• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.135-161
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• 2023

This study analyzed the research trends of COVID-19 research papers published in medical journals of Korea. Data were collected from 25 MEDLINE journals in 'Medicine and Pharmacy' studies and a total of 800 were selected. As a result of the study, authors from domestic affiliations made up 76.96% of the total, and the proportion of authors from foreign institutions decreased without significant change. The authors' majors were 'Internal Medicine' (32.85%), 'Preventive Medicine/Occupational and Environmental Medicine' (16.23%), 'Radiology' (5.74%), and 'Pediatrics' (5.50%), and 435 (54.38%) papers were collaborative research. As for author keywords, 'COVID19' (674), 'SARSCoV2' (245), 'Coronavirus' (81), and 'Vaccine' (80) were derived as top keywords. There were six words that appeared throughout the entire period: 'COVID19,' 'SARSCoV2,' 'Coronavirus,' 'Korea,' 'Pandemic,' and 'Mortality.' Co-occurrence network analysis was conducted on MeSH terms and author keywords, and common keywords such as 'covid-19,' 'sars-cov-2,' and 'public health' were derived. In topic modeling, five topics were identified, including 'Vaccination,' 'COVID-19 outbreak status,' 'Omicron variant,' 'Mental health, control measures,' and 'Transmission and control in Korea.' Through this study, it was possible to identify the research areas and major keywords by year of COVID-19 research papers published during the 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).'

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study is to determine the age-specific seropositivity and the level of measles specific IgG in adults and to evaluate herd immunity to measles in Korea, the measles specific IgG were measured from the sera of adults over ages of 20 in Korea. Methods : 156 sera were collected from 156 out-patients over ages 20, who had visited clinical laboratory from June to July in 1997 at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The histories of natural measles or vaccination were not undertaken. Measles specific IgG titers were measured using ELISA method($SIA^{TM}$ Measles IgG Kit Co. St. Louis. Mo). Results : The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG in adults was 94.9%. And there were no significant differences in their age and gender. 2) The mean measles-specific IgG titer was $238{\pm}84AU/mL$. And there were no significant differences in age and gender, except significant lower in 4th decades than other age groups. And there were no significant correlations between age and measles specific IgG level. Conclusion : In conclusion, a seropositivity of in adults was 94.9% which was higher than that of adolescents(91.2% in previous study), and antibody level was similar with adolescents. The herd immunity of the adults were considered to enough for protecting the transmission of measles in the community. For the eradication of measles in Korea, more efforts will be required to increase the vaccine coverage rate in children and adolescents.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to describe the clinical manifestations of hospitalized children due to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection Methods: This study included 40 children who were hospitalized for varicella or herpes zoster at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 2009-2012. Diagnosis of VZV infection was confirmed by VZV PCR or culture from vesicular fluid. Medical records were reviewed to collect clinical features and outcome, antiviral treatment, history of varicella vaccination, and underlying diseases. Results: Sixteen patients with varicella and 24 patients with herpes zoster were included. Their median age was 10.5 years (16 days-19 years). Thirty-five (87.5%) patients had underlying diseases. Among 24 patients with herpes zoster, 11 patients had previous history of varicella and 1 had herpes zoster. Twenty patients (50%) had a history of varicella vaccination, and 19 immunocompromised patients had VZV infection despite of vaccination. Most (95%) patients were treated by intravenous or oral acyclovir, and no treatment failure of intravenous acyclovir was found. The median duration of fever was 4.4 days (1-10 days), and that of antiviral treatment was 12 days (7-23 days) in immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients received longer duration of antiviral treatment than imunocompetent patients (P=0.014). Eleven (27.5 %) immunocompromised patients had postherpetic neuralgia, 2 (5%) had proven co-infection by Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella oxytoca, and 1 (2.5%) complicated with pneumonia. Conclusion: Immunocompromised children require longer duration of treatment and are at risk of severe complication associated with VZV infection. Early initiation of antiviral therapy and close monitoring are necessary for those in immunocompromised conditions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2003

Purpose : We performed a retrospective study on bacterial meningitis in children, pertaining to the causative organisms, bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the effect of recent introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) vaccine. Methods : We analysed the forty-three cases of bacterial meningitis which had been treated at the Inha University Hospital from June 1996 to June 2003. Results : Nineteen cases(44.2%) of them were infants younger than 2 months of age, and 29 cases(67.5%) younger than 1 year of age. The common causative organisms under 2 months of age were group B streptococcus(GBS)(47.4%), E. coli(21.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae(21.1%). In the age group beyond 2 months of age, S. pneumoniae were seen in 50 %, H. influenzae in 16.7% and N. meningitidis in 16.7%. All of the five cases of Hib meningitis had not been vaccinated for Hib. There has been no Hib meningitis cases since 2001. Overall fatality rate was 4.5%, and complication occurred in 39%. Complications was significantly less frequent in patients resumed to be treated within 48 hours after onset compared to after 48 hours after onset. Penicillin resistance of S. pneumoniae and GBS isolated among bacterial meningitis cases was high. Conclusion : Timing of treatment after the onset of the disease appeared the most important factor for prognosis of bacterial meningitis. The cases of H. influenzae meningitis have decreased probably due to Hib vaccination.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

Purpose: After the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in 1995 in Korea, it was included in the national immunization program in 2013. In the post-Hib vaccine era, some studies in other countries reported that invasive Hib disease affects adults, especially the elderly and immunocompromised persons, more often than it affects children. To evaluate disease susceptibility, quantitative and qualitative analysis of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibodies were carried out in Korean adults aged 20 to 85 years. Methods: Sera were collected from 39 healthy adults (20 to 50 years of age) and from 30 elderly adults (75 to 85 years of age) who did not have immune-compromising conditions. The concentration of anti-PRP immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum bactericidal indices (SBIs) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum bactericidal assay. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of anti-PRP IgG and geometric mean SBIs were $0.88{\mu}g/mL$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17 to 3.85) and 354 (95% CI, 50 to 2,499) in young adults and $1.67{\mu}g/mL$ (95% CI, 0.53 to 5.24) and 449 (95% CI, 146 to 1,376) in elderly adults, respectively. When the threshold of seropositivity for anti-PRP IgG was applied as 0.15 or $1.0{\mu}g/mL$, which is the protective antibody level in children, seropositive rates were 87.2% or 53.8% in young adults and 100% or 60% in elderly adults. The seropositivity rates of the SBI ($SBI{\geq}4$) were 82.1% and 100% in the groups, respectively. Conclusions: Most subjects in the adult and elderly adult groups display immunity to Hib based on quantitative and qualitative antibody levels, but not all. Because high immunization and low Hib circulation rates may reduce the natural Hib immunity in the population, monitoring Hib immunity as well as disease are needed continuously.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

Purpose : To determine wether varicella can be prevented by administration of oral acyclovir(ACV) during the incubation period of the disease. Methods : Starting 9 days after exposure to the index case in their families, ACV(40 mg/kg/day in four divided doses) was given orally to 20 exposed children for 5 days. Their clinical features was compared with those of 20 control subjects. Antibody titers to VZV were measured in both group 1 week and 4 weeks after finishing the oral ACV administration. Results : The mean age of family members with varicella(51.4 months) were significantly high compared to that of ACV prophylaxis group(28.5 months) and control group(31 months) (P<0.05). Among the 12 children with ACV prophylaxis who completed follow up blood sampling, nine children were diagnosed as VZV infection on the serologic test(75%). Among them six children showed positive VZV IgM on the first blood sample and two children showed serocoversion to positive IgM on the second test after ACV prophylaxis. One child who was negative on both IgM and IgG, showed positive IgG on the second test. The incidence of fever and severity of skin rashes were significantly low in children received oral ACV than in the control group. No or reduced number of maculopapular eruption were observed in the oral ACV group compared to multiple vesicles of the control group. Conclusion : In the present study, we observed that oral ACV prophylaxis to the family contacts is effective in reducing severity of skin lesion. It is likely that oral ACV 9 days after contact prevents or reduces blood dissemination of VZV. Little is known about clinical effect and immunity to the virus in exposed children with no varicella symptom after treatment. We propose the checking up antibody to VZV some period after oral ACV, and considering vaccination to whom with no antibody. But further more studies are needed to practical application of oral ACV for the postexposure prophylaxis of varicella.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2001

Purpose : Recently in Korea since 1998, 2TU has been used instead of 5TU, which caused a confusion in interpreting tuberculin skin tests. We compared the tuberculin skin reaction to PPD(purified protein derivatives) 1TU, 2TU and 5TU. Methods : We studied tuberculin skin reaction to PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU on 92 infants who were vaccinated with percutaneous multiple puncture BCG vaccine(Tokyo 172 strain, Japan BCG Laboratory Co.) in neonatal period. Diameters of indurations were measured in millimeters 48~72 hours after the intradermal injection of PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU. Results : Among 92 infants(male : 56, female : 36), 1TU was used on 31 infants, 2TU on 31 infants and 5TU on 30 infants for tuberculin skin test. The mean diameter of induration for PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU were $5.7{\pm}4.2mm$, $7.1{\pm}3.7mm$, and $9.2{\pm}4.2mm$, respectively. There was no statistical difference in mean diameter of induration between 1TU and 2TU. However, when tested with 5TU, the diameter of induration was significantly larger than those of PPD 1TU and 2TU(P<0.05). Six subjects(19.4%) tested with 1TU, 9 subjects(29%) tested with 2TU and 16 subjects(53.3%) tested with 5TU had diameter of 10 mm or more. There was no statistical difference between 1TU and 2TU but for 5TU, number of subjects with diameter of 10 mm or more was significantly higher than PPD 1TU and 2TU(P<0.05). Number of subjects with induration diameter of 5 mm or more for 1TU, 2TU and 5TU was 19(61.3%), 22(71.0%) and 26(86.7%), respectively. However, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion : A new standard criteria for interpreting the tuberculin skin test with PPD 2TU should be established for clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.4 no.10 s.36
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• pp.34-46
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• 1972

1. 육추율 육성율 성계생존율 육추율 99.7$\%$는 1회 98.5$\%$, 2회 99.2$\%$, 3회 99.8$\%$, 4회 98.3$\%$ 5회 98.7$\%$와 근사하다. 육성율 평균 87.1$\%$는 1회 97.5$\%$, 2회 97.2$\%$, 3회 96.6$\%$, 4회 97.9$\%$에 비하여 10$\%$정도 낮으며 5회 89.7$\%$보다도 2.6$\%$ 낮은데 이는 근년 많이 발생하는 마렉병 및 백혈병이 주원인이며,(7회 검정계 부터 마렉병 예방접종)현 김포검정사 신축이 장마로 인하여 지연되므로서 더욱 임시육추사에서의 육성기간에 스트레스를 받았기 때문이며 성계생존율은 평균 75.3$\%$이며, 1회 80.3$\%$, 2회 84.8$\%$, 3회 71.8$\%$, 4회 87.3$\%$, 5회 71.4$\%$ 이었다. 이를 폐사원인별로 보면 세균성 질환으로 인한 폐사가 전체폐사수의 8.9$\%$ 병독(마렉병 및 백혈병)이 61.5$\%$원충 0.7$\%$ 대사장애 9.2$\%$ 생식기장애 3.4$\%$ 내장파열(간파열 탈항등) 5.7$\%$ 곰팡이 1.1$\%$ 기타(복막염 장염등) 9.5$\%$로 마렉병 및 백혈병이 주인이며 이를 검정각회별로 보면 1.2회 32.3$\%$, 3회 43.3$\%$, 4회 41.3$\%$, 5회 56.2$\%$, 6회 61.5$\%$로 매년 증가하고 있다. 2. 성성숙일령 전체평균 155.9일로 가장 빠른 구는 4구의 144일이고 가장 늦은 구는 23구의 166일이며 1일 189.2일, 2회 181.2일 보다 30일 정도 빨라진 것은 1.2회 검정은 산란율 50$\%$ 연2일 산란한 전일로 계산하였으며 3회 검정부터는 산란율 50$\%$에 달한 일령으로 계산하였기 때문이다. 3. 산란율 산란지수 산란율 평균 64.6$\%$이고 최상위구는 77.1$\%$, 최하위구는 52.8$\%$이며 유색품종 평균산란율은 58.4$\%$ 백색품종은 66.6$\%$이며 성성숙일령이 빨라짐에 따라 전체산란율은 약간 떨어지고 있다. 산란지수-평균은 189.7개로 200개 이상 산란한 상위군이 모두 성계생존율이 높은 구임을 알 수 있다. 4. 사료요구율 전체평균 2.8로 1회 3.54, 2회 3.1., 3회 3.98 4회 2.87, 5회 2.83으로 점차 개선되어 가고 있으며 유색품종의 사료요구율 평균은 3.3이었다. 5. 난평균중량 평균 58.4g로 최상위구는 60.8g, 최하위구는 56.6g 이며 국산계의 평균난중은 57.9g 외국제 평균난중 58.6g이었다. 6. 체중 평균체중은 300일령 2,117.g, 500일령 2,207이며 유색품종은 300일령 2.6160g, 500일령 2.656.7g이었다. 7. 사료 섭취량 사료섭취량 평균은 1일수당 육추기 33.6g, 육성기 68.5g, 산란기 109.9g이었다. 8 경제성 총수입은 2,539,799 으로 전체수입의 85.3$\%$가 계란수입이고, 폐계 수입은 14.7$\%$이다. 지출은 총계 1,854.517원으로 전체 지출의 92.5$\%$가 사료비, 7.5$\%$가 초생추대이었다. 9. 후기 마렉병 백신이 71년 중반기부터 수입되므로써 마렉병 예방접종을 하지 못하므로서 전체 폐사 수의 61.5$\%$를 차지하는 많은 피해를 보았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2003

Purpose : We evaluated clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients with measles according to age distribution. Methods : Retrospective analyses were performed using medical records of patients with measles admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejon St. Mary's Hospital from October 2000 to May 2001. We divided the patients with measles into three age groups, i.e., those who were under two years of age(159 patients), those between 9-11 years of age(39 patients), and those older than 16 years of age who were hospitalized in the department of internal medicine(young adult group; 23 patients). We compared clinical and laboratory characteristics among these three groups. Results : Almost all patients with measles were presented with fever, skin rash and cough. No statistical differences were present between the three groups in total fever duration, number of hospitalization days, complications determined with longer hospitalization for more than eight days, and positive values of anti-measles IgM. Patients under 2 years of age showed statistically higher levels of white bood cell and lymphocyte counts. However, neutropenia and lymphopenia were observed in all age groups compared with age-matched standard values. Campared with the other two age groups, the young adult group showed a higher mean level of liver enzymes(AST/ALT) and more patients with a level twice as high as the normal values. Conclusion : Clinical manifestations including complications according to age groups showed no significant differences in patients with measles. Hepatic involvement was more prevalent in the young adult group.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

Purpose : Neisseria meningitides is one of the most common causative pathogens of bacteremia and meningitis. Recently protein-conjugated vaccines have been developed and included in the routine vaccination schedule in a few countries. In Korea, carriage rates of N. meningitides among healthy adults have been reported. However, systematic data for childhood carriage rates are not available. This study was performed to evaluate the carriage rates of N. meningitides and the serotype distribution among healthy children attending day care centers. Methods : During the period of January through May 2005, nasopharyngeal swabs and culture were obtained from 904 children attending 13 different day care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The Vitek NHI card was used to identify N. meningitides and the crgA gene was detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serotype determination was performed by agglutination test using N. meningitides antisera to serotypes A, B, C, D, 29E, W135, X, Y, and Z. PCR for detection of the org2 and saiD gene confirmed serotypes A, B, C, W135, and Y. Results : The mean age among 904 children was 4.5 years; 6.5% (59/904) were children <2 years old, 53.8% (486/904) were 2-5 years old, and 39.7% (359/904) were >5 years old; 52.0% (468/904) were male. N. meningitides was isolated from only 7 children attending 5 different day care centers and the overall carriage rate of N. meningitides was 0.8%. The detected serotypes of N. meningitides were serotype A (n=2), C (n=2), and Y (n=3). Conclusion : The carriage rate of N. meningitides among healthy children attending day care centers was very low in Korea and the detected serotypes were A, C, and Y.