ground contamination and its movement. The first application of this technique, in 1996, to the domestic area is to determine the possibility of ground settlement caused by subsidence from abandoned underground mines at the Tongri and Gosari in Gangwon-d. In this paper, through the results of analysed deformation data between conventional measurements and the TDR, it was concluded that the TDR technique is a useful instrumentation method for the prediction of ground deformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.383-383
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• 2012

전자소자 및 광전소자의 최적화 조건을 확립하기 위해 반도체 나노양자구조의 물리적 현상에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 반도체 양자세선은 일차원 구조의 기초 물리 특성 관찰과 소자로서의 응용 가치가 높다. 양자세선을 사용한 단전자 트랜지스터, 공명터널 다이오드, 발광다이오드, 광탐지기 및 레이저 소자 제작과 관련한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 나노양자구조들 중에서 양자우물과 양자점에 대한 실험적 및 이론적 연구가 많이 진행되었으나, 복잡한 공정 과정과 물리적 이론의 복잡함으로 양자세선에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하다. 양자세선을 이용한 전자소자와 광전소자의 효율을 증진하기 위해서는 양자세선의 전자적 성질에 대한 연구가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 InAs/InP 양자세선에 대한 기저상태와 여기상태의 전하분포, 부띠천이 및 전자적 성질을 고찰하였다. 가변 메시 유한 차분법을 이용하여 양자세선의 이산적 모델을 확립하여 변형효과가 양자세선 구조에서 부띠에 영향을 주는지 조사하였다. 변형효과와 비포물선효과를 고려한 슈뢰딩거 방정식을 사용하여 변형 포텐셜을 계산하였으며 양자세선의 포텐셜 변화를 관찰하였다. 양자세선의 포텐셜 변화에 따라 전하구속분포, 에너지 준위 및 파동 함수를 계산하였다. 기저상태의 부띠 간에 발생하는 천이와 여기상태의 부띠 간에 발생하는 부띠 간의 엑시톤 천이 에너지 값을 계산하였다. 계산한 부띠 에너지 천이 값이 광루미네센스로 측정한 엑시톤 천이와 잘 일치하였다. 이 결과는 양자세센의 이차원적인 전자적 구조를 이해하고 양자세선을 사용하여 제작된 전자소자 및 광전소자의 전자적 성질을 연구하는데 도움을 주며, 저전력 나노양자소자를 제작하는 기초지식을 제공하는 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Several damages due to large displacement caused by liquefaction have been reported increasingly. Numerical procedures based on effective stress analysis are therefore necessary to predict liquefaction-induced deformation. In this paper, the fully coupled effective stress model called UBCSAND is proposed to simulate pore pressure rise due to earthquake or repeated loadings. The proposed model is a modification of the simple perfect elasto-plactic Mohr-Coulomb model, and can simulate a continuous yielding by mobilizing friction and dilation angles below failure state. Yield function is defined as the ratio of shear stress to mean normal stress. It is radial lines on stress space and has the same shape of Mohr-Columob failure envelope. Plastic hardening is based on an isotropic and kinematic hardening rule. The proposed model always causes plastic deformation during loading and reloading but it predicts elastic unloading. It is verified by capturing direct simple shear tests on loose Fraser River sand.