• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is an important part of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). As an economic and trade corridor for dozens of countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, and the port as an important link node, the efficiency of port operation directly affects the implementation of BRI's strategy. On the basis of combining BRI and related evaluation methods of port efficiency, this paper uses DEA-BCC model to select port production berth number and production berth length as input index container throughput and cargo throughput as output index to analyze the port efficiency of 14 ports in China. The results show that: (1) The overall efficiency level of the ports along the MSR is relatively low. Most of the ports have not reached the DEA efficiency and there are different degrees of problems in scale investment and technological improvement. However, this situation is accompanied by the implementation of China's maritime cooperation strategy and becoming better year by year. (2) The low operating efficiency of ports along China's MSR is mainly due to the lack of coordination between scale efficiency and technical efficiency, which is caused by insufficient scale investment in the port itself, weak economic linkage between the hinterland and the port, (3) Whether a port has a strong comprehensive strength does not entirely depend on the cargo throughput or scale but also includes the port's operating efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2019

1953년 7월 27일 정전협정 이후 한반도를 가로지르는 DMZ (Demilitarized zone: 비무장지대)가 설정되었다. DMZ에 출입은 군사정전위원회의 허가가 있어야 가능하기에 군사시설 및 군작전지역을 포함하여 DMZ 및 민간인통제선 이북은 민간인 접근의 제한으로, 단절된 공간으로 변모하였다. DMZ는 우리나라의 대표적인 동고서저의 지형 및 다양한 생태환경을 두루 갖추고 있어 중요한 생태적 요충지로 평가받고 있다. 산림지역은 민간인통제지역까지 합치면 40여개의 산지가 분포하고 있으며, 하천은 크게 15개의 크고 작은 하천이 위치하고 있다. 남방한계선 수계를 따라 일부지역들은 하천 배후습지, 묵논습지 등 습원형태로도 많이 발견되고 있다. 이런 습원지역들은 대부분 미확인 지뢰지대로 접근이 제한적인 만큼 지난 세월의 흔적들을 고스란히 담고 있다. 1965년 한국자연보존연구회는 30여명의 국내학자를 동원하여 서울에서 가까운 DMZ 인접지역에 대한 예비적인 학술조사를 실시하였으며, 이를 계기로 1966년 10월부터 1968년 9월까지 2년간에 걸쳐 한국자연보존위원회 34명의 국내학자와 미국 스미소니언연구소(Smithsonian Institution) H. K. Buechner 박사를 대표로 5명의 국외학자가 공동으로 종합적인 학술조사를 수행하였다. 이는 DMZ 연구의 시작을 알렸으며, 이후 남북관계나 시대여건에 맞추어 간헐적으로 다양한 조사 및 연구들이 이어져오고 있다. 2015년부터 2018년까지 DMZ 철책주변 현장조사를 통해 확인된 식물현황은 964분류군이다. 군시설로 인해 식물서식환경이 제한적인 상황이지만 척박한 환경에 적응하고 있는 식물은 다양하다. DMZ와 맞닿아 있는 7개 지역에 대한 식물현황은 철원 638분류군, 연천 631분류군, 양구 525분류군 순으로 나타났다. 대부분 중동부 지역에 높은 식물종수가 나타났으며, 서부와 동부의 식물들이 고르게 나타나는 결과로 보인다. 큰잎쓴풀, 봉래꼬리풀 등 희귀식물도 있는 반면, 잠재적으로 생태계에 영향을 줄 수 있는 침입외래식물도 다수 포함되어 있어서, 지속적인 모니터링 및 관리가 필요하다. 그 중에서도 양구지역에 새롭게 발견된 Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.(양귀비과)는 독성이 포함된 식물이며, 인제에서 2014년에 발견된 미역취아재비는 DMZ일원에 제한적으로 분포하는 종이였으나 현재 연천에서 발견되는 등 확산에 대한 관리방안이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Using the results from laboratory soil test, field vane test and piezocone penetration test, the engineering characteristics of the soft ground at east side of Gwangyang Port, which is located at south coast of Jeollanam-do, were investigated and optimal piezocone penetration test depth was derived to calculate piezocone factor. In this paper, the results of 61 laboratory soil tests, 226 times of field vane tests and 26 piezocone penetration tests were used. The result of laboratory soil test suggested that some physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content, liquid limit and plastic index and others are higher than other south coast regions, meanwhile uniaxial compression strength, undrained shear strength, defined as mechanical property, appeared to be relatively small, distributed widely. According to the plastic chart, the ground was classified as high compressibility clay and low compressibility clay, mostly represent to Type 3 clay by Robertson (1990)'s classification chart. Piezocone factor was calculated by empirical method, based on the undrained shear strength which was obtained by the field vane test. According to the analysis with 3 different depth range, to set the appropriate measured depth range of piezocone penetration for comparation, using average value of the range of 5 times the vane length showed the highest correlation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

This study was conducted to pave the way for the development and operation of education and training programs to nurture skilled North Korean construction workers. Such programs would help to meet the expanded demand for setting up infrastructure, which is the backbone of the two Koreas' economic cooperation and mutual development. To achieve this initiative, the targets and scopes of education and training were determined by classifying business types for education and training purposes by construction sector. Furthermore, each education and training course and their allocated time frames were analyzed. Issues related to inter-Korean economic cooperation in the border area were also analyzed to determine regional characteristics. Education and training programs were thus classified into three types of infrastructure units: society, industry, and life infrastructure units. Social infrastructure units are the common demand of the whole border area, including construction of roads, railways, and harbors, as well as inspection and maintenance. Industrial infrastructure units are programs for industrial facilities centering on the designated special economic zone in the western part of the border area. Life infrastructure units are programs for infrastructure facilities such as large, complex facilities and residential facilities for the eastern tourist belt side.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.242-257
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• 2019

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) stretches two kilometers north and south from the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) of South and North Korea. This area was established as a weapons-free buffer zone when an armistice agreement was signed in 1953. However, there have been several very high-tension military standoffss over the past 65 years. On the South Korean side, civilian access to the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and beyond to the north has been restricted, and natural heritage has been well maintained. Natural heritage is defined as living things, their habitat and non-living things of the ecosystem which deserve to be protected. Research shows that a variety of flora and fauna, their habitat, marshes and geographical structures are found across the DMZ region. Although the DMZ region has not been such a good place for habitat conservation, we can say that this area may be the best location for restoration in terms of its variety of ecosystems and considerable land size. Restoration of course depends on future plans and management policies. This area, including the DMZ and the well-protected north of the CCL, will be the best habitat for endangered species of wild fauna and flora if we classify the various habitat types and create a habitat map. In doing this project, we need to include the estuary of the Han River and the lagoon (brackish water lake) of the East Sea coast. In addition, we must establish long-term plans for conservation and sustainable use and do international scientific research across the DMZ region in collaboration with scientists of South and North Korea and international experts. Mutual cooperation between the two Koreas for investigation and conservation efforts is paramount.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism about damages occurring at quay wall and backfill in Youngilman Port during Pohang earthquake (M5.4) on November 15, 2017. In the field investigation, the horizontal displacement of the caisson occurred between 5 cm and 15 cm, and the settlement at backfill occurred higher than 10 cm. 2D-effective Stress Analysis was performed to clarify the mechanism for the damage. The input earthquake motion used acceleration ($3.25m/s^2$) measured at bedrock of Pohang habor. Based on a numerical analysis, it was found that the effective stress decreased due to the increase of excess pore pressure in the backfill ground and the horizontal displacement of the caisson occurred by about 14 cm, and the settlement occurred by about 3 cm. In backfill, the settlements occurred between 6 cm and 9 cm. This is similar to field investigation results. Also, it was found that the backfill soil was close to the Mohr-Coulomb failure line due to the cyclic loading from the effective stress path and the stress-strain behavior. It may be related to decreasing of bearing capacity induced by the reduction of effective stress caused by the increase of the excess pore water pressure.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

In case of building up port facilities on soft ground, unsymmetrical surcharge of embankment, which make the excess pore water pressure to increase, causes to occur lateral displacement due to plasticity of soil. A study on lateral displacement and settlement of the caisson, which is installed on improved ground, was accomplished. The field measurement data and calculated values obtained from FEM program of Plaxis were compared and analyzed. For numerical analysis, the properties of soils, constructions stage and time were considered. Lateral displacement was measured at the point of inclinometers installed in front of caisson. Settlement was measured at the center of extra embankment behind of caisson. Comparison of measured and calculated for lateral displacement showed that the calculated value was greater than the measured, and increasing trend was different. The calculated value showed step increasing as step extra embankment applied, whereas the measured gradually was increased. For settlement of embankment, the amount of both measured and calculated were similar, but the trend was different like that of lateral movement.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.9-33
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• 2018

This article introduce the status and research overview of Korean Confucianism in Eastern Asia with the macroscopic view. Mainly making Tuixi as an example on this basis, respectively make introduction and analysis of research overview among the modern Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Japan towards Korean Confucianism. The scholars who are from Chinese mainland think highly of the expression on meaning and principle in the research of Korean philosophy, which is shown the fair and peace; The scholars who come from Taiwan are obviously impacted by the western world(Taiwan uses the means influenced by the western thinking method) in the means of researching the Korean Confucianism; Japanese persistently rely on the literature and try to reproduce the objectivity of historicism. For decades, the research of Tuixi had made great achievements in Eastern Asia. It had understood the allover content of its thought, It is also worth thinking about the correlation between Tuixi psychology and Yinyang study in Japan, Japan and Taiwan in recent years. Any research is unavoidable to start from own countries, areas and ideological consciousness, but there is a question idea behind the back that comes from emotion and fact. Making the advantage in study meanings and communication in question consciousness will be beneficial to the continuous development of the study of Tuixi in depth and expand its influence.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2008

Stratified slope was formed on the SSE-facing slope in the southwest region of Haenam, South Korea. Field and laboratory investigations into the geomorphology and sedimentology of stratified slope deposit that is inactive. Outcrops of this deposit show an alteration of coarse debris-supported matrix and tiny debris-supported matrix layers. Sedimentological analysis(particle-size analysis) indicates that this deposit is not fluvial process or only gravitation like rock-fall. Many clasts and fine materials on the slope is supposed to be product by congelifraction under Pleistocene periglacial climatic environment. Also The processes responsible for the genesis of this deposit probably are to move downward by gelifluction and to remove fine materials by slope wash in thawing cycle and in situ debris congelifraction on gelifluction slope. Now It is impossible to account for the time range of genesis(diurnal, seasonal). In conclusion, this stratified slope formed in cold and humid periglacial environmental in pleistocene, therefore, this slope is a periglacial relic landform, indicates that in south korea there was a cold and humid paleo-climate such as periglacial environmen.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.177-208
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• 2011

This article examines that how in-house subcontract has been introduced and developed in metal industry in 1970s, focusing typical workplaces in steel industry. That was essential for the capital to insure control mechanism for large number of laborer because of mobilizing a large scale of capital in industrialization of heavy metal industry. In case of Pohang steel industry, this necessity was fulfilled by introduction and imitation of Japanese personnel management by being included of Japanese economic hinterland. This was embodied in both constructing internal labor market for regular workers and introducing in-house subcontracting system for contingent workers at workplaces. This was exceptional comparing in-house subcontracting system in Korean steel industry with in-house subcontracting system in advanced economies, because of disappearing in-house subcontracting system by making internal labor market. And this was closely linked by late development of Korea. Implications of Pohang steel company's case are as follows : first, late development effect in formation of employment system, second, in linking informality of Korean employment system. This implications mean that in-house subcontracting in steel industry is structured as mechanism for personnel management in large factory being influenced by industrialization of heavy industry. In this point, improvements which include wide economic solution beyond labor solution for present problem of in-house subcontracting system is desirable.