• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.410-415
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• 2005

Recently, most of the speaker verification systems are based on the pattern recognition approach method. And performance of the pattern-classifier depends on how to classify a variety of speakers' feature parameters. In order to classify feature parameters efficiently and effectively, it is of great importance to enlarge variations between speakers and effectively measure distances between feature parameters. Therefore, this paper would suggest the positively mixed model scheme that can enlarge inter-speaker variation by searching the individual model with world model at the same time. During decision procedure, we can maximize inter-speaker variation by using the proposed mixed model scheme. We also make use of a symbol probability weighting function in this system so as to reduce vector quantization errors by measuring symbol probability derived from the distance rate of between the world codebook and individual codebook. As the result of our experiment using this method, we could halve the Detection Cost Function (DCF) of the system from $2.37\%\;to\;1.16\%$.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

Digital watermarking is a technology for preventing illegal copying, for protecting intellectual property rights and copyrights, and for suggesting grounds of the ownership by inserting watermarks into digital contents. Generally speaking, watermarking techniques cannot escape from data distortion and quality degradation due to the watermark insertion. In order to overcome the shortcoming, zero-watermarking techniques which do not change the original data have been proposed recently. This paper proposes CSMVQ(Chaotic SMVQ), a zero-watermarking system for SMVQ(Side Match Vector Quantization) which shows better compression ratio and quality and less blocking effect than VQ(Vector Quantization). In SMVQ, compression progresses from left top to right bottom in order to use the information of the two neighbor blocks, so it is impossible to insert watermarks chaotically. In the process of encoding, CSMVQ dynamically considers the information of the (1 to 4) neighbor blocks already encoded. Therefore, watermark can be inserted into digital contents in chaotic way. Experimental results show that the image quality compressed by CSMVQ is better than that of SMVQ and the inserted watermark is robust against some common attacks.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1123-1133
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• 2012

This study configuration Vector Control System which is stable and has outstanding Dynamic Characteristics in Very Low Speed Region and Low Speed Region, and proposes Instantaneous Speed Observer and Very Low Speed Control method and vector control system of the speed estimation a using Reduced-Dimensional State Observer. The Observer proposed in this system, by appling Reduced-Dimensional State Observer to Load-Torque estimation and using for speed estimation, implements system composition simply and is capable of accurate Instantaneous Speed estimation in Very Low Speed Region. Also, this study reduces influence by System Noise and suggests an induction motor speed control system which is effective in Load Disturbance, modeling error, estimation noise and so on without changing pole of an Observer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.337-343
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• 2014

This paper proposes a minimal contour tracking algorithm that reduces transmission of data for tracking mobile objects in surveillance networks in terms of detection and communication load. This algorithm perform detection for object tracking and when it transmit image data to server from camera, it minimized communication load by reducing quantity of transmission data. This algorithm use minimal tracking area based on the kinematics of the object. The modeling of object's kinematics allows for pruning out part of the tracking area that cannot be mechanically visited by the mobile object within scheduled time. In applications to detect an object in real time,when transmitting a large amount of image data it is possible to reduce the transmission load.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

Many reported methods assume that the people in an image or an image sequence have been identified and localization. People detection is one of very important variable to affect for the system's performance as the basis technology about the detection of other objects and interacting with people and computers, motion recognition. In this paper, we present an efficient linear discriminant for multi-view people detection. Our approaches are based on linear discriminant. We define training data with fisher Linear discriminant to efficient learning method. People detection is considerably difficult because it will be influenced by poses of people and changes in illumination. This idea can solve the multi-view scale and people detection problem quickly and efficiently, which fits for detecting people automatically. In this paper, we extract people using fisher linear discriminant that is hierarchical models invariant pose and background. We estimation the pose in detected people. The purpose of this paper is to classify people and non-people using fisher linear discriminant.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.509-525
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the index structure based on a vector approximation for efficiently supporting the similarity search of multi-dimensional data. The proposed index structure splits a region with the space partition method and allocates to the split region dynamic bits according to the distribution of data. Therefore, the index structure splits a region to the unoverlapped regions and can reduce the depth of the tree by storing the much region information of child nodes in a internal node. Our index structure represents the child node more exactly and provide the efficient search by representing the region information of the child node relatively using the region information of the parent node. We show that our proposed index structure is better than the existing index structure in various experiments. Experimental results show that our proposed index structure achieves about $40\%$ performance improvements on search performance over the existing method.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.718-727
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• 2022

The Korean domestic cartoon industry has grown explosively by 65% compared to the previous year. Then the market size is expected to exceed KRW 1 trillion. However, excessive work results in health deterioration. Moreover, this working environment makes the production of human resources insufficient, repeating a vicious cycle. Although some tasks require creation activity during cartoon production, there are still a lot of simple repetitive tasks. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method for creating a character pose through human pose estimation (HPE). The HPE is to detect key points for each joint of a user. The primary role of the proposed method was to make each joint of the character match that of the human. The proposed method enabled us to create the pose of the two-dimensional cartoon character through the results. Furthermore, it was possible to save the static image for one character pose and the video for continuous character pose.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1418-1426
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• 2009

There has been a lot of interest in an effective method for background subtraction in an effort to separate foreground objects from a predefined background image. Promising results on background subtraction using statistical methods have recently been reported are robust enough to operate in dynamic environments, but generally require very large computational resources and still have difficulty in obtaining clear segmentation of objects. We use a simple running-average method to model a gradually changing background, instead of using a complicated statistical technique. We employ a single global threshold vector, optimized by a genetic algorithm, instead of pixel-by-pixel thresholds. A new fitness function is defined and trained to evaluate segmentation result. The system has been implemented on a PC with a webcam, and experimental results on real images show that the new method outperforms an existing method based on a mixture of Gaussian.

• 전기의세계
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 1980

이 논문은 제어신호가 이상적인 포화특성을 갖은 제작조건하의 시불변, 선형 제어계의 시최적화 제어기구의 설계이론을 비교 연구하는데 목적을 두었다. 어떤 초기상태에 있는 계를 특정된 최종상태로, 최단시간내에 이행시켜 가는데 요구되는 제어기구의 설계문제는 여러해 동안 흥미있는 연구과제로 학계에 등장되었고 이러한 문제를 처리하는데에는 여러가지의 설계방법이 제안되어 왔다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 최적화 제어기구의 설계 이론중, 상태천이법에 의한 방법, 최대원리의 적용에 의한 방법 및 동적 프로그래밍기법에 의한 방법들을 서로 비교하여 2차계의 시최적화 설계사례에 이들을 적용시킴으로써 그 설계법상의 문제점을 비교 검토하여 보려는데 목적을 두었다. 설계사례 2차계는 시불변, 선형인 것으로 가정하였으며, 초기상태벡터 및 최종상태벡터는 모두 특정된 값으로 지정되고 제어신호는 이상적인 포화특성으로 제약받으며 스윗칭 시간이 유한크기가 아닌 정규형인 경우에 한정시켜 다루었다. 어느 설계이론을 적용시키나 시최적화를 위한 제어측은 단속제어방식으로 결과되었으나, 시최적화 문제의 특수성때문에 최대원리 및 동적 프로그래밍기법의 적용사례에서는 자연경계조건 및 Transversality 조건 등이 스윗칭시간 또는 최종시간을 직접 결정하여 주는 관건은 되지 못하였으며 계통의 상태방정식 또는 보조상태방정식을 구속제약된 양단상태량을 만족하도록 최적에어측을 적용하여 풀므로써 스윗칭시간과 최종시간이 얻어진다. 따라서 어느 한가지 방법의 적용만으로는 수학적인 처리상의 애로는 피할길이 없었으며 Hamiltonian함수의 변화성질을 보조적으로 활용하여 가면 이러한 번거로움이 덜하여 지긴하나, 다루는 계통의 차수가 높을 수록 이러한 수치해를 얻기위한 번거로움은 여간한 험로가 아닌 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 이러한 시최적화문제의 설계에는 몇가지의 혼용적용이 바람직하다고 결론된다. 이의 개발에 박차를 가하지 않을 수 없는 것이다.고, 우선 여기서는 당면문제로서 대처하지 않으면 안될 자동주파수제어문제및 계통의 경제운용문제만에 한정하여, 이것을 우리나라의 현상과 관련시켜 개설하고, 이들의 자동화에 관한 기본적인 문제를 간단히 적어 보겠다. 가능하다. 제작완료된 ASIC은 기능시험을 완료했으며 실제 line-of-sight(LOS) 시스템 구현에 적용중이다. 시대를 살아 갈 회원들이다. '컨텐츠의 시대'가 개막되는 것이며, 신세기통신과 SK텔레콤은 선의의 경쟁 과 협력을 통해 이동인터넷 서비스의 컨텐츠를 개발해 나가게 될 것이다. 3배가 높았다. 효소 활성에 필수적인 물의 양에 따른 DIAION WA30의 라세미화 효율에 관하여 실험한 결과, 물의 양이 증가할수록 그 효율은 감소하였다. DIAION WA30을 라세미화 촉매로 사용하여 아이소옥탄 내에서 라세믹 나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터의 효소적 DKR 반응을 수행해 보았다. 그 결과 DIAION WA30을 사용하지 않은 경우에 비해 반응 전환율과 생성물의 광학 순도는 급격히 향상되었다. 전통적 광학분할 반응의 최대 50%라는 전환율의 제한이 본 연구에서 찾은 DIAION WA30을 첨가함으로써 성공적으로 극복되었다. 또한 고체 염기촉매인 DIAION WA30의 사용은 라세미화 촉매의 회수 및 재사용이 가능하게 해준다.해준다.다. TN5 세포주를 0.2 L 규모 (1 L spinner flask)oJl에서 세포간의 응집현상 없이 부유배양에 적응,배양시킨 후 세포성장 시기에 따른 발현을 조사한 결과 1 MOI의 감염조건 하에서는 $0.6\times10^6$cell/mL의 early exponential시기의 세포밀도에서 72시간 배양하였을 대 최대 발현양을 나타내었다. 나타내었다. $\beta$4 integrin의

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.249-277
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential contribution of citation metrics to improving the search performance of citation index databases. To this end, the study generated ten queries in the field of library and information science and conducted experiments based on the relevance assessment using 3,467 documents retrieved from the Web of Science and 60,734 documents published in 85 SSCI journals in the field of library and information science from 2000 to 2021. The experiments included re-ranking of the top 100 search results using citation metrics and search methods, query expansion experiments using vector space model retrieval systems, and the construction of a citation-based re-ranking system. The results are as follows: 1) Re-ranking using citation metrics differed from Web of Science's performance, acting as independent metrics. 2) Combining query term frequencies and citation counts positively affected performance. 3) Query expansion generally improved performance compared to the vector space model baseline. 4) User-based query expansion outperformed system-based. 5) Combining citation counts with suitability documents affected ranking within top suitability documents.