• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.665-670
• /
• 2014

Because reducing atmospheric pollution is becoming a serious issue, studies are actively focusing on exhaust gas reduction. This study was conducted to determine the emission characteristics when applying an EGR system, the main approach used for NOx reduction, to an off-road mechanical diesel engine. For the application of the EGR system, the emission characteristics in consideration of the engine conditions were analyzed. The optimum EGR ratio for NOx emission reduction was determined by applying variable EGR conditions for each engine speed condition. Considering the above process, the emission characteristics of the modified EGR condition are compared with those of other conditions (non-EGR and existing EGR condition) in the NRTC mode. Consequently, NOx emission was reduced by around 42 compared with the non-EGR condition when using the modified EGR map.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.644-655
• /
• 2011

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) have adverse effects on human health and have caused serious global air pollution problems such as ozone depletion and cimate changes. The total of 56 target VOCs were selected to be monitored in this study for 4 years (2006~2009). The VOCs were measured every hour. The concentration of BTEX was higher than the other target compounds. Generally, the levels of VOCs measured in this study were higher than those measured by the other studies because Gamjeon and Jangrim monitering sites are located in industrial areas. The seasonal variations showed that the VOCs were the highest in winter. The temporal variations showed that the VOCs were high during commuting time on weekday. PMF model was used to resolve source types and source contributions of VOCs in this study. Identified sources and quantified contributions resolved by PMF were vehicle exhaust (15.22%), thinning solvent (29.83%), surface coating (17.13%), industries (13.95%), LPG vehicle (15.22%), combustion boiler (7.11%) and biogenic source (6.61%). Thinning solvent and Surface coating were the most contributed sources possibly due to manufactures and automobile garages in Gamjeon and solvent and paint manufactures in Sasang-Gu.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.05b
• /
• pp.649-656
• /
• 1996

RELAP5/MOD3.1.2을 이용하여 영광3/4호기의 부분충수운전중 정지냉각계통 기능상실사고를 모의하였다. 이 해석은 노심에서 발생되는 증기를 가압기 Manway로 배출시켜 노심을 냉각할 경우, 증기발생기 2차측 냉각재 유무에 따르는 계통거동을 분석한 것이다. 해석결과, 노심에서의 비등은 사고후 약 6분 경에 발생하였으며, 증기발생기 2차측에 냉각재가 없는 경우는, 냉각재가 채워져 있는 경우보다 0.16 bar 더 높은 1.8 bar의 계통 압력을 나타내어, 현재의 운전절차서에 제시한 RWST의 수위 (70%)로는 중력주입이 불가능한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이런 해석결과를 토대로 할 때, 부분충수 운전중 증기발생기 2차측 냉각재는 최소한 한 대에는 충수하고, RWST 수위 제한치도 84 % 이상으로 증가시키는 운전 절차서의 개정이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 1994.11a
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1994

소각로, 각종 산업시설 및 IGCC, PBFC등의 고온 고압 발전에서 배출되는 고온연소가스 중에 포함된 먼지를 제거할 목적으로 세라믹 고온가스 필터가 전세계적으로 개발중에 있다. (1,2) 성능이 우수한 세라믹 가스여과체의 필수조건으로써 \circled1높은 포집효율, 낮은 통기성, \circled2높은 기계적 강도 및 내부식성 등을 들 수 있다. 현재 국내.외에서 상용화되거나, 연구, 개발중인 세라믹 가스필터 재료의 조성으로써, \circled1단일 산화물계, \circled2산화물-산화물 복합계, \circled3산화물-비산화물계, \circled4비산화물계 등으로 분류할수 있다. (표1 참조)

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2012

In general, transportation sources include both on-road vehicles and off-road equipment. Off-road vehicles have usually used diesel engines, which have the disadvantage of high NOx emission. Common rail direct injection (CRDI) and after-treatment systems have been applied to meet the exhaust gas emission regulations for diesel vehicles. In the present, agricultural machinery has satisfied the Tier 3 emission regulations by using waste gate turbocharger (WGT) and internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics of an EGR system applied to a 56kW off-road vehicle in non-road transient cycle (NRTC) mode have been investigated. The EGR map was made from foundation experiments determining the EGR duty for all engine operating conditions, and then this map was applied to the NRTC mode. Consequently, the NOx emission was reduced by the EGR system, and the Tier 4 interim emission regulations were satisfied by using both the EGR system and an after-treatment system.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2014

Lentinula edodes liquid spawn growth under explosive aeration (supplying air with tiny bubbles) and soybean meal addition to liquid culture medium were investigated in terms of mycelial growth and residual free sugar content. The two treatments were effective for homogeneous culturing of mycelial spawn and for separating colonies during multiplication after an exponential growth period without limiting sustaining nitrogen nutrients. The mycelial growth and carbon dioxide concentration were greatest on the 13th day since the inoculation. At 12th day, however, free sugars were almost depleted in the upper part of the liquid medium. Total nitrogen content within precipitated mycelia was the highest at the 13th day. Chitin and sucrose contents in the mycelia were the highest at the 18th day, but ergosterol content became highest at 22 days. These results suggest that Lentinula edodes liquid spawn is ready in 18 days after inoculation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2007

Quantifying the methane emission from landfills is important to evaluate measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. To estimate methane emission for the entire landfills from 1990 through 2004 in Korea, Tier 1 and 2 methodologies were used. In addition, five different scenarios were adopted to identify the effect of important variables on methane emission. The trends of methane emission using Tier 1 were similar to the disposed waste amount. Methane emission using Tier 2 increased as the degradation of waste was gradually proceeded. This result indicates that disposed waste amount and methane generation rate are the important variables for the estimation of methane emission by Tier 1 and 2, respectively. As for the different scenarios, methane emission was highest with scenario I that the entire landfills in Korea were regarded as one landfill. Methane emissions by scenario III and IV considering different $DOC_F$ values with the waste type and different MCF values with the height of waste layer, respectively, were underestimated compared to scenario II. This result indicates that the method of scenario I employed to most previous studies may lead to the overestimation of methane emission. Therefore, more careful consideration of the variables should be needed to develop the methodologies of greenhouse gas emission in landfills along with the characteristics of disposed waste in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.95-112
• /
• 1998

For the effective disposal of organic food wastes, we seleted 4 strains of microorganism from 186 microbial candidate via enzyme activity test, salt tolerance, food decomposition rate, stability and safety of strains. The identity of these 4 strains are as follows : Fungi is Rhizopus sp., yeasts are Galactomyces sp., Pichia sp. and Hyphopichia sp., In the 50L fermenter scale, we tested various fermenting factor for the optimization of conditions of food waste decomposition using 4 selected strains. The optimum fomenting conditions were as follows : BIO-CHIP Volume 25-30 L, BIO CHIP size 2.0-6.0mm, air flow 200-280L/min, mixing intensity 2-4rpm, temperature $30-45^{\circ}C$. In these fermenting conditions, the efficiency of decomposition(rate of weight loss of food wastes) were 93%. Also the quality of fermenting output were assayed at the basis of fertilizer, and the results were as good as general compost.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1994

The TCMI(Three-Compartment Model for iodine) computer code has been developed, which is based on the three-compartment model and the respiratory model recommended in ICRP publication 54. This code is able to evaluate the thyroid burden, dose equivalent, committed dose equivalent and urinary excretion rate as time-dependent functions from the input data: working time and the radioiodine concentration in air. Using the TCMI code, the time-dependent thyroid burdens, the thyroid doses and the urinary excretion rates were calculated for three specific exposure patterns : acute, chronic and periodic. Applicability as an internal dose evaluation method has been assessed by comparing the results with some operational experiences. Simple equations and tables are provided to be used in the evaluation of the thyroid burden and the resulting doses for given I-131 concentration in air and the working time.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2012

$SF_6$ gas is widely used for dry etching process of semiconductor and display fabrication process. But $SF_6$ gas is considered for typical greenhouse gas for global warming. So it is necessary to research relating to $SF_6$ alternatives reducing greenhouse effect in semiconductor and display. $C_3F_6$ gas is one of the promising candidates for it. We studied about etch characteristics by performing Reactive Ion Etching process of dry etching and reduced gas element exhausted on etching process using absorbent Zeolite 5A. $Si_3N_4$ thin film was deposited to 500 nm with Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition and we performed Reactive Ion Etching process after patterning through photolithography process. It was observed that the etch rate and the etched surface of $Si_3N_4$ thin film with Scanning Electron Microscope pictures. And we measured and compared the exhausted gas before and after the absorbent using Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrophotometry.