• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2022

Life table-related studies in insect ecology have been an interesting topic for insect researchers. Two calculation methods are commonly applied to estimate the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) in the life table statistics. The first method is to estimate an approximate r_m by dividing the natural logarithm of the net reproductive rate (R₀) by mean generation time (T) (namely mean generation time-based method). Another approach is to apply the Lotka-Euler equation derived from the population growth equation of Lotka-Volterra to estimate accurate r_m using the maximum likelihood method (Lotka-Euler equation-based method). In the latter case, there is a difference in the estimated r_m value when the initial age class of the target cohort was set to "0" or "1", which confused the application. In this short review, a brief history of the calculation process of the life table was reviewed. It was again confirmed in the Lotka-Euler equation-based method that the form of $\sum\limits_{x=1}^{w}e^{-rx}l_xm_x=1$ should be applied to estimate r_m when the first age class was set to zero, while the form of $\sum\limits_{x=0}^{w}e^{-r(x+1)}l_xm_x=1$ when set to one.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2022

This study investigated field data to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of pollinating insects and buckwheat flowers. We set the in-situ observation sites in different locations to get altitude and cropping system distribution data for five years (2016 to 2020) in Korea. Twenty-five different insect species, belonging to 8 orders, were recorded. Over the past five years, species from the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera were the principal visitors. Hymenoptera was mainly represented by honey bees (Apis cerana), while Diptera was represented by bean seed fly (Delia platura) and several other species. Some bees and other Hymenoptera species could, however, act as co-pollinators because of their high relative frequency and activity. Compared with open-field cultivation (conventional), the pollination mediating effect of flies and bees was superior in net house, so the yield was high, and it was also found to be slightly higher in the mixed treatment of flies and bees than in the single treatment. Based on the above results, flies and bees were found to be the most active pollinating insects in buckwheat and it is necessary to actively utilize the selected insects to improve buckwheat productivity. This relationship will be utilized in establishing the system of seed production on pollinating regulation of a primary plant.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.169-178
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• 1976

The concentration of amino acids, total nitrogen, trehalose, lipids and the activities of respiratory, acid$\cdot$alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalozcetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase during larval stage in Pine leaf gall midge, Thecodiplosis janensis Uchi. et Inouye were measured using Paper chromatographic method, micro-Kjeldahl method, Thin layer chromatographic method, Warburg's manometric method, Bessey-Lowry method and Reitman-Frankel method, respectively. Healthy specimens )yore chosen as samples of each larval stages; alrva in gall and larva in soil. Amino acids present in the alcoholic extracts were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, threonine, tryptophan and valine. The total nitrogen concentration reached to 31.348mg/g during the larva in gall and the larval stage in soil of the value was decreased to 29.027mg/g. The hemolymph sugar, trehalose value for larva in soil was about two times of the value for larva in gall. Total lipid, phospholipid,monoacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, sterol, free fatty acid and ester cholesterol were identified at larval stages in gall and soil. Triacylglycerol concentration reached high level in contrast with other lipid contents during larvae in gall and larva in soil. Free fatty acid, sterol except decreased lipids during larval stage in soil. Endogenous respiration, succinate of respiratory activities decreased at larval stage in soil compare with larva in gall. The activities of acid phosphatase decreased larval stage in soil but the activities of alkaline phosphatase increased remarkably. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase reached high level of the larva in gall.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to study effects of different bioassay methods on toxicity to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) ith six insecticides. For male adults, by dry film method, the {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} value of chlorpyrifos. fenvalerate, propoxur, permethin, DDVP, and hydramethylnon was 1.79, 1.87, 3.04, 4.37, 32.72, and 270.81 ppm, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. For male adults, by topical micro-application method, the {TEX}$LD_{50}${/TEX} value of DDVP and fenvalerate, chlorpyrifls, permethrin, propoxur, hydramethylnon was 2.63, 3.79, 4.51, 6.73, 44.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. From the diet toxicity method against male adults, the CT value (Concentration%$\times${TEX}$LT_{50}${/TEX}) showed that chlorpyrifos was rapid effective and hydramethylnon was residual effective.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.4 s.61
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• pp.215-220
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• 1984

Mulberry dwarf, paulownia witches' broom, jujube witches' broom, and sumach witches' broom are known to be associated with mycoplamalike organisms(MLO) in Korea. Simple microscopic detection of MLO infection in these plants was attempted. Periwinkle plant was also tested. Application of $0.2\%\;and\;0.4\%$ solution of Dienes' stain gave diagnoatic value for MLO-induced diseases of periwinkle and mulberry. Among the various plant parts examined, young herbaceous stem just below the apical part gave the best result. Density of staining reaction was proportional to disease severity. Longitudial sections were superior to transverse sections in confirming MLO infection by staining. Light source without blue filter was useful for increasing the color contrast between sieve tube and xylem vessel and for eliminating misinterpretation. Paulownia, jujube, and sumach samples gave no clear difference in staining reaction between healthy and diseased sections even when various modifications of Dienes' staining procedure were tried.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.77-81
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• 1969

The effects of submerged method. Zentmyer's drench method. pot test and field test with materials such as Carbamisol (ammonium methyldithiocarbamic acid $30\%$), NCS (ammonium N-methyldithiocarbamate$50\%$, Similuton(ethyl phenethynylmeroury $3.3\%$), Soill(N-ethylmercuric p-toluensulfonanilide $4\%$, Captan (N-trichloromethylthio-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydrophthalimide $80\%$), Difolatan(N-tetrachloroet-hylthio 4cyelohexeno-1,2-dicarboximide $80\%$, Grand(2, 3-dibromepropionitryl $20\%$, trichloronitroethylene $20\%$) and Calcium hydroxide upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber were studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1. According to submerged method, all the compounds tested were highly inhibitory to mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. cucumerinum except calcium hydroxide. But several compounds were no inhibitory to the causal fungus except Grand and Similuton, with Zentmyer's drench method. 2. Grand was the most effective fungicide for the control of cocumber Fusarium wilt in the pot test, and followed by Similuton and calcium hydroxide. The population of Fusarium oxysporm was markedly reduced when soil was treat with Grand compared with other chemicals. 3. Fungicidal effects upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber under the field experiment varied with the fungicides. Of the fungicides tested. Grand gave the best control, and followed by Difolatan.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.89-100
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• 1979

[ $\lceil$ ]한국산 명나방과(Pyralidae)에 관하여는 이미 필자(1976)에 의하여 언급된바와 같이 1889년 영국인 곤충학자 J.H. Leech가 처음으로 9종의 신종을 발표한데 이어 현재까지 300여종이 기록되어 왔다. 그러나 이들의 기록이 여러종류의 발표문에 산재해 있는 상태로 체계적인 정리가 이루어진바 없으며 학명뿐아니라 우리말 이름조차 갖가지로 쓰여지고 있어 곤충명 사용에 혼란이 야기되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 필자는 현재까지 발표되었던 종들을 조사하여 최근의 분류체계에 따라 학명 및 그들의 동의어(Synonym)를 정리함과 아울러 우리말 이름도 먼저 명명된 이름이나 또는 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 이름을 택하여 통일화하고 ( )안에 그 이명을 표시하였다. Evergestiinae(새들명나방아과, 신칭)은 현재까지는 주로 Pyraustinae(들명나방아과)에 포함되는 족(Tribe)으로 취급되어 왔으나 최근의 분류체계에 따라 독립된 아과로 취급하였다. 이들에 대해서는 Leech에 이어 일본인 Shibuya(1927년에 의하여 13종, 박세욱등 (1958, 1969)에 의하여 27종이 새로 기록되는등 1968년에 출판된 한국 동물명집 곤충편에는 94종이 수록되었다. 최근 필자(1976)에 의하여 우리나라 미기록종으로 발표된 24종과 기타 국내외의 문헌을 통한 기록의 근거를 기초로 작성된 이 목록에는 Evergestiinae에 1속 3종, Pyraustinae에 53속 123종이 포함되었으며 학명이 불분명하거나 채집의 근거가 불확실한 4종은 후미에 별도로 기재하였다. 분포란의 괄호안에 명시된 채집지는 필자에 의하여 채집 확인된 종들로서 그들의 표본은 농업기술연구소 곤충연구담당관실 표본실에 소장되어 있다. 다른 아과에 관하여는 정리가 완료되는대로 추후 발표할 예정이다.nemella hengsungica, Aphelenchoides besseyi 등으로 2아목 7과 11종이었다.는 내연가공한 옷생산에 사용되지 않는 것이 타당하겠다. 주아의 즙액에 의해서도 C. amaranticolor에 기계적 전염이 되었다. 7. C. amaranticolor 상에 계통분리된 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 내열성은 $65^{\circ}-70^{\circ}C$, 희석한계는 $10^{-}2-10^{-3}$, 그리고 보존한계는 2 일이었다. 8. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 순화는 2회의 분획원심과 Sephadex gel filtration에 의해서 가능했다. 9. 전자현미경하에서 관찰한 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 길이 1200-1225mu 폭 10-12mu의 사상이었다. 10. 혈청학적 미량침강 반응법에 의해 마늘잎에서뿐만 아니라 인편과 주아에서도 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 검정이 가능했다. 11. 우리나라 5개 지방에서 수집한 마늘 종구 150개와 주아 30개에 대해 혈청학적방법으로 마늘 모자이크 바이러스의 감염률을 조사한 결과 $100\%$의 감염률을 보였다. 12. 마늘 모자이크 바이러스와 크기가 근사한 Potato Virus X. Potato virus Y, Potato virus S, Potato virus M 등과의 혈청학적 유연관계를 조사한 바, 마늘 모자이크 바이러스는 이들과 구별되는 다른 바이러스라고 생각된다. 13. 마늘의 모자이크 감염주에서 단일계통으로 분리하여 본 실험에 사용한 바이러스는 마늘의 바이러스 무감염주를 얻을 수가 없기 때문에 직접 마늘잎에 접종해서 모자이크톤의 병원이라는 것을 확인할 수 없었지만, 검정식물상의 반응, 혈청학적반응, 전자현미경적 관찰등의 간접적인 조사 결과로 미루어 미인록의 마늘모자이크 바이러스라고 생각된다

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1975

This report was aimed to examine the status of raw silk quality and to come up with means of the good quality silk production by use of the statistical quality control method. The results obtained are as follow ： 1) The raw silk quality of size 20/22 denier was found to be 2A grade during the last five years. 2) In order to level up the silk grade, the better quality control is required especially in the average evenness and cleanness. 3) It was found that winding brakes and elongation of silk threads have been versed gradually through the period. 4) Larger variation was observed in cleanness control chart, but low evenness have stayed with in the desirable control range.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2022

Two major problems currently threaten human survival on Earth: climate change and the rapid aging of the population in developed countries. Climate change is a result of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere due to the increase in the use of fossil fuels owing to economic and transportation development. The rapid increase in the age of the population is a result of the rise in life expectancy due to the development of biomedical science and technology and the improvement of personal hygiene in developed countries. To avoid irreversible global climate change, it is necessary to quickly transition from the current fossil fuel-based economy to a zero-carbon renewable energy-based economy that does not emit GHGs. To achieve this goal, the dairy and livestock industry, which generates the most GHGs in the agricultural sector, must transition to using low-carbon emission production methods while simultaneously increasing consumers' preference for low-carbon diets. Although 77% of currently available arable land globally is used to produce livestock feed, only 37% and 18% of the proteins and calories that humans consume come from dairy and livestock farming and industry. Therefore, using edible insects as a protein source represents a good alternative, as it generates less GHG and reduces water consumption and breeding space while ensuring a higher feed conversion rate than that of livestock. Additionally, utilizing the functionality of medicinal insects, such as silkworms, which have been proven to have certain health enhancement effects, it is possible to develop functional foods that can prevent or delay the onset of currently incurable degenerative diseases that occur more frequently in the elderly. Insects are among the first animals to have appeared on Earth, and regardless of whether humans survive, they will continue to adapt, evolve, and thrive. Therefore, the use of various edible and medicinal insects, including silkworms, in industry will provide an important foundation for human survival and prosperity on Earth in the near future by resolving the current two major problems.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1993

Morphometric investigations of the leg characters of both sexes of brachypterous Korean N. lugens biotypes were made. Simple and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that the three N. lugens biotypes differed from one another. The amount of variation and segregation between and among the three biotype populations were approximated by the scatter plot diagrams based on the computed discriminant scores. The variables of leg characters provided the most significant segregations of three biotype populations, thus, categorizing the three biotypes as distinct intraspecific populations of N. lugens.