• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2021

The COVID-19 virus is a β-genus virus that causes infection by mediating the angiotensin convertible enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is distributed in large numbers in the human respiratory tract. The disease requires effective post-management of antibody production by complete healers and vaccinators because there is no perfect remedy for the virus infection. This study aimed to develop recombinant proteins specifically responsive to neutralizing antibodies in clinical specimens and use them to develop a rapid diagnostic kit to diagnose neutralizing antibodies quickly and conveniently against the COVID-19 virus and confirm the possibility of commercialization through a performance evaluation. Rapid diagnostic kits using COVID-19 S1 RBD recombinant proteins can be applied to rapid diagnostic kits, with positive percentage agreement (PPA) and negative percentage agreement (NPA) of 100% and 98.3%, respectively, compared to the U.S. FDA-approved ELISA kits. If the performance of the rapid diagnostic kit is improved and neutralizing antibodies can be analyzed quantitatively using quantitative analysis equipment, it can be used as important data to predict immunity to the COVID-19 virus and determine additional vaccinations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.563-573
• /
• 2000

Periodic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) caused by velogenic viscerotropic ND virus (vvNDV) has become a major concern in Korea nowadays. Throughout last epidemic, the winter season in 2000, most chicken flocks infected early, under 2-4 weeks of age, showed high mortality up to 50-100%. Serum samples collected from 201 breeder, 284 layer and 112 broiler chicken flocks were examined to evaluate the efficacy of various vaccination methods and programs routinely used for mass vaccination in the field poultry farms. Despite repeated live vaccination, most poultry flocks vaccinated by drinking water route using nipple water supply system failed to produce solid active immune response to NDV during the growing time. In the present study, we applied the spray vaccination technique using Ulvavac or Desvac sprayer to the experimental poultry flocks and examined the efficacy of live vaccination effects induced by it under field condition. Measurable antibody to NDV as well as early protection against vvNDV challenge were found in poultry flocks vaccinated by spray route. Further, we did not found significant post vaccination reactions caused by spray vaccination if properly administered. These data indicate that the spray vaccination will be safe and reliable mass vaccination method for the prevention of ND.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.765-772
• /
• 1997

제주지역 돼지에서 각종 전염성 질병 원인체에 대한 항체를 조사하여 그간 전염성 병원체에 대한 역학조사가 미진하였던 부분을 보완하여 질병의 분포를 파악하고자 1995년부터 1996년에 걸쳐 제주도 전역에서 돼지의 혈청을 채취하여 각종 병원체에 대한 항체 분포율을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 검사한 돼지 혈청 시료에서는 돼지 오제스키병 바이러스에 대한 항체는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 돼지 콜레라바이러스에 대한 항체는 기대 수준 이하로 낮아 백신접종이 원활히 수행되고 있지 않음을 시사하였으며 특히 농장에 따라 항체 보유돈과 항체 음성돈이 혼재하는 농장과 항체가 전혀 검출되지 않는 농장 등 돼지 콜레라 방역의 사각지대가 존재할 가능성이 있음을 보여주었다. 유 사산 원인체인 돼지 파보바이러스 및 뇌심근염에 대한 항체가가 다양하게 나타나 일부 문제가 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 돼지 생식기호흡기증후군(PRRS) 바이러스에 대한 항체 분포율은 내륙 보다 다소 낮게 나타났고, 돼지 influenza virus, 위축성 비염, 흉막 폐염 등 각종 세균성 질환에 대한 항체수준도 다양하게 나타났다. 본 혈청학적인 연구결과는 제주지역에서의 양돈방역 정책수립 및 질병방제의 기초자료로 유용하게 이용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.117-120
• /
• 2015

Virus-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) can occur following common viruses, but cases of ITP associated with influenza infection has seldom been reported. In this report we describe a previously healthy 5-year-old boy who admitted with fever, flu-like symptoms and a few bruises on both legs. Severe thrombocytopenia were found. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy showed no abnormalities and results of coagulation tests were all in normal limit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was positive for influenza B infection. The patient fully recovered with intravenous immunoglobulins and steroid therapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2013

Three serotypes (O+A+Asia1 type) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were injected into cloven-hoofed animals in Korea after the nationwide spread of FMD at the end of 2010. This study was conducted to investigate FMD antibody development after FMD vaccination, and to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the antibody titer of the sow and the antibody titer of the growing pigs. The antibody titer (percentage inhibition [PI] titer) of the sow (gilt) after FMD vaccination was maintained at a level higher than 50 (P<0.05) for 5 months. A higher PI titer for the 1-month-old growing pigs corresponded with greater inhibition of the PI titer of the vaccinated growing pigs (P<0.05). A negative correlation (P<0.05) between the PI titer of the 1-month-old growing pigs and the PI titer of 3-month-old growing pigs, 4-month-old growing pigs after FMD vaccination at 2 months, 3months was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.274. Thus the PI titer of the growing pigs was inhibited to a greater degree when vaccination was performed at 2 months of age than at 3 months. However, many other factors likely influence growing pigs' PI titer in addition to the PI titer of the sow and age at vaccination, given that the coefficient of determination was somewhat lower.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2002

This study was undertaken to develop a subacute murine model for predicting occurrence of systemic anaphylaxis and to evaluate efficacy of various immunological parameters as the monitoring indices for the occurrence of anaphyalxis. The murine anaphyalxis model was developed through intraperitoneally sensitizing 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of 1 mg alum and 300 ng cholera toxin twice a week interval followed by challenging 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$. OVA intravenously. Typical anaphylaxis symptoms were demonstrated at the both BALB/c mice, a strain prone to type-2 response, and C57BL/6 mice. a strain prone to type-1 response. Level of plasma histamine was approximately 50-fold or 30-fold higher in the mice sensitized with OVA than the mice sensitized with alum plus cholera toxin or the saline-treated mice after OVA challenge, respectively. Sensitization and challenge with OVA significantly enhanced plasma leukotriene $B_4$ level but not IgE levels in comparison with the control mice, which indicated the role of leukotriene $B_4$ for progression of anaphyalxis. Furthermore, among mice suffered from anaphylaxis, levels of OVA-specific IgGl were significantly higher in the BALB/c mice than in the C57BL/6 mice, which implied the genetic susceptibility for the induction of systemic anaphylaxis. Conclusively, simultaneous evaluation of histamine, leukotriene $B_4$, and allergen-specific IgG isotype may serve as more efficient monitoring tool for vaccine-related anaphyalxis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.170-174
• /
• 2005

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to a hepatitis B vaccination, and investigate the HBV DNA in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: 34 subjects with persistent isolated anti-HBc were included in the study. 32 subjects negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were included as a control group. They were all vaccinated with Hepaccine at 0, 1 and 2 months, and anti-HBs titers were measured 1 month after the 1st and 3rd vaccinations (1 and 3 months). The HBV-DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Results: After the 1st & 3rd vaccinations, the anti-HBs titers$\geq$10mIU/ml were 70.6 & 70.6% in isolated anti-HBc group, and 34.4 & 81.2% in the control group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences after the 1st vaccination, but none after the 3rd, between the two groups. In the isolated anti-HBc and control groups, the primary, amnestic and no responses were 0 vs. 46.9%, 55.9 vs. 6.3% and 29.4 vs. 18.8%, respectively. The HBV DNA was not detected in all subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Conclusion: None of the subjects with isolated anti-HBc had a false positive result (primary response); therefore, they should be excluded from vaccination programs in Korea. To differentiate between immunity and occult infections, a single dose of vaccine, with a follow-up anti-HBs test, is preferable for subjects with isolated anti-HBc. An amnestic response indicates late immunity, and no response a suspect occult infection.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of layers fed diets supplemented with excess micronutrients, i.e., vitamin A, methionine, Zn, Cu, and Fe to the inoculation of Newcastle disease vaccine(NDV) or infectious bronchitis vaccine(IBV). The antibody titer against the NDV increased immediately after the inoculation and stayed high during the next 6 wk. On the other hand, The antibody titer against the IBV increased after 4 wk of inoculation The IgM level increased rapidly after 1 wk of NDV inoculation, however, it decreased after 5 wk of inoculation. The IgA displayed similar pattern to that of IgM in response to NDV inoculation. The pattern of IgM change after IBV inoculation was similar to that when layers were treated with NDV. However, IgA level changed earlier than did IgM. The IgG response to the NDV and IBV was very weak compared to the other immune responses. The excess supplementation of micronutrients to the diets of layers inoculated with NDV elicited favorable antibody titer and immune response compared to the layers fed the control diet. The excess Zn, however, allowed the layers to have higher antibody titer for the 4-wk period after NDV injection: after that they showed no effect of extra-Zn. The immune responses of layers fed excess vitamin A, Cu, methionine, and Fe were markedly higher in IgA and IgG than the control layers. The excess Zn, however, did not bring about any favorable result. No difference was detected in IgG level between control and micronutrients-treated groups.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2019

Various factors negatively affect poultry production, including a multitude of avian pathogens. Among them, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) cause world-wide economic losses in the poultry industry. Although respectively, MG and MS induce chronic respiratory disease and synovitis in poultry, these pathogens often manifest as clinically inapparent infections and many countries are therefore having difficulties effectively eradicating them. In this study, five broiler breeder farms in Korea were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma infection from 2016 to 2018. Serum samples were collected for detection of antibodies to mycoplasma species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Additionally, the production index and feed conversion rate of broilers were recorded. According to this investigation, broiler breeder farms in 2018 were serologically negative for Mycoplasma infection with broilers exhibiting a high production index and low feed conversion rate. Thus, eradicating mycoplasma in poultry farms is critical for improving chick quality and overall poultry production.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2014

A six-months-old male Korean domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, tachypnea, anorexia, and weight loss and admitted to Lee Seung Jin Animal Medical Center. During the routine physical examination, clinical signs such as mild dehydration and jaundice in the sclera were present. The complete blood count (CBC) and serum chemistry result showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Radiography revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Blood smear and microscopic examination showed severe hemolysis and anisocytosis. We sent the blood sample to the Neodin Veterinary Laboratory for PCR analysis to conduct a test to find out Ehlichia, feline hemoplasmas (haemobartonella), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and anaplasma infection. According to PCR examination, the blood of this cat was positive for feline hemoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis), but negative for other pathogens. The patient was prescribed doxycycline for 4 weeks and prednisolone for 1 week. The free of feline hemoplasmas infection was confirmed by PCR recheck after six months.