• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

To investigate the enhancement in strength and deformation capacities of concrete confined by FRP composites, tests under axial loads were carried out on three groups of thirty six short columns in circular section with diverse GFRP confining reinforcement. The major test variables considered include fiber content or orientation, wrap or tube type by varying the end loading condition, and continuous or discontinuous confinement depending on the presence of vortical spices between its two halves. The circumferential FRP strains at failure for different types of confinements were also investigated with emphasis. Various analytical models capable of predicting the ultimate strength and strain of the confined concrete were examined by comparing to observed results. Tests results showed that FRP wraps or tubes provide the substantial increase in strength and deformation, while partial wraps comprising the vertical discontinuities fail in an explosive manner with less increase in strength, particularly in deformation. A bilinear stress-strain response was observed throughout all tests with some variations of strain hardening. The failure hoop strains measured on the FRP surface were less than those obtained from the tensile coupons in all tests with a high degree of variation. In overall, existing predictive equations overestimated ultimate strengths and strains observed in present tests, with a much larger scatter related to the latter. For more accuracy, two simple design- oriented equations correlated with present tests are proposed. The strength equation was derived using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, whereas the strain equation was based on entirely fitting of test data including the unconfined concrete strength as one of governing factors.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.945-950
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• 2001

Vacuum interrupters that is used in various switchgear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spreads the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrode of vacuum interrupters is used sintered Cu-Cr material satisfied with good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Because the closing velocity is 1-3m/s, the deformation of the material of electrodes depends on the strain rate and the dynamic behavior of the sintered Cu-Cr material is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at the high strain-rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test using cylinder type specimens. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests with the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook equation as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of electrodes. To evaluate impact characteristic of a vacuum interrupter, simulation is carried out with five parameters such as initial velocity, added mass of a movable electrode, wipe spring constant, initial offset of a wipe spring and virtual fixed spring constant.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

This paper introduces a newly developed high speed material testing apparatus for tensile tests at the strain rate up to 500/sec. The tensile properties of sheet metals are indispensable for the accurate crashworthiness analysis of auto-bodies since the local strain rate reaches to 500/sec in the car crash. An appropriate experimental method has to be developed to acquire the tensile properties at the intermediate strain rate ranged from 0.003/sec to 200/sec. Tensile tests of various different steel sheets for an auto-body were perform ed to obtain the dynamic properties with respect to the strain rate. The dimensions of specimens that can provide the reasonable results were determined by the finite element analysis. A special jig fixture of a load cell is designed to reduce the load ringing phenomenon induced by unstable stress propagation at the high strain rate. Stress-strain curves were acquired for each steel sheet from the dynamic tensile test and utilized to obtain the relationship of the stress to the strain rate.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.12b
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• pp.382-384
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• 2011

최근 오일샌드, 극지유전, 심해저자원 등 극한지 자원개발이 활발해짐에 따라 수요가 증대되고 있는 극한지용 내마식 소재는 내마식성과 함께 저온 인성이 요구되고 있다. 철계 합금에서 관찰되는 변형유기 마르텐사이트 상변태는 입자의 충돌에 의한 충격을 흡수하고 소재의 표면을 가공경화시켜 내마식성 향상 및 저온 인성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있지만 합금조성의 정교한 제어가 필요하기 때문에 오버레이 용접에 적용하기 위해서는 모재와의 희석률을 제어하는 방안이 필요하다. 용접플럭스 설계기술은 용접시 금속이행모드, 용융풀 거동 등과 같은 용접현상 제어를 통해 오버레이 용접재료의 용접성과 용접비드형상, 용접부 희석률을 최적화할 수 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 내마식 고인성 오버레이 용접재료의 개발을 위해 다양한 용접플럭스를 첨가한 메탈코어드 와이어를 제조하고 일정 송급속도에서 GMA 용접시 용접전압과 용접전류 간의 관계를 분석하여 용접플럭스가 아크현상 및 희석률에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.352-355
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• 2007

Polycrystalline materials such as steels(BCC) and aluminum alloys(FCC) show the strain hardening and the strain rate hardening during the plastic deformation. The strain hardening is induced by deformation resistance of dislocation glide on some crystallographic systems and increase of the dislocation density on grain boundaries or inner grain. However, the phenomenon of the strain rate hardening is not demonstrated distinctly. In this paper, tensile tests for various strain rates are performed in the rage of $10^{-2}$ to $10^2s^{-1}$ then, specimens are extracted on the same strain position to investigate the microscopic behavior of deformed materials. The extracted specimen is investigated by using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results which contain grain size, grain shape, aspect ratio and dislocation substructure.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2012

The effects of temperature on the structural behavior of polar class vessels have been experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments were carried out on single frame structures made of steel material, DH36, which is used for outer shell of the vessels making transit through the polar region. A knife edge type striker was dropped down onto single frame structures. The temperatures of the single frames were set to $-30^{\circ}C$, $-50^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. The deflection around the mid-point of the single frame was measured and numerically simulated using finite element model. Strain rate effect on the structural behavior has been investigated and turned out that the strain rate effect can be neglected. From the results of the experiment and numerical analyses, it has been noticed that the permanent deflection at lower temperature was reduced due to a temperature hardening of material as expected.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined use of several types of silicone polymers on the physical properties of the dental polyvinylsiloxane impression materials (PVS). Four types of silicone prepolymers having different molecular weight and vinyl group position, and two types of cross-linkers having differently located silyl hydride functional groups were used in various combinations for the formulation. The samples containing bimodal or trimodal prepolymers showed higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic deformation than those containing only one type of prepolymer. The samples using CR210 cross-linker which has side- and terminal-silyl hydride groups showed higher elastic deformation and elongation at break than those using CR101 cross-liker which has side-only silyl hydride group. High vinyl content prepolymer having side vinyl group delayed setting even though it enhanced tensile strength. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific role of this component on setting time and to find appropriate controlling methods for making improved PVS with optimum workability.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.924-931
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• 2002

Vacuum interrupters in order to be used in various switch-gear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spread the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrodes of vacuum interrupters are made of sinter-forged Cu-Cr materials for good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Since the closing velocity is 1-2m/s and impact deformation of the electrode depends on the strain rate at that velocity, the dynamic behavior of the sinter-forged Cu-Cr is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at the high strain rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test using disc-type specimens. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests are Interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of the electrodes. The impact characteristics of a vacuum interrupter are investigated with computer simulations by changing the value of five parameters such as the initial velocity of a movable electrode, the added mass of a movable electrode, the wipe spring constant, initial offset of a wipe spring and the virtual fixed spring constant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.516-522
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• 2002

For the experimental study of rotor steel, seven kind of specimens with different degradation levels were prepared by isothermal heat treatment at $630^{\circ}C$. Spherical indentation technique was developed to evaluate the flow properties of metallic materials in carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloys, etc. Through the spherical indentation test, differently degraded 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel's mechanical properties were observed and compared with conventional standard test data. The flow properties of 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel's were estimated by analyzing the indentation load-depth curve. To characterize the flow property, we used material yield slope and constraint factor index rather than strain-hardening exponent because the variation of strain-hardening exponent was very little and the data showed irregularly. And the constraint factor's effect was small when the material yield slope was taken into account.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2008

Polycrystalline materials such as steels(BCC) and aluminum alloys(FCC) show the strain hardening and the strain rate hardening during the plastic deformation. The strain hardening is induced by deformation resistance of dislocation glide on some crystallographic systems and increase of the dislocation density on grain boundaries or inner grain. However, the phenomenon of the strain rate hardening is not demonstrated distinctly in the rage of $10^{-2}$ to $10^2/sec$ strain rate. In this paper, tensile tests for various strain rates are performed in the rage of $10^{-2}$ to $10^2/sec$ then, specimens are extracted on the same strain position to investigate the microscopic behavior of deformed materials. The extracted specimens are investigated by using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results which show the effect of texture orientation, grain size and dislocation behavior on the strain rate hardening.