• The Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.8 s.327
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• pp.76-79
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• 1996

1796년 영국의 시골의사 에드워드 제너가 처음으로 우두접종법을 발견한 뒤 꼭 2백주년이 되는 해를 맞아 공교롭게도 21세기 면역계에 혁명의 큰 바람을 몰고 올 DNA(유전자를 구성하는 화합물) 백신에 대한 최초의 임상시험에 들어갔다. 오늘날 에이즈와 암까지 포함한 여러 질병의 예방만 아니라 치료도 할 이 제3세대의 백신개발에 거는 의료계의 기대는 매우 크다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.10 s.420
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• pp.111-115
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• 2004

최근 급격한 산란 저하로 인한 피해를 상담하는 농가들이 많아진 것을 보니 N도 문지이지만 전염성 기관지염(IB)이 심상치 않은것 같다. 최근의 분무 백신은 ND도 중요하지만 IB에도 동시에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 어느 원장님을 얼마 전 만났다. 현재 발병하고 있는 IB에 대해 상당히 효과적인 대처를 하고 있다는 생각을 하게 된다. 국가적 난제인 ND도 중요하지만 IB에 대한 농가들의 경각심과 대책도 필요하다는 생각을 다시 해보면서 이에 따른 백신 분무와 관련한 몇 가지 이야기를 해보고자 한다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.20 no.9 s.227
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• pp.117-121
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• 1988

마렉병은 거의 전세계적으로 퍼져 있기 때문에 양계를 하는 지역으로서, 이 병이 발생하지 않는 곳이 없으며, 양계장의 위생적인 사양조건에 따라 피해정도에도 상당한 차이를 나타낸다. 국내에서도 이미 오래 전부터 마렉병이 발생해 왔고 1970년대 중반 이후 백신의 사용과 함께 본격적인 연구가 이루어졌다. 그러나 이 병은 백신을 사용한지 많은 시일이 흐른 지금에 와서도 질병발생건수로 볼 때 변함없이 선두그룹에 들어 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.257-265
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to vaccinate every year according to the general characteristics of COVID-19, whether to vaccinate every year according to the vaccination experience, whether to vaccinate every year according to knowledge/attitude about vaccination, and negative responses to the vaccinate every year In order to understand the factors affecting the vaccination physician every year by identifying the factors of Statistical analysis is based on general characteristics, variables based on vaccination experience, and knowledge/attitudes related to vaccination. The doctor calculates the frequency and percentage, A square test (-test) was performed, and if the chi-square test was significant but the expected frequency was less than 5 for 25% or more, a ratio difference test was performed with Fisher's exact test. Through multiple logistic regression analysis using variables that were significant in simple analysis, a predictive model for future vaccination and the effect size of each independent variable were estimated. As statistical analysis software, SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used, and because the sample size was not large, the significance level was set at 10%, and when the p-value was less than 0.10, it was interpreted as statistically significant. In the simple logistic regression analysis, the reason why they answered that they would not be vaccinated every year was that they answered 'to prevent infection of family and hospital guests' rather than 'to prevent my infection' as the reason for the vaccination. It was 11.0 times higher and 3.67 times higher in the case of 'for the formation of collective immunity of the local community and the country'. The adverse reactions experienced after the 1st and 2nd vaccination were 8.42 times higher in those who did not experience pain at the injection site than those who did not, 4.00 times higher in those who experienced swelling or redness, and 5.69 times higher in those who experienced joint pain. There was a 5.57 times higher rate of absenteeism annually than those who did not. In addition, the more anxious they felt about vaccination, the more likely they were to not get the vaccine every year by 2.94 times.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.25 no.12 s.290
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• pp.123-127
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• 1993

겨울철이 되었다. 일반 계사는 밀폐되고 윈도레스계사 또한 휀 속도를 줄이게 되어 계사내는 먼지와 오염된 공기로 차게된다. 온도 또한 떨어진다. 얼른 떠오르게 되는 것이 호흡기질병이며 무엇인가 대책이 없을까 하는 것이다. 호흡기질병을 예방하기 위해서는 환기, 보온, 소독, 백신, 약제투여란 5박자에서 환기, 보온, 소독과 약제는 다 아는 사실이나 백신 응용에 관한 문제는 아직까지 가격이 비싸기 때문에 경제성 문제로 많이 사용되고 있지 않는 상황이다. 그러나 경제성에 대한 국내의 실제 성적은 아직까지 농장에서의 데이타가 미비하여 정확한 수치로 산출되지 못하고 있다. 이에 일본의 3군데 가족보건위생소에서 발표한 현장성적과 정리되지 않은 국내 사정을 참고하여 보면서 생산성 향상에 보탬이 될 수 있는 방법이 되었으면 한다. 닭이 마이코플라즈마 갈리셉티컴(MG)에 감염되면 호흡기 증상의 유무에 관계없이 산란저하와 중지란, 사롱란의 발생이 많이 일어나 경제적 피해를 입게되는데 이를 방지하기 위해 MG생독과 사독을 미국에서 먼저 개발하였으며 이를 여러나라에서 사용하고 있는 중이나, 일본에서는 1989년 사독백신을 개발하여 널리 사용하고 있으며 이들 백신은 닭에게 MG감염을 완전히 막아 주는 것은 아니나 호흡기 증상이나 기도 병변 형성을 억제함과 동시에 산란저하, 부하율저하 현상을 경감시켜주는 역할을 해내고 있다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2010

In vaccine research, proportional hazards model including only first event have been widely used for estimating vaccine efficacy because it is easy to interpret and convenient. However, this method causes not only loss of information but also biased result when heterogeneity of study subject in exposure and susceptibility exists. Furthermore, it is hard to ignore the possibility that each event is correlated with each other in the repeated events. Therefore, we compare various statistical models to estimate vaccine efficacy under various situations with heterogeneity and event dependency.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Korea. Methods: The current study investigated the number of inpatients in the pediatric ward of Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital during the periods of 2005-2006 and 2011-2012. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 2,840 patients <5 years of age who were hospitalized at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital in these time periods. Results: When we compared 2 separate sets of data from before (2005-2006) and after (2011-2012) vaccine introduction, there were statistically significant decreases in the number of patients who were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis across all of the groups of patients <5 years of age except those <2 months of age. The number of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis in all age groups declined except for children <2 months of age and those 2-5 months of age. Conclusion: These results show that after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in Korea, the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis decreased in 6-59-month-old patients hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

Avian influenza (AI) virus (AIV) is distributed worldwide and it has been isolated from various species of wild and domestic birds. AI transfers with high speed and shows diverse pathogenicity syndroms. In Korea, several low Pathogenic AIV, H9N2, have been isolated from the commercial farms with severe decrease of egg production and mortality resulted in severe economic loss since 1996. Therefore, it has been requested to develop AI vaccines to prevent clinical signs and economic losses from the field infection of AIV. To develop a killed vaccine that efficiently prevents low pathogenic AIV (H9N2), evaluation on the pathogenicity and selection of an inactivator for H9N2 is taking place and is being tested safety and immunogenicity of vaccine produced. Based on the pathogenicity test and viral reisolation test, the ADL0401 isolate is the characteristic low pathogenic AIVs and has fairly similar biologic functions compared with MS96 which is the official low pathogenic AIV (H9N2) and one of the predominant AIV isolated from poultry farms in Korea. In antigenicity tests, the ADL0401 and MS96 virus have no significant antigenic difference. In inactivation tests, the ADL0401 isolates can be easily inactivated with $0.1\%$ Formalin at $37^{\circ}C$ within 1 hour with a little decrease of HA titer. The vaccine developed in the present report has no harmful effect on bird and forms good immune capability. Therefore, the isolates, ADL0401 can be used for a killed vaccine which can reduce the clinical signs and viral shedding in the birds infected with H9N2 low pathogenic AIVs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.484-488
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• 2005

This study has been to produce of anti-H. pylori antibody in milk produced from cows immunized with antigen of Helicobacter pylori and to search the relationship between vaccine dosage and antibody formation and impact of vaccine dosage on cows. The content of anti-H. pylori antibody in serum and whey increased in accordance with vaccine dosage volume. It has been confirmed that the formation of high-quantified antibody was produced in all groups with vaccine dosages of 10 mL, 20 mL and 30 mL. It has been turned out that the antibody was formed most in 20 mL dosage. It was inclined to $12\%$ reduce caused by vaccine injection, but recovered after about maximum 1 week. In measurement of body temperature of cows after vaccine injected, it was inclined to rise with the normal scope in comparison with the controlled conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 2023

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that is hard to predict in terms of fatality rate, treatments, and the timing of its end. World is developing treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. Several treatments and vaccines currently have emergency use authorization, but the treatments are only allowed for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the confirmed cases of COVID-19, including mortality and testing, in OECD countries and to assess the effect of vaccination on mortality. Looking at the confirmed cases, mortality, and vaccination rates of COVID-19, the number of confirmed cases was lower than previously reported cases after full vaccination. In early 2022, with Omicron, the confirmed cases increased sharply, while mortality dropped, and the mortality showed a gentle curve as the cumulative fully vaccinated exceeded 50%. This indicates that COVID-19 vaccines have an effect on reducing mortality. However, the duration of effectiveness of vaccines was considerably short, which decreased the initial inoculation effect and increased the monthly mortality. As this study was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was not enough data to analyze comprehensively. However, it is meaningful to compare and analyze the impact of COVID-19 by country.