• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

설측음의 변이음에는 어두운 [l]과 밝은 [l]이 있다고 알려져 왔으나 최근 설측음의 변이음의 종류가 언어마다 다르다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영어 설측음 /l/이 음절 내 출현 위치에 따라 연구개음화의 실현 정도가 유의미하게 다른 변이음이 있는지 확인하기 위해 자연발화 음성 데이터베이스인 벅아이 코퍼스를 이용하였다. 먼저, 설측음의 음절 내 출현 위치에 따라 측정한 포만트 주파수를 비교한 결과 음절 내 모든 위치에서 유의미한 차이를 보이는 F2 주파수를 근거로 연구개음화 정도가 유의미하게 다른 변이음이 어두운 [l]과 밝은 [l] 이외에도 존재한다고 판단할 수 있었다. 또한 인접 모음의 후설성이 설측음의 연구개음화에 미치는 영향으로 인해 표준적인 어두운 [l]과 표준적인 밝은 [l] 이외의 변이음이 존재하는지 확인하기 위해 포만트 주파수를 측정하고 이에 대해 분산분석을 한 결과 음절 말 위치에서 연구개음화될 때에도 인접 모음이 후설모음인 경우 인접 모음이 전설모음인 경우와 비교했을 때 유의미하게 차이나는 F2 주파수를 보여 연구개음화되는 정도에 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 음절 초 위치에서 설측음이 실현될 경우에도 마찬가지로 인접 모음의 종류에 무관하게 모든 설측음이 음절 초 위치에서는 표준적인 밝은 [l]로 발음될 것이라고 예측했지만 실제 F2 주파수는 음절 말 위치에서 선행모음이 전설모음일 경우의 설측음과 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 이를 통해 음절 내의 위치뿐만 아니라 인접 모음의 후설성이 설측음의 연구개음화 정도에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다는 점을 확인할 수 있고, 이러한 논문의 결과는 설측음의 변이음의 종류가 언어마다 다르고 미국 영어의 경우 다양하게 나타난다는 주장에 대한 하나의 음성학적 근거로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to show how to convert the label files of the Buckeye Corpus of Spontaneous Speech [1] into Praat format and to introduce some of the Praat scripts that will enable linguists to study various aspects of spoken American English present in the corpus. During the conversion process, several types of errors were identified and corrected either manually or automatically by the use of scripts. The Praat script tools that have been developed can help extract from the corpus massive amounts of phonetic measures such as the VOT of plosives, the formants of vowels, word frequency information and speech rates that span several consecutive words. The script tools can extract additional information concerning the phonetic environment of the target words or allophones.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to assess the vowel property by examining the vowel duration of the American English vowles found in the Buckeye corpus[6]. The vowel durations were analyzed in terms of various linguistic factors including the number of syllables of the word containing the vowel, the location of the vowel in a word, types of stress, function versus content word, the word frequency in the corpus and the speech rate calculated from the three consecutive words. The findings from this work agreed mostly with those from earlier studies, but with some exceptions. The relationship between the speech rate and the vowel duration proved non-linear.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this work is to examine the voice onset times(VOTs) of the voiceless and voiced stops from the ten young male speakers of the Buckeye corpus[9]. The factors that are known to affect VOTs were also extracted, including the place of articulation, height of following vowels, location within word, presence of a preceding [s], status of the target word with respect to the content versus function word, presence of a syllabic stress, word frequency and speech rate. Findings from this work mostly agreed with those from earlier studies on English, but with some exceptions and new discoveries. We hope that this work can contribute to figuring out the nature and properties of the spontaneous speech of English.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to measure the first two vowel formants of the ten young female speakers from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech [1] automatically and then to analyze various potential factors that may affect the formant distribution of the eight peripheral vowels of English. The factors that were analyzed included the place of articulation, the content versus function word information, the syllabic stress information, the location in a word, the location in an utterance, the speech rate of the three consecutive words, and the word frequency in the corpus. The results indicate that the overall formant patterns of the female speakers were similar to those of earlier works. The effects of the factors on the realization of the two formants were also similar to those from the male speakers with minor differences.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to measure the first two vowel formants of the forty male and female speakers (twenty young vs. old male speakers and twenty young vs. old female speakers) from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech and to examine the vowel formant changes across two generations (younger vs. older). The results indicated that the vowel space of the younger generation (in their thirties or less) shifted to the lower left position compared to those of the older generation (in their forties or more) in both male and female speakers. When the results were compared to those of Peterson & Barney (1952), it appears that differences can be found in the size of the vowel spaces through time.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the voice onset time (VOT) of the English voiceless stops [p, t, k] found in the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech [1]. Three young female speakers were chosen for this study and their VOT values were semi-automatically extracted along with other factors. The factors used for the analysis were place of articulation, location in word, syllabic stress, content word or not, word frequency calculated from the corpus, and the speech rate expressed in syllables per second. Results showed that, for the three places of articulation of each speaker, all the factors had a statistically significant effect on the VOT values. This paper has significance in that the materials used for the analysis were from a corpus of spontaneous natural English speech.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

본 논문의 목적은 자연발화 음성 코퍼스를 대상으로 영어 무성 파열음 [p, t, k]과 한국어 격음 파열음 [p^h, t^h, k^h]의 조음위치 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보는 것이다. 프랏 스크립트를 이용하여 요인들은 자동 추출하였고, 판별분석을 통해 요인의 수를 점차 증가시켜가면서 무성 파열음의 예측 정확도를 계산하였다. 분석에 사용된 요인들은 개방파열, 파열 후 기식음과 모음 시작 부분의 운동량과 스펙트럼 기울기, 폐쇄구간과 VOT, 단어와 발화 내 위치, 마지막으로 직후 모음의 종류 등이었다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 요인의 수가 다섯 개까지 증가하는 경우 예측정확도가 최대로 증가하여 영어는 74.6%, 한국어는 66.4%를 나타내었다. 그러나 사실상의 최대값에 도달하는 데는 네 개의 요인으로도 충분하였고, 이들은 개방파열과 직후 모음의 운동량과 스펙트럼 기울기, 폐쇄구간과 VOT였다. 이는 무성파열음의 조음위치가 자신의 내부 요인들과 직후 모음의 영향을 동시에 받는다는 것을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to extract the vowel formants of the ten young male speakers from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech [1] and to analyze them in comparison to earlier works in terms of various phonetic factors that are expected to affect the realization of the formant distribution. The first two formant frequency values were automatically extracted with a Praat script along with such factors as the place of articulation, the content versus function word information, syllabic stress information, the location in a word, location in utterance, speech rate of three consecutive words, and the word frequency in the corpus. The results indicated that the formant patterns from the corpus were very different from those of earlier works although the overall pattern was similar and that the factors were strongly responsible for the realization of the two formants. The purpose of this paper is to extract the vowel formants of the ten young male speakers from the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech [1] and to analyze them in comparison to earlier works in terms of various phonetic factors that are expected to affect the realization of the formant distribution. The first two formant frequency values were automatically extracted with a Praat script along with such factors as the place of articulation, the content versus function word information, the syllabic stress information, the location in a word, the location in an utterance, the speech rate of the three consecutive words, and the word frequency in the corpus. The result indicated that the formant patterns from the corpus were very different from those of earlier works although the overall pattern was similar and that the factors were strongly responsible for the realization of the two formants.